(Five Dynasties) Li Yu
When is the autumn moon in the spring flowers?
How much is known about the past.
Last night, there was an easterly wind in the small building, and
The old country could not bear to look back in the middle of the moon.
Carved fences and jade carvings should still exist,
It's just Zhu Yan's change.
How much sorrow can you have?
It's like a river flowing eastward.
appreciation
this word was written in the third year after Li Yu returned to Song Dynasty. The undisguised thoughts of the old country are revealed in the ci, which is said to be one of the reasons that prompted Song Taizong to order the poisoning of Li Yu. Then, it is equivalent to Li Yu's desperate words.
ask the whole word to answer the question; From asking questions about heaven and people to asking yourself, through the intense tone in sadness and the artistic structure that twists and turns freely, the author's melancholy thoughts run through and form a refreshing aesthetic effect.
It's true that Li Yu's homesickness may not be worthy of sympathy. His nostalgia for the past can't be separated from the imperial life and the secret affairs of the imperial palace. However, this well-known masterpiece is unique in art:
"Spring flowers and autumn moon" is mostly beautiful, but the author earnestly hopes that it will be "lost" as soon as possible; The "East Wind" in the small building brings the information of spring, but it causes the author's "unbearable sigh" instead, because they all hook up the author's feelings about things that have changed, and show his worries about being imprisoned in a foreign country, which is used to describe the author's mood of being a prisoner who has changed from being surrounded by pearls and jade to crying for a long song.
The closing sentence "A spring river flows eastward" is a famous sentence with water as a metaphor for sorrow, which implicitly shows the endless stream of sorrow. Compared with it, Liu Yuxi's Zhuzhidiao is a little blunt, but Qin Guan's Jiangchengzi is full of tears, endless flow and many worries, which weakens the touching power.
It can be said that the reason why the word Li Yu has aroused a wide range of * * * is that, to a great extent, the sentence ends with an infectious and symbolic metaphor, which makes the sad thoughts both visual and abstract: the author did not clearly write the true connotation of his sad thoughts-he missed the happy life of the past, but only showed its external form-"just like a river flowing eastward." In this way, people can easily get some kind of spiritual echo from it and use it to express their similar feelings. Because although people's worries have different connotations, they can all have the external form of "just like a river flowing eastward" Because "the image is often greater than the thought", the word Li Yu can produce a * * * sound in a wide range and be passed down through the ages.
Appreciation II
As a monarch who is "good at debauchery and indifferent to political affairs", Li Yu failed; However, it was the subjugation that made him the "king of the south" in the eternal ci world (the language of Shen Xiong's ancient and modern ci-Hua). As the saying goes, "the country's unfortunate poets are fortunate, and the words begin to work in the vicissitudes of life." "Young Beauty" is a famous poem that has been passed down through the ages.
This word depicts a strong thought of the motherland, and has achieved an artistic effect of making the gods cry. "Spring flowers and autumn moon", the things that most easily evoke people's beautiful associations, made Li Yu doubly annoyed. He really complained to heaven: When will the flowers bloom every spring and the autumn moon be full? Reading a word makes people curious. However, as long as we imagine the poet's situation, it is not difficult to understand: a monarch who is above the sword, these beautiful things will only make him feel sad and remind him of the good life of the past, and the contrast between the present and the past will only make him sad. Ask yourself, "How much do you know about the past?" "The past" refers to the good life when I was a king in the past, but everything has disappeared and become illusory. The spring of nature has gone and come again, but why is the spring of life gone forever? "The small building was easterly again last night, so the country could not bear to look back on the moon and the middle of the year." The "east wind" brought the message of spring, but it caused the poet to sigh "unbearable to look back" and "the voice of national subjugation mourned for thinking", which was probably the only way. Let's imagine: the night is quiet, the moon is breezy, and the sleepless people trapped in the small building can't help but look far from the railing, facing the direction of their homeland, and how much sadness comes to mind. Who can stand the situation? The word "you" contains many helpless and sad feelings! The east wind has entered again, which shows that the spring flowers and the autumn moon have not ended and will continue; And I still have to linger and suffer. "The old country can't bear to look back in the middle of the moon" is the inversion of "the old country can't bear to look back in the middle of the moon". "I can't bear to look back," but after all, I looked back. Looking back, "the carved jade fence should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed it." In my imagination, the mountains and rivers of the old country and the old palaces are still there, but things have changed, and the mountains and rivers have changed hands; When thinking about it, how much sorrow and hate are in it. The word "just" conveys a sense of infinite regret with a sigh.
The above six sentences are quite ingenious in structure. Several times, using two-phase contrast and alternate sentences to echo, I repeatedly emphasized the reincarnation of nature and the transience of life, which was full of philosophical meaning and deep emotion. One or two sentences contrast the endless spring flowers and the autumn moon with the things in the world that are gone and hard to return; Comparison between "East Wind Again" and "The Old Country Can't Look Back"; A comparison between "should remain" and "change" in the five or six sentences. "East wind again" and "should still be there" echo "when"; "I can't bear to look back" and "Zhu Yan changed" echo "the past". Such contrast and repetition vividly convey the ups and downs and worries of the poet's mind.
In the end, the poet's resentment is hard to control, and it is summed up in the famous sentence "How much sorrow can I ask you?" Just like a river flowing eastward. " Using water as a metaphor for sorrow can be described as "there were ancients before, and then there were newcomers." Liu Yuxi's Zhuzhi Ci "The water flows infinitely like a sorrow", and Qin Guan's "Jiangchengzi Xicheng Yangliu Nongchun Rou" "It's like a spring river full of tears, endless flow and many worries". These poems are either understated or straightforward, and they are not as touching as "a river flowing eastward", which is called "really sad words". Comparing melancholy to "a river of spring water" makes abstract emotions appear vivid and sensible. Sorrow, like spring, is overflowing and unrestrained; Another example is the endless flow of spring water day and night. Formally, the nine words alternate flat and flat, and they read like the ups and downs of spring water all over the river, fully expressing the depth and strength of feelings in the rising flow. Ending with such expressive words greatly enhances the appeal of the work. When the pages are closed, the readers seem to be overwhelmed by this endless grief.
The whole poem expresses the pain of national subjugation, with profound artistic conception, sincere feelings, exquisite structure and fresh language; Although the words are short, they have endless aftertaste. No wonder Wang Guowei commented: "The words of the Tang and Five Dynasties have sentences but no articles. The words of famous artists in the Southern Song Dynasty have articles but no sentences. There is a sentence, only Li Houzhu's works after the Song Dynasty, and Yong Shu, Zi Zhan, Shao You, Mei Cheng and Jia Xuan. " (4% of the deleted manuscript of "Ci Hua on Earth") (Jiang Yayun)
Appreciation of the third
This word was written by Li Yu after he was captured in Bianjing. At the beginning, when will the beautiful time of spring flowers and autumn moon end? Because when I saw the spring flowers and the autumn moon, countless past events came to my mind, and I thought of the beautiful days of enjoying the spring flowers and the autumn moon in the Southern Tang Dynasty, which was unbearable to look back, so I was afraid of seeing the spring flowers and the autumn moon. On the moonlit night when the east wind blows, life in Jinling's old country is hard to look back on. The carved jade fence of the palace there should still be there, but people's faces have become haggard because of sorrow. If you want to ask how much sorrow there is, it is just like a river flowing eastward, endless. One river refers to the Yangtze River, which is compared with the spring water of one river, and is combined with Jinling, the old country of the Southern Tang Dynasty, by the Yangtze River, full of nostalgia for the old country. In the Song Dynasty, Wang Yi's "Memories" volume said: "The late master is giving the first place, and because of the Chinese Valentine's Day, the prostitute is happy and famous. Emperor Taizong was furious when he heard of it. He also passed on the sentences of "the small building was easterly again last night" and "a river of spring water flows eastward", and sat down, so he was unlucky. Wang Guowei's "Words on Earth": "Nietzsche refers to all literature, and I love those who write in blood. The words of the late Lord are really so-called people who write in blood. Emperor Song Daojun (Huizong) wrote a similar poem in Yanshan Pavilion. However, the Taoist monarch is nothing more than the sorrow of his own life, and the later Lord seems to have the meaning of Sakyamuni and Christ bearing the sins of mankind, which is different in size. " Li Yu was poisoned, which was related to his writing this word. It was really written in blood. The so-called "there is a sense that Sakyamuni and Christ bear the sins of mankind", that is to say, words like Li Yu are not only about his personal sorrow, but also have great generality, which sums up the painful feelings of all people who have the pain of national subjugation: if they are afraid to see the spring flowers and the autumn moon, they are afraid to think of the good life in the past. Another example is the beautiful scenery of the old country, which is unbearable to recall. The scenery of the old country, such as carved fences and jade, is still there, but people's faces have changed because of sorrow, and there are also changes in personnel and the relationship between master and slave. It is like comparing sorrow with a river of spring water. The whole word reflects the feelings of people who have the pain of national subjugation and bears the emotional pain of all these people. This just shows that this word is highly general and representative, which is the outstanding achievement of this word.
In Song Dynasty, Chen Yu's "Hidden Words": "Taibai (Li Bai) said,' oh, go and ask this river running to the east, if it can travel farther than a friend's love!." ("parting at a Wine-Shop in Nanjing") Master Li of the south of the Yangtze River said,' How many worries do you have, just like a river flowing eastward.' With a little melting, I feel wonderful. To Koulaigong (Zhun), it is said that' sadness is like spring water' ("Night Spending Mother"), and it is better to swim less (Qin Guan) and' fall in love and worry like the sea' ("Millennium"). Here, I commented on the word "a river flows eastward" to compare sorrow. Li Bai's poem is about love, which can be compared with the East Flowing Water. The poem was written in Jinling, and this East Flowing Water refers to the Yangtze River. Li Yu's ci was written when Bianjing was detained. He couldn't see the Yangtze River, which became a part of his nostalgia for his old country. Therefore, Li Bai's poems are compared with the scenery in front of him, and Li Yu's words are compared with the Yangtze River far away from him. In this metaphor, there is a feeling of missing the old country, and the feelings are deeper. Besides, the image of "one river flowing eastward" is more vivid than that of "flowing eastward". Also, "flowing water in the east" is shorter than "not meaning", and "a river flowing water in the east" is endless. This is the difference between the two, which shows that the pain of Li Yu's old country is deeper, not "slightly melting". Kou Zhun's words: "When I look at Tingzhou at dusk, my tenderness is like spring water." This is comparing tenderness with spring water, and this tenderness also refers to another meaning, which is the same as Li Bai's sentence meaning and can be said to imitate Li Bai's word meaning. "Like spring water" can't be compared with Li Yu's words. Qin Guan's words and expressions: "Spring is gone, and the red is like the sea." It's the parting of feelings about "parting with take off your coat", coupled with the injury to spring, and the haggard of "Zhu Yan changed in the mirror", coupled with "falling in love with ten thousand points", which is really a famous sentence. However, Li Yu's ci is written about the pain of national subjugation, which is deeper than parting feelings. He also wrote "Zhu Yan changed", which is combined with the pain of national subjugation. In addition, the image of "a river flowing eastward" is bright and magnificent, from emotion to image, which is not comparable to Qin Guan's words. (Tian Deyi)
Fourth, study important sentences in detail
1. Question: "Spring flowers and autumn moon" is a beautiful thing. Why do poets want it to end?
Clear: It is indeed a beautiful thing, but with the change of the status of the poet, these beautiful things will also change color in the poet's mind. It turns out that luxuries and luxuries can only add to the infinite sadness of a "prisoner" in a life like "spring flowers and autumn moon" accompanied by a flower-maid singing a song at night. Such a beautiful thing is better than ending it.
2. What does the past mean in "How much do you know about the past"?
Clear: The content of "past events" is very rich, which can refer to all his activities when he was an emperor. Such as the beauty of the harem, the dignity of sitting in the temple, and the sense of freedom to do whatever you want.
3. "How much can I worry about asking you? What kind of artistic expression is used in "Just a river flowing eastward"? Please give some examples of this.
Clarity: Use metaphors to concretize abstract feelings]. It shows that sorrow is like the spring water, and Wang Yang is unrestrained and unrestrained; Another example is that the spring water stays up day and night, and the long flow is endless. No wonder Wang Guowei commented: "The words of the late Lord are really so-called blood books." French writer Miao Sai said: "The most beautiful poems are the most desperate poems, and some immortal chapters are pure tears."
Li Bai's "white hair is 3, feet, and sorrow is a long one."
Li Yu's "Being away from hate is like spring grass, and you can go further and live."
Li Yu's "naturally people grow up and hate water flowing east."
Li Bai's poem "If you don't see how lovely locks in bright mirrors in high chambers, it's as early as dusk." Wait a minute.
5. Use your imagination, try to translate this poem, and try your best to show your grief and sadness.
Spring flowers bloom, autumn moon wanes, year after year,
When will it be over?
Life is short, and how many past events are empty in a blink of an eye.
Last night, there was an easterly wind in the small building.
I can't bear to look back. My old country was destroyed in my hands under the moon.
The pavilions in the palace may still be there.
Only the people who linger there have changed their looks.
Life means endless sorrow.
If you ask how much sorrow you have,
I know, just like a spring water flows day and night.
VI. Summarize the whole poem.
This poem "Yu Meiren" is full of feelings of sadness and hatred, and its feelings are deep and strong, like a raging river, and it is desperate to rush out. It is rare in history that a monarch who is above the sword dares to express his hatred of national subjugation so boldly. Li Yu's devotion to this pure feeling is probably Wang Guowei's "naive words" out of "pure heart", so that he paid his life for it. French writer Miao Sai said: "The most beautiful poems are the most desperate poems, and some immortal chapters are pure tears." This word is such an immortal work.