Looking back on Li Bai's poems and songs, it is found that he seems to have a soft spot for the moon. Not only life is related to the moon, but death is also related to the moon. When she was born, her mother dreamed that Chang Geng Xing (also known as Taibai Venus) was in her arms and gave birth to Li Bai. When he died, it was said that he went to catch the moon. Li Bai's poems and songs are all-encompassing and have a wide range of contents. However, even his poems about his wife, children and the famous mountains and rivers he was intoxicated with were only dozens, which could not be compared with Li Bai's poems about the moon. With infinite affection, he yearned for and eulogized the moon, especially in his later years, which deepened his love. In this world, talents don't meet, "the road is as wide as the sky, and there is no way out" ("The Road is Difficult to Walk"). Being looked down upon and wronged, the world is so unhappy, so where is the purest and noblest? The moon, only the moon, it seems that only the moon can save him. It is said that it was no accident that he caught the moon in the future. Isn't he pursuing his own ideal?
Li Bai was born in the first year of Chang 'an (AD 70 1 year) after Tang Wu, and mainly lived in the Su Xuan Dynasty. In the early period of Xuanzong, that is, the Kaiyuan period, the rulers paid more attention to developing the economy and stabilizing the society in the hundred years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the development of social economy and culture reached an unprecedented peak, which was called "the flourishing age of Kaiyuan" in history. However, there are still various contradictions behind the background of "Kaiyuan Prosperity", so in the late Xuanzong period, that is, Tianbao period, social decay increased day by day, social economy was seriously damaged, and the golden age of Tang Dynasty was fleeting. Li Bai is in such a ups and downs historical period. He "carried Liu Jia at the age of five, and watched a hundred schools at the age of ten". He is charming and bold, likes fencing and worships rangers. Before he was twenty-five, he had enjoyed the famous mountains and rivers in his hometown of Shu. At the age of twenty-six, "Going Abroad with Swords" (Pei Chang Shang 'an History Book) wrote the famous "Emei Mountain Moon Song".
In the autumn of the first half of Mount Emei, the Pingqiang River reflected.
In the evening, Qingxi went to the Three Gorges, but the four gentlemen did not see Yuzhou.
Although there are only 28 poems in this poem, it leaves an extremely precious artistic portrayal of Mount Emei: the half moon hanging on Mount Emei is reflected in the Pingqiang River. In the dead of night, Li Bai set off for a long journey, and all the people who saw him off had already gone home. The feeling of loneliness came upon him, and he felt no attachment to himself. In this poem, he used five place names: Emei Mountain, Pingqiang River, Qingxi, Three Gorges and Yuzhou, but they all showed no trace and took great pains. On the contrary, it seems natural, complacent and ethereal, thus "the past and the present are the last word" (Wang Shimao's "Picking Gardens").
Li Bai is a very conceited person. He often regards ancient politicians such as Guan Zi, Yan Zi, Kong Ming and Xie An as his own situation, so he is always unwilling to pass the imperial examination to become an official. But throughout his life, he longed for "learning the words, seeking the skills of the emperor, seeking his wisdom, and being willing to help him make a big decision and make it clear" ("Dai Shoushan answers Meng Shaofu's documents"). Li Bai wandered outside Sichuan for sixteen years. During this period, in order to create conditions and realize his grand ambition, he traveled around and interacted with all kinds of people in various ways. He was once trapped by the economy, persecuted by some local officials, laughed at by corrupt scholars, and sometimes felt depressed and hesitant, but all this did not dampen his political enthusiasm. In the first year of Tianbao of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 742), in order to show off his "prosperity of Kaiyuan", Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty issued an imperial edict and recommended people with elegant prose. At that time, Li Baizheng and Taoist Wu Yun lived in seclusion in a village in the upper reaches of Cao 'e River in Zhejiang. Wu Jun was first recruited by Xuanzong. Because of his direct recommendation, his indirect support and Li Bai's fame in Beijing, Xuanzong also sent someone to call Li Bai to Beijing. However, at that time, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty had changed from a wise monarch who made great efforts to become a hedonistic son of heaven. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty appreciated Li Bai's peerless talent and called him to Beijing for the purpose of praising Taiping with Li Bai's poems and increasing the fun of court life. When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered him to go to Chang 'an, he once proudly said, "Laugh to the sky. Are we Artemisia people? " ("Nanling children do not go to Beijing")
When he arrived in Chang 'an, the famous poet He Zhangzhi met Li Bai and said, "There are immortals in this sky." Li Bai, who is full of ambition, mistakenly thinks that a bright political career has begun, and he can show his talents and realize his ambitions from now on. However, the reality is far from his ideal. He just dedicated himself to the Hanlin, and every once in a while he dedicated his gorgeous poems to Tang Xuanzong. When the monarch is happy, he personally spoons for him to show his affection. Petition is not respect, Li Bai is just a senior plaything of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. After Li Bai saw his true position in the eyes of the monarch, he suffered for a while. However, he did not put the pain on his face, but melted in the wine. Although "raising a glass to eliminate sorrow is more worrying" ("Xuanzhou Xie Lou Farewell to the School Book Uncle Yun"), there is no other way to eliminate sorrow except wine. He is often with He, Li, Cui Zongzhi, Zhang Xu and Jiao Sui, and is often drunk, so he is called "the Eight Immortals of Wine". After drinking too much wine, Li Bai, who was already crazy, showed more dissolute madness. He is a man who thinks highly of himself. He never looked down on those powerful people. At this time, he was angry in his chest and simply regarded them as the objects of his own play. He leaned drunkenly in the hall and shouted to Gao Lishi to take off his boots. In retaliation, Gao Lishi provoked Yang Guifei, saying that Li Bai compared her to Zhao in Qingpingdiao, and the letter wrote. Therefore, Yang Guifei used her means to prevent Tang Xuanzong from giving Li Bai a real job. Li Bai's madness not only offended Gao Lishi, but also offended a large number of dignitaries. Most influential people unanimously hated Li Bai and United to force him to stay in the position of a public guest.
Li Bai is just idle in the imperial academy in Chang 'an, the capital of Beijing, and he is very dissatisfied with the present situation. It goes without saying that he once wrote Gulangyu Island. Poetry cloud:
When I was a child, I didn't know the moon, so I called it a white jade plate.
Double doubt Yao Tai, flying at Qingyun end.
Why do laurel trees become round in January?
Immortals hang down their feet, and laurel trees circle.
The white rabbit is not an old panacea. Can you tell me who eats it?
Toads eat the full moon, the moon, the moon is so dark, I don't know.
After Yi shot down nine suns, the paradise on earth was clear and peaceful.
No matter how worried you are, sadness will destroy your heart.
When I was a child, I didn't know the moon, so I called it a white jade plate. I suspected that the mirror in the Yaotai where the fairy lived had flown into the sky. Legend has it that when the moon rises, you first see the fairy's feet on the moon and the laurel tree on the moon, and then you know how round the moon is! Who is the white rabbit in the moon palace for? Then it was dyed with a strong political color. He expressed his sorrow for Xuanzong's dissolute enjoyment and Yang's flattery by taking the toad as a metaphor.
Li Bai's attitude of "never leaving, never being a servant" led him to "make friends with princes", so he was repeatedly slandered by treacherous court officials and "left out by the emperor" (Preface to Li Caotang Collection). To this end, Li Bai is unhappy, and often prosecutes himself to the moon, so as to drown his sorrows by drinking:
Flowers in the next pot of wine, no friends, drink alone.
Raise my cup, I invite the bright moon, which brings me its shadow and makes us three people.
The moon doesn't know how to drink, but the shadow in front of it is behind.
I have to mingle with them and enjoy the happiness of spring.
I sang. The moon encouraged me, and my dance was messy.
Wake up and be happy together, and disperse after drunkenness.
I am willing to stay with them forever and forget the harm of friendship, just like the Milky Way.
(I drink the bright moon alone)
This is the monologue of the poet under the moon. Know loneliness, but don't want to be lonely; Knowing that you are down and out, you are still broad-minded. So he invited the heartless moon and the invisible shadow to testify. Sing and dance, wake up drunk, get together and leave, write the month, write the shadow and write yourself.
Li Bai became famous in poetry, but his ambition was not in the literary world, but in politics. He wrote poetry and tried his best to write poetry, reaching the peak, but he didn't want to die as a poet. He has a strong political complex and a strong political ambition, which he will never let go of. Like all poets at that time, they only regarded poetry as a stepping stone to open the political door of the imperial court. Li Bai saw that he could not be an official and realize his ambition. He didn't want to stay in the imperial court and endure the torture of cowardice, so he gave up the position of academician that many literati dreamed of.
In the third year of Tianbao (AD 743), Li Bai was "given gold to the mountain" by Xuanzong, leaving Chang 'an and wandering around. His footprints are all over the country, up and down the Yellow River. Rich experience and broad vision have enabled him to brew more magical, magnificent and heroic poems. Li Bai, who looks like a wild crane in the clouds, has made great achievements in poetry, but this is only the expression of his heart. He certainly didn't want to be born, and he didn't give up his innate ambition. He is always looking for opportunities.
After the Anshi Rebellion broke out, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty appointed his sixteenth son, Wang Yong Lilin, as the commander-in-chief of the military forces in Jianghuai and Yangzhou, on his way to the western expedition to Bashu. At this point, Tang Suzong has acceded to the throne in Lingwu, asking Li Lin to lead his men closer to him and fight against the rebellion with * * *. Li Lin, on the other hand, designed a blueprint for himself: Keguangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu) and Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), which split the whole country in two. Li Bai didn't know Li Lin's real intention, so he volunteered to Xuanzhou (now Xuancheng, Anhui Province) and became Li Lin's adjutant. He wants to seize this turbulent opportunity and rely on Li Lin to make contributions. However, he made a wrong bet on this treasure. Li Lin is not a prince with the qualities of a leader. Within two months, he was defeated and killed. After Li Lin's defeat, its nature was defined as Tang Ting's rebellion. As an assistant, Li Bai was sentenced to death by Tang Suzong. Due to the rescue, Li Bai switched to Yelang (now Tongzi County, Guizhou Province), was pardoned halfway, and returned to Jiangxia (now Wuchang, Hubei Province), which coincided with the trip of Shu monks from Emei Mountain to Chang 'an. Li Bai recalled Mount Emei and was deeply moved. He wrote "Brother Yue of Emei Mountain sent the Shu monks to Beijing":
When I was in the Three Gorges in Badong, I watched the western bright moon and recalled Emei.
Emei rises in the moon and shines on the sea, just like Wan Li.
The moonlight was white in front of the Yellow Crane Tower, and I suddenly saw Emei guests.
Mount Emei returns to the monarch in the month, and the wind blows in Chang 'an in the west.
Chang 'an Avenue stretches for nine days, and Mount Emei shines on Qinchuan in the moon.
Golden lion riding a high seat, white jade tail talking about mystery.
I am like a floating cloud swimming in the five mountains. When you see the Lord, you will visit Danque.
The Imperial Capital was a great success, and when it returned, it achieved Emei Moon.
It can be said that Li Bai has never forgotten Emei month. Even though Wan Li travels far, he has been watching and remembering, and he feels that she is with him. Now I see a monk from my hometown in front of the Yellow Crane Tower. He brought Emei Moon, which will accompany him to Chang 'an. This bright moon not only shines on Jiangxia, Chang 'an and surrounding Qinchuan, but also returns to Shu with the moon in Emei. In fact, there is a bright moon in Wan Li. It doesn't matter if there is a bright moon here or there. But on the one hand, it can be seen that Li Bai has a special liking for the moonlight in his hometown, and on the other hand, he is like a floating cloud, stranded in the five mountains, envious that the monks in Sichuan can still see the Emei bright moon when they return.