Aesthetic psychology includes attention, perception, association, imagination, emotion, understanding and so on. They interact with each other, interact with each other and penetrate each other, and there is a subtle and complicated relationship between them. Sometimes it is done in an instant, but
contains various elements of aesthetic psychology, and various psychological factors play an active role in it.
First, pay attention to
1. Directivity: selectivity, selecting things that need to be perceived and recognized from many things.
2. Concentration:
Concentrate all the psychological elements of the subject on the selected things.
People put aside
other things for a period of time and concentrate on reflecting a specific thing clearly.
(
eg.
At the beginning of the 2th century, British psychologist Bloch's "theory of distance"
thought that the reason for the formation of aesthetic feeling was that the subject
kept a moderate "psychological distance" from the object, and neither too far nor too close could produce aesthetic pleasure.
too close: a loud warning from an old English woman watching Hamlet
too far: when appreciating painting or sculpture, "estimating how much it is worth" failed to enter the aesthetic psychology of artistic appreciation.
There are two kinds of attention in psychology,
intentional attention and unintentional attention.
Intentional attention is often used in art appreciation activities, and
various psychological activities are kept active.
(
eg.
Sichuan opera "Qiu Jiang" depicts that Chen Miao, a nun who thinks of nothing but going down the mountain, often goes down the river in the boat of the old man
, and no scene actually leads to dizziness)
)
Second, perception
Feeling means that objective things directly act on people's sensory organs,
in the human brain.
Feeling and perception are collectively called perception, feeling is the basis of perception, and perception is the depth of feeling. In art appreciation, the two are usually
intertwined and
*** play a role together.
Perception is holistic,
selective,
comprehensible and constant.
It is a more active psychological activity.
As aesthetic senses, human senses are mainly vision and hearing. The research results of modern psychology show that more than
85%
of the total information obtained by human perception comes from audio-visual senses. If the subject of appreciation wants to improve his artistic appreciation level,
first, he should gradually train and cultivate his keen artistic perception. Through a large number of excellent works of art at home and abroad, we can truly improve our artistic appreciation by repeatedly feeling
knowledge, experience and taste.
Third, association
Psychological association refers to the psychological process of "thinking from one thing to another.
"
includes,
1
, thinking of another related thing from the currently perceived thing.
(When the glacier thaws, I think of winter and spring)
2
, I think of another thing from what I have already thought of.
(If you think of winter leaving and spring coming, everything will revive)
Association classification: close association, similar association, comparative association, causal association, free association and controlled association.
(
eg.
German psychologist Ebbinghaus used experimental methods to study people's advanced psychological activities and founded modern idealistic psychology.
)
Association plays an important role in aesthetic psychology.
Association not only makes the artistic image more vivid, but also enriches the perceived image content.
Therefore, art appreciation activities do not just stay on the direct feeling of the perceptual form of artistic works.
Instead, they can feel the richer internal meaning contained in the perceptual form more deeply.
(
eg.
music,
landscape painting,
ancient poetry
(figurative,
dramatic technique) film (montage)
montage: By influencing the audience's emotions, it can stimulate the audience's association and enlighten the audience's thinking, so that the film has
. The classification is as follows:
equality montage, the psychological basis is similar association.
Contrast montage, contrast association, opposition or contrast of different images to strengthen the psychological impact of the new film.
Lenovo has similar association and comparative association.
As a positive psychological factor, association is influenced by subjective conditions such as life experience, cognitive ability and emotion
.
IV. Imagination
As an aesthetic recreation activity, the subject of appreciation is not passively accepting, but actively recreating the artistic image by using
imagination and other psychological functions.
Imagination,
refers to the process that the human brain processes and transforms the existing representation to create a new image.
the basic material of imagination is
representation, but the representation of imagination is different from that of memory.
the fundamental difference between human labor and animal instinctive behavior lies in the appearance of producing expected results with the help of imagination.
any process of labor
must include imagination. It is an essential aspect of art, design, science, literature, music and any creative activity.
There are both connections and differences between imagination in art appreciation activities and imagination in art creation activities. The reasons for the original
are as follows:
As imagination, both of them are leap-forward, not limited by time and space, with endless changes, initiative and creativity. However, the imagination of the appreciator must be based on the imagination of the artist, and the imagination of the appreciator must be based on the works of art
, which can only be galloped in the scope and situation stipulated by the works, and the works of art play a role of
regulation, guidance and restriction on the imagination of appreciation activities.
Psychology divides imagination into:
The process of recreating imagination, and recreating corresponding new images in the mind according to language description or graphic and audio signals.
the process of creating imagination and creating new images independently without reference to ready-made descriptions.
Art appreciation activities mainly focus on recreating imagination, but also contain some creative imagination.
(
eg.
Li Bai's poems; Plastic arts such as painting and sculpture, using the imagination of turning static into dynamic; Qi Baishi's shrimp, Xu Bei
Hong's horse; Dramatic art, stage art, traditional opera, virtual imagination, showing whipping and paddling.
)
Film and television art: The Thirteen Men, directed by the Soviet Union, crossed the desert to find reinforcements.
Music art, though unique in image, is uncertain and abstract. World-famous music provides the audience with the basic content of
music and the basic direction of imagination, and gives the audience tips and guidance.
literature and art, Wang Guowei's "the desert is lonely and the smoke is straight, and the long river sets the yen"
V. Emotion
Strong emotional experience
is the most remarkable
feature that distinguishes aesthetic activities from scientific activities and moral consciousness activities.
Psychologists call people's unique complex social emotions advanced emotions, which are divided into three types: moral sense, aesthetic sense and
rational sense.
Emotion is a special form of people's reaction to objective reality,
it is a complex psychological reflection on whether objective things meet people's needs, and it is an attitude of the subject towards the object. The root of people's emotions lies in extremely diverse natural < P > and cultural needs.
Many aestheticians at home and abroad believe that aesthetic psychology is a combination of attention, perception, association, imagination, emotion, understanding and other psychological factors. They are not mechanically added or simply regulated, but through the intermediary of emotion, forming an organic and unified aesthetic psychology. Emotional activities in art appreciation, based on attention and perception, are inseparable from association and imagination, and show haircuts in sensibility through understanding factors and accumulate sensibility in rationality.
1.
In art appreciation, emotion is always based on attention and perception. According to psychology, people's emotions are always
directed at specific objects. There is no emotion for no reason in the world. People often
"touch the scene"
in daily life, and this is also the case in art appreciation.
(
eg.
(Southern Qi Dynasty) Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long"
"Climbing
the mountain is full of feelings,
watching the sea is full of meaning.
”
）
。 In fact,
any reader,
audience or listener's perception and acceptance of artistic image will be influenced by emotion in the appreciation of art
. At the same time, artistic perception under the influence of specific feelings < P > will act on emotions and cause deeper emotional activities.
2.
Secondly, emotion in art appreciation is inseparable from association and imagination.
On the one hand, association and imagination are often influenced by the emotion of the subject of appreciation.
On the other hand, this association and imagination will further strengthen and deepen emotions. Therefore, association and
imagination in appreciation are always mediated by emotion.
(
butterfly lovers's Violin Concerto)
3.
In addition, in the psychology of art appreciation, emotion and understanding are also closely related. Psychology believes that people's
emotions are directly related to people's understanding and hardness of things, especially for the
high-level emotions such as aesthetic feeling and moral sense, "evaluation, judgment and viewpoint are necessarily included in the feelings
". Therefore, these emotions are permeated with rational factors.
Tess of the D 'urbervilles
Only when the subject of appreciation has a deeper understanding of the content and meaning of the work, can he
have a deeper understanding of the feelings conveyed by the work, thus reaching the level of emotional peak experience in art appreciation.
Obviously,
emotion plays a very important role in aesthetic and artistic psychology,
especially, it interacts with other psychological factors and plays a leading role in it.
VI. Understanding
The factors of understanding in the psychology of art appreciation do not exist alone, but are widely permeated in psychological activities such as perception, emotion and thinking
, and * * * together constitute a complete aesthetic psychological process. Therefore, the understanding factors in aesthetic psychology are different from the usual logical thinking, but often appear as if they reach the understanding of artistic works directly without thinking.
Understanding is a kind of thinking activity to gradually know the connection and relationship of things until you know their essence and laws. Understanding package
includes direct understanding and indirect understanding.
direct understanding: there is no intermediary thinking involved, but the individual's understanding is realized through current personal experience;
indirect understanding: understanding achieved through a series of analysis, synthesis, abstract generalization and other
intermediate thinking by borrowing previous experience and individual's past experience.
the understanding in aesthetic and artistic activities is often characterized by direct comprehension, which is manifested as an experience of getting the message, which is unspeakable
. Therefore, the understanding in art appreciation is mainly based on direct understanding, and to some extent, indirect understanding is also involved. In art appreciation, it must be the combination of emotional experience and appreciation judgment, and the combination of perceptual factors and rational factors < P >.
The understanding factor in artistic aesthetic psychology has three meanings:
First, the appreciation of the content of artistic works is inseparable from the understanding factor.
(Da Vinci's Last Supper
) People must
use their own life experience and cultural knowledge to understand the content of the work.
A Dream of Red Mansions
Secondly, the appreciation of the form of artistic works is inseparable from understanding factors.
(Procedures and Techniques of Peking Opera)
Finally, and most importantly, the understanding of the inner meaning and profound philosophy of each artistic work
cannot be separated from the understanding factors. In China's aesthetics, works of art often pursue a kind of implication
, implication
or implication
. In western aesthetics, works of art often pursue "implication, implication and philosophy"