In the poem "A Message from Dongting Lake" by Premier Zhang, Dongting Lake, which was originally intended to express ideas, was painted as a splash-ink landscape in large quantities, which showed the vast and magnificent landscape of Dongting Lake in 800 miles, and achieved amazing artistic effects, making this poem actually a masterpiece of landscapes. The following is the teaching plan of "A Message from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang" compiled by Shanghai Education Edition for your reference.
The Teaching Purpose of A Letter from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang Shanghai Education Edition Teaching Plan 1
1. Stimulate students' interest in reading and appreciating poetry, guide students to master the methods of appreciating poetry initially, and gradually cultivate students' overall ability to perceive works.
2. Understand the feelings expressed by the poet in five poems, learn some different expressions in the poems, and understand the profound artistic appeal of these poems.
3. Understand the literary knowledge related to these poems.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
Teaching focus
1. The method of grasping and feeling poetry as a whole.
2. The cultivation of language sense and the study of expression skills.
Teaching difficulties:
Students lack a certain understanding of the writing background of the works, which brings certain difficulties to the overall understanding of the works.
Teaching process:
First, guide the design.
Tao Yuanming's poem "Drinking" is like our tour group enjoying an idyllic scenery managed by Tao Yuanming and enjoying its unique flavor. Today, we continue to go to two peaks in the history of China literature-Tang poetry and Song poetry. These two peaks are lush and beautiful, and the beautiful scenery makes tourists dizzying. Because time is tight, we focus on Meng Haoran and Fan Zhongyan in these two landscape paintings, and we can also see Li Bai and Bai Juyi at a glance. Students, do you agree?
(Commentary: This lead not only aroused students' interest in learning, but also explained the teaching arrangement of this class, and also aroused everyone's thinking and imagination. )
Second, solve the problem.
Zhang Shu from Dongting Lake to Prime Minister was written in the 21st year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (733), when Meng Haoran was still a hermit. He went west to Chang 'an, unwilling to be lonely, and wanted to come out to do things, but he didn't recommend it, so he wrote this poem to Zhang Jiuling, who was in the prime minister at that time, hoping to get the appreciation and appointment of Zhang. So, this is a dry poem. "Ganyi" means: If you want something from others, please satisfy them.
Fan Zhongyan lived in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his main border troubles were Liao and Xixia. From 1040 to 1043, Fan Zhongyan was appointed as Shaanxi economic assistant envoy to resist the invasion of Xixia. In the meantime, he wrote several "Pride of the Fisherman" and wrote about the hardships of the border town. This is the only one left today. In the text, the tragic atmosphere of frontier fortress is rendered, and the feelings of missing hometown and the will to resist intrusion and consolidate frontier defense are expressed. This word is the first frontier poem. Its style is desolate and tragic, and its feelings are deep and gloomy. Sweeping away the soft and boneless style of Huajian Ci School has become the pioneering work of Su Shi and Xin Qiji's unrestrained school.
The Teaching Purpose of A Letter from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang Shanghai Education Edition Teaching Plan II
1, master the commonly used classical Chinese word "ACTS", understand the theme of poetry, and summarize the "Dongting Lake scene" with appropriate words.
2. Read it repeatedly, feel the beauty of the neat rhythm of rhyme, and recite it on the basis of understanding.
3. Understand the poet's spirit of "recommending himself implicitly and euphemistically" and encourage students to "bravely show themselves and their talents".
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
Understand the main idea of poetry, especially the four lines of "euphemism and self-recommendation"
Teaching assumption
1. Students talk about the lake they saw. It leads to Meng Haoran's description of Dongting Lake.
2. Read it three times by yourself and understand the meaning of each poem against your notes.
The blackboard reads: "Letter from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang"
meng haoran
3. Find out the poems that describe "Dongting Lake" in detail, and guide the students to sum them up in one word:
Here in the Eighth-month the waters of the lake here is like a mirror, and the lake is calm.
Water and the sky are the same color, and water and the sky are connected.
The fog in Yungu and Menggu is dense and foggy.
It has been bothering Yueyang City-the lake is choppy.
4. The above is the poem "Looking at Dongting Lake from afar", so what does the title "To Prime Minister Zhang" mean? Did you write about Prime Minister Zhang in your poem?
By analyzing the meaning of the last four sentences, we can realize that "angler" refers to people who enter the official career, especially Prime Minister Zhang, and "Zhouzhou" refers to the way to introduce their official career.
Breakthrough: "I'm sitting here watching a fisherman casting, who has the feeling of a fisherman" is "fisherman" or "envious of fishing"
(1) There are two viewpoints, and find out the reasons to support them.
(2) Under normal circumstances, the opinions of the two factions are still deadlocked because of insufficient reasons.
(3) At this time, the teacher briefly introduces the author of Meng Haoran, prompting students to think about the direction.
problem solving
Zhang Shu from Dongting Lake to Prime Minister was written in the 21st year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (733), when Meng Haoran was still a hermit. He went west to Chang 'an, unwilling to be lonely, and wanted to come out to do things, but he didn't recommend it, so he wrote this poem to Zhang Jiuling, who was in the prime minister at that time, hoping to get the appreciation and appointment of Zhang. So, this is a dry poem. "Ganyi" means: If you want something from others, please satisfy them.
About the author: Meng Haoran (689-740), a native of Xiangyang, was one of the representatives of the pastoral school in the Tang Dynasty, also known as Wang Wei, who lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In his early years, he studied hard at home. At the age of 40, he went to Chang 'an, eager to be an official. However, his trip to Chang 'an failed to get an official position. In addition to winning a reputation in poetry, he returned to his hometown in frustration and wandered in wuyue. In the 25th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (737), Zhang Jiuling was exiled by Li, and was demoted as the secretariat of Jingzhou by the right prime minister. This poem was written by Meng Haoran appointed by Zhang Jiuling in Jingzhou to Zhang Jiuling.
(3) Draw a conclusion: I envy fishing. The "angler" here refers to an official who has entered the official career, expressing his desire to be an official, but suffering from no recommendation, hoping to get Zhang Jiuling's help.
5. Read aloud repeatedly and try to recite.
Homework: Critically study the poet's "spirit of implicit self-recommendation" and encourage students to dare to "recommend themselves".
Meng Haoran, an ancient man, recommended himself implicitly and tactfully. As modern people, we should bravely recommend ourselves, like the ancients, bravely show our advantages, bravely show our talents and bravely say: I can do it! .
Appreciation of Poems Written by Premier Zhang from Message from Dongting Lake
Looking at Dongting Lake from afar —— addressed to Premier Zhang
meng haoran
The autumn water rises and almost blends with the shore, mixing water and sky with the sky.
Ozawa's water vapor transpiration on the cloud soil is white, and the waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang.
I'm going to cross the water to find a boat and paddle. It's a shame to return home in the sacred age.
Sitting around watching other people's hard river fishing can only envy the fish caught in the fish.
This is a dry poem. In the 21st year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (733), Meng Haoran traveled to Chang 'an and wrote this poem as a gift to Zhang Jiuling at that time. The purpose is to gain Zhang's appreciation and appointment, but only to maintain his own identity, writing so euphemistically, trying to annihilate the traces of the dry bow.
Autumn water is rising, and Dongting Lake is full in August, almost flush with the shore. Looking from a distance, water and sky are one color, and Dongting Lake is connected with the sky. In the first two sentences, Dongting Lake is very cheerful and muddy. Wang Yang is vast, connected with the sky, with lush flowers and trees, which can accommodate large and small rivers.
Three or four sentences about the lake. The sentence "steaming" is about the rich accumulation of lakes, as if the vast swamp area has been nourished by lakes, which makes it look so lush and lush. The word "wave shake" is placed on "Yueyang city", which sets off the turmoil of the surging lake and is also very imposing. In people's eyes, this lakeside city seems to crouch uneasily under its feet and become extremely small. These two sentences are called famous sentences describing Dongting Lake. But there are still differences between the two sentences: the first sentence uses a broad plane to set off the vastness of the lake, and the second sentence uses a narrow three-dimensional to reflect the momentum of the lake. Dongting Lake described by the poet is not only vast, but also full of vitality.
The following four sentences become lyrical. "I want to go there, but I can't find the boat" is triggered by the scenery in front of me. Facing the vast lake, the poet thought he was still in the wild, but no one took the lead in finding the way, just as he wanted to cross the lake without a boat. "I am more ashamed to be idle than you politicians" means that in this era of "enlightened" peace and prosperity, I am not willing to be idle and want to do something. These two sentences are a formal confession to Prime Minister Zhang, indicating that although he is a hermit at present, he is unwilling to do so. He still yearns for the official position, but he still can't find a way.
So let's go one step further and call on Prime Minister Zhang. "angler" refers to the person in power at that time, but it is actually for Prime Minister Zhang. These last two sentences mean: Mr. Zhang, who is in power, I admire you for coming out to preside over state affairs, but as an opposition person, I can't stay with you and work for you, so I can only admire you for nothing. In these words, the poet skillfully used the old saying that "it is better to retreat and build a net" ("Huai Nan Zi said Xun Lin"), which is another renovation; And "fishing" also happens to take care of the "lake", so there is no trace, but it is not difficult to understand his mood of asking for quotations.
As a dry poem, the most important thing is to write it properly and praise the other party for being measured and not losing his identity. The wording should be neither supercilious nor condescending, which is the first-class writing. This poem is tactful, unconventional and has its own artistic characteristics.
Further reading: message from Dongting Lake Premier Zhang answers readers' questions
The autumn water rises and almost blends with the shore, mixing water and sky with the sky.
Ozawa's water vapor transpiration on the cloud soil is white, and the waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang.
I'm going to cross the water to find a boat and paddle. It's a shame to return home in the sacred age.
Sitting around watching other people's hard river fishing can only envy the fish caught in the fish.
Precautions:
Lake surface: In August, the Yangtze River rose and the lake overflowed, flush with the shore.
Ping: This means that the lake rises in autumn and the water surface is flush with the shore.
H: Tolerance, tolerance.
Virtual: void, that is, the sky.
Taiqing: Taoism says that the sky is too clear.
Steam steaming: water vapor transpiration.
Yun Mengze: that is, the ancient cloud dream. Yun Ze is in Jiangbei, Mengze is in Jiangnan, and most of them are silted up. This refers to Dongting Lake.
Shake: shake. This means slapping.
1, improper interpretation of this poem "One is (b)
In the empty sentence of Ahan, it means that the sky is too clear, and mixed words are used to write the scenery of water and sky.
B you can cross the river if you want to help, which means that the lake is big and the waves are high, but you can't cross the river if you want to help.
In the C-end sentence, the end house is a leisure house, and the sage refers to the peaceful and prosperous times at that time.
D in the last two sentences, I borrowed an old saying, settle for the second best and build a net.
2. One of the improper analysis of this poem is (c)
The first four sentences describe the scenery, and the last four sentences are lyrical, which shows Premier Zhang's intention.
B couplets are famous sentences describing Dongting Lake. The first sentence shows grandeur by steaming, and the next sentence shows momentum by shaking waves.
C 3。 Thinking about crossing a boat and fishing without fish can't express his grief and indignation that he was born with a heart but no one appreciated him.
Poetry D expresses the hope of being introduced by Zhang Jiuling, but it is very tactful and implicit in the use of language.
3. What kind of picture does the first couplet depict?
In August and autumn, the lake is full and round, flush with the shore; From a distance, the smoke waves are vast, the water and the sky are the same, and they are integrated. The scene is spectacular.
4. the taste is steaming.
Steam is transpiration, giving people a sense of dynamic prosperity; The word "shake" was like a thunderbolt, which blew Yueyang City to pieces. These two tempered words, by static contrast, highlight the vitality of Dongting Lake.
5. A mist from Yunmeng Canyon and Yueyang City has always troubled the harmonious face of Dongting Lake. (2 points)
6. How does this poem express the author's thoughts and feelings? (2 points)
7. The couplet at the end of the poem, like I am sitting here watching a fisherman throw a fish, has a feeling of being a fish, which means that watching others fish, you can only have a feeling of being a fish for nothing. The metaphor here is self, and the implication is that. (2 points)
8. There are also two sentences, Cloud Valley, Meng and Yueyang City, which are excellent in brushwork and deeply appreciated by future generations. Please give a brief evaluation. (3 points)
Answer:
5. Magnificent.
If you want to be an official for your country, you are eager to be introduced.
7. Want to be an official and there is no way, I hope Premier Zhang Can will help me (***2 points. 65438 each space +0 points, indicating close)
8. Yunmeng Ozawa is steaming, and the waves of Dongting Lake shake Yueyang City. Through the use of duality, it shows the spectacular scene and majestic momentum of Dongting Lake. ((**3 points. Just closed)
Reading exercise 2:
7. Too clear in the poem means the sky. (2 points)
8. The following understanding is correct (2 points) D.
The Lake in August here is about the calm water surface of Dongting Lake.
Described the crumbling scene of Yueyang city.
C, the last two couplets express the author's desire to send his feelings to the mountains and rivers and retire to the countryside.
D. The whole poem euphemistically expresses the author's political ambition to show his talents.
9. What are the main artistic features of this poem? Please analyze it in detail. (3 points)
10, please enjoy the "River Map of Yunmeng Mountain" by Yueyang No.1. (3 points)
1 1. This poem and Du Fu's "Climbing the Yueyang Tower" are both lyric poems with the theme of sightseeing. What's the difference between expressing feelings? (2 points)
Answer:
(9) The main artistic feature of this poem is the use of metaphor. The first half of the poem is about Dongting Lake, not only to deduct the topic and write about the magnificence of Dongting Lake, but also to be excited and pave the way for expressing the theme of seeking recommendation for employment. The second half is mainly used to describe the way of getting started and being an official. Hint at officials with anglers; Use a fish to compare the yearning for official career; There are fish in the forest, so it is better to retreat and form a net, which implies the intention of seeking an official.
(10) This exaggerated combination describes the magnificent scene of Dongting Lake. A flat, a mixed, a steamed, a shake will Dongting Lake vast, boundless, wanton Wang Yang's huge image, beautifully written, full of vitality. The rich accumulation of the lake is steamed out, as if the vast Yunmengze was nourished by Dongting Lake, shaking out the surging momentum of Dongting Lake.
(1 1) This poem expresses that he wants to be hired, to show his political ambitions and to be introduced. Du Fu's "Climbing Yueyang Tower" is an elegy, which shows the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and the people in poverty and illness.
Reading exercise 3:
1. The genre of this poem is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (1min). The use of allusions and clever metaphors in the poem reveals the theme of the whole poem: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (2 points).
2. The allusions borrowed at the end of the whole poem have become idioms in modern Chinese. It is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and now it means: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (2 points).
3. Please briefly talk about your understanding of transfer. (2 points)
4. What rhetorical devices are used in the description of this poem? What does the author want to express in the sentence "I want to cross, but I can't find a boat related to the whole poem" (3 points)
Reference answer
1, when I sit here and watch a fisherman casting a five-character poem, just like a fish.
Mr. Lin Yuan said that if you don't want to do practical things, you won't achieve your goal.
3. The couplets depict the magnificent momentum of Dongting Lake from three aspects: vision, hearing and touch, which is very artistic. In particular, the steamed characters show the rich savings of Dongting Lake, and the shaking characters set off the magnificent Dongting Lake.
4. exaggeration. I want to swim across Dongting Lake, but I don't have a boat. I want to be an official but no one introduces me, suggesting that the author wants to be quoted by the other party.
Reading exercise 4:
1, talk about the expression effect of mixed characters in "Being One with Heaven".
A: The image of mixed characters aptly describes the vast water potential of the lake and the magnificent atmosphere of connection with the sky.
2. Describe the scenery of Yunmeng Valley and Yueyang City in your own language.
A: Water vapor transpiration covers the vast Yunmengze area. The waves are surging, and Yueyang Tower seems to be shaking uneasily.
From the last two couplets of this poem, we can get a glimpse of the poet's mind.
A: I am not willing to be idle in the peaceful and prosperous times, so I am eager to be an official and to be quoted.
4. What is the expression in the last two sentences of this poem? What's the role?
A: use allusions; This is a metaphor that there is no way to be an official. The implication is that I hope Prime Minister Zhang Can will help me.
Reading exercise 5
The following poem describes the scenery of Dongting Lake (2 points)
A. upstream and downstream of the river, it loses momentum. B. Xiangjiang River is wide and bitter bamboo grows in the west.
C. There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, which shows that heaven and earth float endlessly. D. Tianmen breaks the Chu River and Higashi Shimizu flows to this back.
Please describe the pictures in the underlined sentences in your own words. (2 points)
⑶ Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings by combining the last two sentences of the poem. (2 points)
Reference answer:
( 1)C
(2) Yunmeng Ozawa is steaming, and the waves of Dongting Lake shake Yueyang City. (or: endless white clouds and dreams, steaming water and surging waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang City. ) (just right)
(3) It shows the poet's thoughts and feelings that he is willing to serve the country and make a difference (or wants to be an official but has no way) (1), hoping to get the help and recommendation of Prime Minister Zhang (1, which means right).
Translation:
In August, Dongting Lake rose flat and full, and the vast lake was integrated with the sky. The steaming water vapor covers the vast Yunmeng Erze, and the waves in the lake beat the solid ancient city of Yueyang. I want to be an official, just like crossing a lake without a boat. Doing nothing in this enlightened world really makes me ashamed. Sitting on the shore watching the fishermen, I can't help feeling envious.
[Appreciation]
In the 25th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (737), Zhang Jiuling was exiled by Li, and was demoted as the secretariat of Jingzhou by the right prime minister. This poem was written by the poet Zhang Jiuling in Jingzhou. The first four sentences are famous sentences about Dongting Lake. The water level rose in August, and the lake was almost flat with the shore. Looking into the lake, water and the sky are connected, and they are mixed together, so they can't tell each other clearly, so mixing too clearly means the sky. But the water and sky on Dongting Lake are the same color, which is different from ordinary water and sky. The connection between water and sky, or water is water and sky is sky, is only an illusion caused by human vision. Here, water and sky are mixed, that is to say, water and sky are mixed indiscriminately. The gap between water and sky is already contained in the lake, so water and sky are mixed. And a mist emerged from Yunmeng Valley, and there was evaporated water vapor on the water surface, which contained vanity, and this water vapor also enveloped the whole Yunmengze. Guyun Mengze, north and south of Hubei, a dream in the south of the Yangtze River, a cloud in the north of the Yangtze River, and 900 miles in Fiona Fang, refers to the Dongting Lake area. Then the fourth sentence writes about the momentum of waves in Dongting Lake. Song Fan Zhiming's "Yueyang Local Records" said that Dongting rose in summer and autumn, and the waves were like drums, so it was said that Yueyang City had been besieged. Yueyang City is on the northeast bank of Dongting Lake, where Yueyang Tower is a scenic spot overlooking Dongting Lake. These four sentences outline the magnificent scene of Dongting Lake and the momentum of lake waves. The last four sentences are feelings. I have thought about the river, but I can't find a boat. The book of life: If you help a big river, treat you as a boat. In the face of Dongting Lake, there is no boat to cross, which means that I have made official achievements and no one has introduced me. How ashamed I am, I am more lazy than you politicians, living in a peaceful place, and my enlightenment is too ordinary. It is shameful to idle away and do nothing. Huainanzi Talking about Xun Lin: It's better to go home and weave a net than to fish by the river. At the end of the couplet, I said that I have the feelings of squid and hope that the other party will recommend me. The sentimental part of this poem is written implicitly, not directly for recommendation. The allusions used are closely combined with seeing Dongting Lake, which is very natural and has no trace of melting.
This poem summarizes the vast momentum of Dongting Lake in just four sentences, and writes the turbulent momentum of Dongting Lake. In expressing feelings, we should combine with the scenery and be subtle. Although there are demands, they do not show begging. In the description of scenery, the poet grasped the season when the water potential of Dongting Lake was great, and pointed out in August that the water potential was great and the beginning was simple and powerful. The second sentence summarizes the boldness of vision of Dongting Lake. The vastness of Dongting Lake is different from the general water and sky. It turned out to be too clear to contain the air, and the water vapor on the lake contained both the sky and the sky. This captures its characteristics and writes its great momentum. This is not enough, plus there is a mist coming out of Yunmeng Valley, and the transpiration water vapor covers Yunmengze in the north and south of the Yangtze River. This writing is not enough for the surging momentum of Dongting Lake.
Then, coupled with the embattled city of Yueyang, people feel that Yueyang is being shocked by the momentum of the waves, which fully illustrates the characteristics of Dongting Lake.
When it comes to expressing feelings, I am obviously asking for a recommendation, but I don't have a word of recommendation. But combined with the description of Dongting Lake, I want to cross more, but I can't find a boat to imply that he is sorry for this era if he doesn't come out to do things. The other party is the Prime Minister, and Zhou Zhen used this code very appropriately.
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