Problem description:
Hello, I am a foreign student.
I just started learning Tang Poetry, but I don't know much about it, which is too strange.
I have a few questions about "Tang poetry". Please do me a favor. thank you
Analysis:
Wang Wei was a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He comes from a Confucian family and is proficient in painting rhythm. Known as "the best writing and painting". There are more than 400 poems handed down from generation to generation in his life, especially pastoral poems. He Ling in the prosperous Tang Dynasty commented on Wang Wei's "beautiful words and long sounds" and pointed out that his poems are full of paintings. Su Shi, a writer in the Song Dynasty, commented on Wang Wei's "paintings in poems" in Dongpo Linzhi, which incisively and accurately summarized the distinctive artistic characteristics of Wang Wei's landscape poems.
Wang Wei's landscape poems serve as a link between the past and the future, pushing landscape poems from their heyday to their prosperity, and further developing China's landscape poems. This paper discusses them from two aspects: artistic achievement and artistic style.
1. Wang Wei's pastoral poems are not only picturesque and elegant in Ming Xiu, but also profound in artistic conception. His artistic achievements mainly include the following three aspects.
(A) "Painting in Poetry" means painting in poetry.
"There is a picture in the poem, and there is a poem in the picture". This is where Su Shi highly praised the achievements of Wang Wei's landscape poems. Wang Wei observes the objective world with the eyes of poets and painters. With his unique sensitivity to nature and skillful application of painting theory, he carefully cut out the most distinctive scenery in nature and wrote it down in the form of poems. With poetry and painting, landscape poetry and landscape painting permeate each other and blend into one. The beauty of color and modeling in his landscape works can also fully express the expression of landscape in the short time and space, and inject people's temperament, personality and spirit into the natural scenery, thus making his poems both vivid and vivid.
For example, the artistic conception of Wang Wei's early poem Peach Blossom is embodied by images. "From a distance, there are clouds and trees, and thousands of families are hidden among flowers and bamboos." "The woodcutter told him their names in ancient Chinese, and these people all wore clothes from the Qin Dynasty." "Spring is full of peach blossoms, and I don't know where the gods come from." And so on, the display of images creates the artistic conception of poetry, arouses readers' imagination, plays with things outside that picture, and obtains the feeling of beauty from it.
Another example is Wang Wei's later masterpiece of landscape poetry "Chai Lu": "There seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I hear a voice. The sun enters a forest and shines on me from the green moss". It describes the quiet scenery of the empty mountains and deep forests near Chai Lu in the evening, and describes the loneliness, silence and darkness of the empty mountains. It is precisely because of his unique painter and musician's sensitivity to color and sound that the poet grasped the unique quiet realm shown by the bell of the empty mountain man and the deep forest.
Look at Wang Wei's "Mount Zhongnan". "Its huge height is close to the paradise city, and even the mountains are as far as the sea. When I looked back, the dark clouds were behind me, and Ai Qing couldn't see anything. A central peak divides the wilderness and the weather into many valleys and needs a place to spend the night. I called the woodcutter on the river. " In the first couplet, the poet described the majestic posture of Mount Zhongnan and the majestic momentum extending eastward to the sea, which gave people a strong impression of grandeur in the vigorous and upright momentum and the dialogue full of artistic imagination. However, this is an artistic summary of the poet's lofty tendency when he looks up to Zhong Nanshan. A Corner to the Sea describes the winding state of Zhong Nanshan and the ups and downs of mountain peaks, and summarizes the distant scene. When poets climbed Zhong Nanshan, they saw the changing beauty of clouds and smoke. The poet is in the mountains, looking forward, white clouds are everywhere, like clouds and mountains, and then he moves on. It also expresses the poet's surprise, joy and praise. In the dim joy, the poet climbed to the center of the mountain. At the moment, the mountains and valleys have their own shapes because of the different topography and positions, so as to set off the majestic posture of the peak.
All the above are Wang Wei's famous paintings, which is a great development of landscape poetry creation since the Six Dynasties. It incorporates the artist's ingenuity, grasps the essence of the beauty of natural mountains and rivers, and achieves the spirit likeness, overcoming the shortcomings of complex representation and trivial description. Wang Wei broke through the way of recording and describing landscape poets, and used painting to enter poetry, making landscape poetry full of vivid poetic beauty.
(B) "Similar in form and spirit" ethereal beauty
Wang Wei's landscape poems not only inherit the advantages of Xie Lingyun's meticulous brushwork, but also pay attention to images and true feelings, which can make landscape poems leap from direct feeling and direct narration to fascinating ideological realm, that is, a new stage from "likeness" to "likeness", such as "Looking at the Han River", where three branches in the south reach Chu, nine streams meet Jingmen, and this river runs through the world, and the mountains are both drunk and not drunk. . "This poem shows us an ink landscape painting with simple color, fresh style and beautiful artistic conception. The layout of the picture is coordinated with each other, and the density is alternating. In addition, using simplicity to control complexity, using freehand brushwork to describe form, using light ink and optimistic artistic conception give people beautiful enjoyment. The poet exaggerates the connection between Hanshui River and Sanxiang Nine Schools, and the rivers outside are similar.
Influenced by his mother, Wang Wei absorbed the detachment of Zen and observed the world from the perspective of Buddhism. "The mountains and rivers are in the sky, and the world is in the Dharma." At the same time, he regards the "emptiness" and "silence" of Buddhism as the destination of life. Therefore, his poems, especially the collection of Wangchuan written in his later period, show an "ethereal realm", which is exactly what he did.
(C) the sound of harmony and unity beauty
Wang Wei has a special musical accomplishment. When writing landscape poems, he can feel and grasp the natural sounds of mountains and rivers more keenly than others. He can express it vividly through elegant and poetic language. Please look at his landscape poem "Birds Singing in the Stream":
People are idle and sweet-scented osmanthus falls, and the night is quiet and empty.
The full moon is full of surprises, and the sound is in the spring stream.
In the silent spring night forest, the sweet-scented osmanthus of the four seasons falls silently, and suddenly a bright moon breaks through the clouds, and the soft moonlight fills the whole forest. The mountain birds awakened by the moonlight sing in the mountain stream, which is particularly crisp. The poet vividly shows the silence of the spring mountain and the moonlight night with the dynamics of falling flowers and the sound of birds singing.
Another example is "Pastoral Work in Spring":
Spring pigeons are singing in the room, and apricot blossoms are white at the edge of the village. Chop the sky with an axe and hoe the spring pulse.
Back to Yan's lair, the old people look at the new calendar. When they are in a hurry, they will feel dissatisfied and travel far.
In this poem, the singing of spring pigeons, the whispering of swallows, the "Kan Kan" cut by an axe and the "Qiangtang" cut by a hoe are interwoven into a melodious spring sonata: dazzling white apricot flowers are in full bloom, pigeons are singing and dancing, farmers are busy managing water with mulberry ... A picture of rural customs full of spring is vividly displayed before our eyes. In this secular picture full of local life, although the whole picture is always in a faint tone, it becomes much more lively with the sound of songbirds, which makes readers realize the philosophy of life that "the east wind changes the years in the dark" in the double sense of sight and hearing. This is to highlight the dynamics of the images in the rendered picture through sound and convey a positive and healthy mental state.
As can be seen from the above examples of poetry, the poet not only integrates musical skills into poetry, but also conveys the poet's mood through the characteristics of a certain voice, revealing the ethereal and clever relationship between man and nature. There is a saying in the Book of Rites: "Musicians, the source of sound, are people's feelings about things." Different sounds will produce different feelings. In order to express the vitality and leap of natural ecology, different acoustics are deliberately played on the heartstrings to express their different artistic conception. This is Wang Wei's landscape poems deliberately depicting the poetry and charm brought by natural acoustics.
Second, the above are the artistic achievements of Wang Wei's landscape poems, and the styles of Wang Wei's poems are also diverse.
Poetry critics have made many comments on the style of Wang Wei's landscape poems. The artistic style of poetry is closely related to the poet's thoughts, feelings, personality, aesthetic hobbies, artistic conception and the expression and expression of artistic conception. Natural beauty and elegance are the most prominent artistic styles of Wang Wei's poems. This style is mainly reflected in the poet's landscape poems that reflect the interest of secluded life. Please look at the poem Living in the Mountains in Autumn:
The empty mountain after the rain stands in the autumn evening.
Moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream.
When the bamboo goes back to the girl, the lotus leaves the ship.
My friend's prince, what does it matter if spring is over and you are still here? .
This poem describes the scenery of the mountain village after the rain on an autumn night. It is natural to write casually. In this poem, the cool autumn after the rain on an empty mountain, the bright moon on a pine tree, the sound of clear spring flowing on a stone, the laughter of girls who came back from washing gauze in a bamboo forest, and the mode of a small fishing boat crossing the lotus flower slowly are all harmoniously and perfectly intertwined, like a fresh and beautiful audio picture scroll and a quiet and beautiful lyric poem. We seem to be breathing.
There are the following verses:
Wood dust hibiscus flowers, red calyx in the mountains. Streams and families are lonely, open and fall down one after another. (Wu Xinyi)
I leaned alone in the dense bamboo, playing the pipa and humming, and my voice was too low for anyone to hear except my partner Mingyue. (Zhulou)
All the above works are true, unpretentious, unpretentious, frank and simple, fresh and natural. So is the style of Wang Wei's poems.
There are both light and natural styles, vigorous and vigorous, majestic and vigorous, magnificent and graceful, simple and handsome, beautiful and Leng Yan, etc., such as "Making the Frontier":
Bike wants to ask questions, and it is a country that has lived for a long time.
When the account is collected, the geese return to the lake field.
The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen.
While Xiao Guan was waiting to ride a horse, he was guarded by Ran Yan.
The poet focuses his pen and ink on what he is best at winning the competition-writing landscapes. The author went out in the spring. On the way, he saw several rows of geese returning to the north. The poet made a metaphor at the scene, comparing himself to a wild goose, which is both narrative and natural. In particular, the couplets of "the desert is lonely and the long river sets the yen" write the strange and magnificent scenery outside the frontier fortress after entering it. The picture is open and the artistic conception is magnificent.
Another example is "children's travel":
Xinfeng wine fights a thousand, Xianyang ranger for many years.
When you meet, you will drink for the king.
This poem is full of romanticism, because it depicts the high morale of young rangers. Poems such as Joining the Army and Yanzhi are also frontier poems with romantic pride.
There are many poems in this series of styles, so I won't give examples here.
In a word, Wang Wei's landscape poems have high aesthetic value, which expands the development space of poetry art and makes immortal contributions to the maturity and innovation of China's poetry art.