Description techniques are mainly divided into frontal description and profile description:
First, frontal description: directly describing the appearance, language, psychology and actions of the characters.
(1) Portrait description (appearance description): Revealing the identity, circumstances and social environment of the characters, vividly expressing the inner world and personality characteristics of the characters.
(2) action description (action description): it shows the mental outlook of the characters and directly reflects their personalities. It plays an important role in the description of characters. )
(3) language description: express the feelings of the characters, reflect their personality characteristics, and reflect the characteristics of their times.
(4) psychological description: it is the psychological activity of the characters in a specific environment. Reveal the character's heart and portray the character.
(5) expression description: it is a description of the facial expressions of the characters, which can show the psychology of the characters in profile, thus highlighting their personalities
Second, profile description: from the description and description of other characters and events, it exaggerates the atmosphere and sets off the characters' personalities, or describes the characters through other people's comments, that is, it uses the method of "setting the clouds above the moon" to write "reality" with "emptiness". So profile description is also called indirect description.
(1) description of environment
1. description of natural environment: setting off the mood of the characters; Render a certain atmosphere; Lead out the following or pave the way for the following; Point out the season, place and people; Show the relationship between characters; Express the character; Connecting the preceding with the following.
Writing scenery is one of the common contents in ancient poetry. By describing scenery, the author can render the atmosphere, express emotions, deepen the center and promote the plot development.
2. Description of social environment: In a narrow sense, social environment refers to the place, background and atmosphere of people's activities; Broadly speaking, it refers to the sum of social life and interpersonal relationships in a certain historical period.
(2) reactions and evaluations of people around.
Extended information:
Six description methods of ancient poetry
Writing scenery is one of the common contents in ancient poetry. By describing scenery, the author can render the atmosphere, express emotions, deepen the center and promote the plot development. Descriptive techniques are mainly divided into frontal description and lateral description, and there are six common descriptive appreciation angles in the college entrance examination:
(1) Lateral description-setting off
For example, Wang Mian's "Bai Mei" in the Yuan Dynasty, this body is in the forest of ice and snow, and different peaches and plums are mixed with fragrant dust. Suddenly, the breeze rose overnight, and it broke up as a dry spring in Wan Li.
This poem highlights the characteristics of plum blossom, which is cold-resistant, lofty and spring-welcoming. It mainly uses the methods of contrast and contrast. The contrast is a way to make B more prominent by describing A. Set-off is divided into set-off and contrast.
For example, in tianmu Mountain Ascended in a Dream, "The rooftop is 18, feet high, and which, just at this point, begins turning southeast" is used to set off the height of Tianmu. In Pipa Travel, and we saw the white autumnal moon enter the river's heart, the moon in the river, sets off the fascinating pipa sound and when the river widened mysteriously toward the full moon sets off the bleak mood of the characters.
(2) Various rhetorical devices
For example, Xin Qiji's "Touching the Fish": Chun Xi has gone to Hai, moved from Caohu, Hubei Province to Hunan Province, and Wang Zhengzhi, the same official, bought a small mountain pavilion to pay tribute. How many times can you save the wind and rain? In a hurry, spring returns. Cherish the spring long afraid of bloom early, how much more numerous. Spring and live, see said, there is no way back to the end of the world. Hating spring is silent. It is only diligent, drawing cobwebs and doing everything in Yogyakarta.
the main rhetorical methods used by the author in the process of lyric by borrowing scenery are questioning and analogy, and the rhetorical devices used in poetry are roughly the same as those used in other styles.
(3) positive description-combination of dynamic and static
For example, an autumn evening in the mountains by Wang Wei: after rain the empty mountain, stands autumnal in the evening. The bright moon sprinkled the clear light from the gap, clearing the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is loud and clear, the laundry girl comes back, the lotus leaf jiggle want to go up and down the canoe. The spring of spring may wish to let it rest, in autumn the hills of the sun can stay long.
The description of the bright moon in the sky and the pine trees like a cover by Zhuan Lian is a description of a still scene, a cool mountain spring and a flowing rock, and a description of a moving scene. Because of the abundant water after the rain, the mountain spring has increased its flow potential, and it flows over the stone, making it sound, so as to set off the quietness and contrast the tranquility in the mountain. Poets pay great attention to the mutual contrast between dynamic and static scenery when describing scenery, which can be combined with dynamic and static, and can also write with static, write with dynamic and contrast with static. The combination of dynamic and static is often related to foil.
(4) positive description-the combination of reality and fiction
For example, Liu Yong's "Yulinling": chilling and sorrowful, late for the long pavilion, the shower begins to rest. There is no mood in all the accounts, and I miss the place, and the blue boat destroys my hair. Holding hands looked at each other, tears in eyes, until finally there was no words, a thousand words choking on the throat can not say. I miss a thousand miles of smoke and waves, and the dusk is heavy. Affection hurts parting since ancient times, and it is even more worthy of snubbing the Qing autumn festival. Where do you wake up tonight? Yang Liuan and Xiaofeng are dying. This is a long time, the people who fall in love are not together, I expect even to meet the good weather, good scenery, as in name only. There are thousands of customs, and who to talk to.
In the poem, "Where do you wake up from a drunken night, Yang Liuan winds and the waning moon?" Imagine the scene after leaving: a boat is offshore, and the poet wakes up from a drunken dream, only to see a gentle breeze blowing the rustling willow, and the waning moon hanging high on the willow tip, which doubles the sadness of parting in the imagination. In poetry, "reality" refers to the real image existing in the objective world, and "emptiness" is an imaginary scene. The two are interrelated, infiltrated and transformed, which can reach the realm of virtual reality, enrich the images in the poem, open up the artistic conception in the poem and provide readers with a broad aesthetic space.
(5) positive description-color rendering
For example, Du Fu's "Jueju": two orioles singing green willows and a row of egrets flying into the sky. My window frames the snow-crowned western mountain scene. My door oft says to eastward-going ships “Goodbye”
The author highlights the newly sprouted willow branches, paired orioles, free egrets and a blue sky. The four bright colors are fresh and bright, forming a gorgeous picture.
(6) positive description-observing the change of angle
For example, Du Mu's "Mountain Walk": the stone path in Hanshan Mountain is far away, and there are people in Bai Yunsheng. Stop and sit in the maple grove late, and the frost leaves are red in February flowers.
The first two sentences describe the prospect of Akiyama. The first sentence describes the lofty scenery of the autumn mountains, and shows the poet's courage to climb. The second sentence describes a specific scene in the autumn mountain, and several families are faintly visible under the floating sky of white clouds. The last two sentences depict a close-up view of Akiyama. The phrase "Frost leaves are red in February flowers" is full of vitality, bright and dazzling, fresh and vigorous, and vivid, giving people a sense of beauty that Qiu Guang is better than spring.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Description Techniques.