I recently read the third page of "China Reading News" on April 8, 2015, and there was an article "Eight Examples of Chen Yinke and Qian Zhong using the same classic in poetry". The author, Mr. Xie Yong, based on the triple editions of "Chen Yinke's Collected Poems", "Huaiju Poems" and Qian Zhongshu's 1934 self-printed "Zhongshu Jun's Poems First Issue", as well as Guangdong People's Publishing House's "Chen Yinke's Poetry Notes" to come up with this idea. Analyzing the same allusions used in the poems of Chen Qian and Chen Qian one by one, eight are listed. Only the seventh one, "White Goose", cannot be found in the classics, "but Chen Qian uses the same allusion, so it may have its origin." So where does "White Goose" come from?
Unlike the allusion of "Hongyan", which comes from "The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Hongyan" and is well-known and has a long history, "Baiyan" appeared later as a poetic allusion, and it has special meaning and expression. Subtle symbolism and sustenance. "White Wild Goose" comes from the poem "White Wild Goose" written by Liu Yin, an agent of the Yuan Dynasty. The poem is as follows:
When the north wind begins, the water becomes cold, and when the north wind rises again, the river dries up. The north wind blows white wild geese three times, and the cold air reaches Zhuya Mountain. The universe has been breathing for three hundred years, and a single wind has swept away everything, leaving no trace behind. Thousands of miles away in the rivers and lakes, I want to be free and unrestrained, just wait and see the wild geese come back in the spring water.
According to the fifth volume of Chen Yan’s Chronicles of Yuan Poems, Liu’s name is: “His courtesy name is Mengji, and he was born in Rongcheng, Baoding. His first name was Peng, and his courtesy name was Mengji. His residence was called Jingxiu. In the 19th year of the Yuan Dynasty, he was worshiped by You Zanshan. In the 28th year, he was called a scholar of Jixian and could not afford to resign. (Su Tianjue) "Zixi Manuscript": "Try to travel to Xishan." , when the autumn wind falls, I compose a song with emotion. When Wang Shi attacked the Song Dynasty, he wrote "Dujiang Fu" to express his love for Zhuge Kongming's words of "quietness to cultivate oneself", which means "quiet practice". ..." This is the origin of Liu Yin's life.
Liu Yin was a scholar with national sentiments. At that time, Mongolia wanted to go south to destroy the Song Dynasty, so he tried to write "Dujiang Fu" to flourish the Song Dynasty. Yu Jiaxi commented on this article and said, "Gai believed that the Song Dynasty was the location of Zhengshuo, so he did not want it to perish." This can give us a glimpse of some of the national sentiments of Liu Yin, a Han Chinese, under the rule of the early Yuan Dynasty. "Chronicle of Yuan Poems" also lists Liu Yin's poems, including the poem "White Wild Geese".
This poem is an aria in response to the situation that the Song Dynasty has been facing from foreign invasions since its founding until the country was destroyed. In the first couplet and the four sentences of the chin couplet, "North Wind" refers to Three ethnic minority military regimes successively emerged in the northern part of the Great Wall - the Liao Kingdom of the Khitans, the Jin Kingdom of the Jurchens, and the Yuan Dynasty of the Mongols. Like the fierce and cold north wind, they continued to shake and eventually overturned the Song Dynasty for more than 300 years. lofty foundation. In the Battle of Mengya Mountain during the Song Dynasty in 1279 AD, the Southern Song Dynasty was defeated. Prime Minister Lu Xiufu threw himself into the sea with the 8-year-old emperor Zhao Bing on his back. All 100,000 residents died in the sea and the Song Dynasty was destroyed. As the saying goes, "the cold air thins Zhuya Mountain." . The neck couplet reads, "The universe has been trembling for three hundred years, and a single wind has swept away the land without leaving any trace." It directly laments that the Song Dynasty, which lasted three hundred years, seemed to have been swept away by a strong wind and disappeared without a trace. In the last couplet, the poet pretends to forget his emotions and presents us with a picture of leisurely rivers and lakes, leisurely watching the spring water and geese passing by. All the success and failure are in vain!
The "white wild goose" in this poem has a special symbolic meaning. "Xihu Zhiyu" said: "First, there was a rumor in Lin'an: 'If the south of the Yangtze River is broken, white geese will come.' This is Boyan's prophecy. Liu Jingxiu's white geese is also a fable." It can be seen that "white geese" is a metaphor for the destruction of Mongolia. Song coach Boyan (Bai Yan is the homophone of Boyan). People in the Yuan Dynasty also believed that the white wild goose was a metaphor for Boyan. Volume 4 of "Yutang Jiahua" written by Liu Yin's contemporary Wang Yun said, "At the end of the Song Dynasty, a folk song from Jiangnan said: If the south of the Yangtze River is broken, hundreds of wild geese will come. The meaning was unclear at the time." When the Song Dynasty died, Gaizhi refers to Prime Minister Boyan." Xu Xian of the Ming Dynasty commented on Liu Yin's "White Wild Geese" in the second volume of "Xu Xiangyang Xiyuan Miscellaneous Notes": "'Gai Yong, the Yuan Dynasty prospered and the king was promoted, which was also the order of the Song Dynasty." "Zhuogeng Lu" and "Yutang Jiahua" said: Song Dynasty When it was not going down, a song from the south of the Yangtze River said: "If the south of the Yangtze River is broken, hundreds of wild geese will come. "I couldn't understand the meaning at that time. 'Does Jing Xiu Yun Bai Yan also refer to Boyan Jie?" It is also clear from Volume 5 of Weng Fanggang's "Shizhou Poetry Talk" that "Song people's proverb goes: 'If the south of the Yangtze River is broken, white geese will come.'" Jing Xiu " "White Wild Goose" is attributed to this matter. "It can also prove it. From the writings of Wang Yun, Tian Rucheng, Tao Zongyi, Xu Xian, Weng Fanggang, Chen Yan and others, it can be seen that since the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the Republic of China, scholars have recognized that the "white wild goose" image in Liu Yin's poems is a metaphor for Boyan, the commander of the Yuan army. It has special cultural connotation.
The tone of the poem "White Wild Geese" is somber and painful. It is indeed inspired by Boyan who led his troops to destroy the Song Dynasty. Yu Jiaxi commented on this poem: "This is a white wild goose. It is suspected that the language at that time was like this, and the translator mistakenly wrote it as a hundred wild goose ears. The north wind is used to symbolize the Yuan Dynasty. When it first blows, it is said to destroy the Jin Dynasty. When it blows again, it is said to invade the Song Dynasty. The third blow will break the cliffs and mountains." The meaning of the language is expressed with emotion, which cannot be explained by an outsider who is indifferent to it." Liu Yin also wrote seven verses and one verse of "Crossing Dong'an". Dong'an has the tombs of the ancestors of the Zhao and Song Dynasties. Liu Yin can't help but feel the rise and fall of this place when he passes by. The last two sentences of the poem say, "It is like this in ancient and modern times. The Wuling mourning geese enter the autumn clouds." . It can be seen that in Liu Yin's poems, the appearance of the image of wild geese is always cast with a heavy layer of sadness.
I remember when Boyan sent his troops to cross the river, he was so high-spirited and arrogant that he once wrote a poem "The Envoy Recruited the South of the Yangtze River". It can be read in conjunction with "White Wild Geese" to understand the different psychological feelings of the conquerors and the conquered. The poem is as follows:
The sword points at the green mountains and the mountains are about to split, and the horses drink from the Yangtze River until it is exhausted. Millions of elite soldiers went to the south of the Yangtze River to fight without being stained by the blood of any living being.
Comparing and reading Boyan's poems with Liu Yin's "White Wild Goose", one can feel Wang Yuanliang's mentality of "southern people cry while northern people laugh" when his family and country are lost.
Although Liu Yin was a Han in the Kingdom of Jin and then entered the Yuan Dynasty, he faced the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty, and his national sentiment was more inclined to the Southern Song Dynasty. "White Goose" metaphorically refers to "Bo Yan", which is a symbol and has cultural connotations that allegorize the invasion of aliens and the fall of the country. After understanding this point, we can understand the profound meaning of the allusion of white geese in Qian Zhongshu's poem "Motherland" and Chen Yinke's poem "The Day After Yi Wei Welcomes Spring".
Mr. The saying "Blowing the White Wild Geese is coming" refers to the fact that the Japanese pirates wanted to cross the river again before they succeeded in recovering the lost territory in the Northeast. Chen Shiyun said: "The oriole cries in the sky in a frightened dream, and the white wild goose follows the sun and is tired but has not returned." Using the poem "Spring Resentment" by Jinchangxu of the Tang Dynasty, "When you fight the oriole, don't teach it to crow on the branches. When it crows, it frightens the concubine's dream, and she will not get to Liaoxi." "Dian" also uses allusions from Liu Yin's poems, which means that mountains and rivers have fallen and powerful enemies are rampant. The words "Huanglong" and "Liaoxi" in the two poems undoubtedly refer to the occupied Northeastern territory. Qian's poem was published in 1934. At that time, the Japanese pirates had stolen our land in Liaohai and were invading Jiangnan again (in 1932, there was "January 28"). "Incident, Japanese pirates invaded Shanghai). The "white geese" in both poems refer to Japanese pirates. Qian Zhongshu and Chen Yinke, two masters of Chinese traditional culture, were naturally worried when the Japanese pirates invaded China more and more in the 1930s and 1940s and were determined to destroy China. And with their cultural background of learning from heaven and man, and being knowledgeable about the past and present, it is easy to associate the deepening foreign invasion with the situation in the late Song Dynasty and sigh, so they wrote poems to express the poet's sorrow, anger and patriotism. . This is also a matter of course.
At this point, we can make a summary: the literary image of "white wild goose" has become a symbol of unique cultural connotation in Chinese classical poetry. It originated from the poem "White Wild Goose" by Liu Yin of the Yuan Dynasty. The homophony of "Bo Yan" is a metaphor for the foreign conquerors who came from outside to destroy the Chinese country. Therefore, "White Wild Goose Coming" is indeed an "evil prophecy" as Qian Shi said. Because the image of "white wild goose" deeply embodies the thoughts of family and country and the rise and fall of the country, it eventually condensed into an allusion in classical literature. Generally, when foreign troubles are getting worse and powerful enemies invade, they will appear in the poems of poets who are worried about their country.
The above humble article is just my personal opinion. I hope readers will give me corrections.