Classical theoretical evaluation

Dian Lun Wen is an earlier monograph in the history of China's literary criticism. Dian Lun is a monograph written by Cao Pi when he was a prince. According to the Records of Wei Shu quoted in the History of the Three Kingdoms, after Cao Pi wrote Dian Lun, he "gathered Confucianism at the city gate to give lectures tirelessly". Cao Pi quoted Hu Chong's Wu Li, saying, "Sun Quan is rewarded with classical works and poems in plain calligraphy, and Zhang Zhao is summoned with paper books". According to Wei Zhi's records, Wuzi in the fourth year of Taihe, Wei Mingdi once "carved a stone outside the temple with Wendi Canon" and a university student, with six monuments. It shows that Cao Pi himself and his descendants attach great importance to this Dian Lun. The whole Dian Lun was probably lost in the Song Dynasty. Today, there is only one autobiography and this paper. In this paper, Cao Pi criticized the view of despising literature since the Han Dynasty, pointed out that literature should enjoy an independent status, and put forward his own literary ideas. It involves: the value of literature, the personality and style of writers, the style and attitude of literary criticism, and so on. Cao Pi raised the value of literature to an unprecedented height, pointing out that it is a "great undertaking of statecraft and an immortal event" and placed literature in a position alongside achievements. This is the supplement, perfection and development of the traditional Confucian thought of "making contributions for virtue, making contributions second, and speaking again", which enriches the content of "speaking", thus highlighting the "politician" role and "immortal" significance of literature. On the issue of writer's personality, Cao Pi put forward a famous thesis that "writing is based on qi" and made a concrete discussion. The theory of "Wen Qi" originated from this, and gradually developed into an important category in China's classical literary theory, which had a great influence on later generations. On the issue of style, Cao Pi put forward the viewpoint that "the prose is the same, but not the same at the end", indicating that all styles have the same principles and things in common, as well as specific laws and different requirements. We should not only study their general laws, but also pay attention to their different characteristics. Cao Pi grasped the relationship between "beginning" and "end" to talk about stylistic problems, which had dialectical views and corrected the one-sided understanding of predecessors, and was very original. Stylistic studies of later generations, such as Lu Ji's Wen Fu, Zhi Yu's On Separation of Articles, Li Chong's On Hanlin and Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long, generally began from that time. Regarding the attitude of literary criticism, Tian criticized two wrong tendencies based on reality, one is "attaching importance to the far and neglecting the near, and the other is" scholars despise each other, which is natural since ancient times ". Both of them have the function of criticizing reality, and at the same time they are quite general. Therefore, Dian Lun Wen, which has been quoted by people for more than 1000 years, has a high position in the history of China's literary criticism. Among them, some basic problems about literature are discussed. Although they are outlined and not fully developed, they have great influence on later generations. When commenting on Cao Pi's talent, Liu Xie said that "Yuefu is clear and clear, and Dian Lun distinguishes" (Wen Xin Diao Long Cai Lu Pian), and it is very accurate to summarize the characteristics of Dian Wen with the word "Bian Yao". This is an important milestone in the history of China's literary criticism. (Wu Xiaoping)