First, the goal of knowledge education
1. Guide students to understand Li Shangyin's life and artistic creation by combining the poems they read.
2. Guide students to grasp the artistic conception, emotion and expression of these two poems from a macro perspective.
Second, the ability training objectives
1. Further train students' ability to read and recite poems, and realize the characteristics of Li Shangyin's poems, such as lofty artistic conception, gorgeous language and deep feelings.
2. Improve the ability of collecting and integrating information through training such as writing "Li Shangyin as I Know".
Third, the goal of moral education
1. Appreciate the poet's unique life experience.
2. Deeply understand the decadent nature of the feudal ruling class, and arouse the feelings of worrying about the country and the people.
Key points, difficulties and solutions
Guide students to grasp the artistic conception, emotion and expression methods of these two poems from a macro perspective.
Further train students' ability to read and recite poems, and realize the characteristics of Li Shangyin's poems, such as lofty artistic conception, gorgeous language and deep feelings.
Student activity design
1. Preview before class
(1) Learn these two poems by heart.
(2) Mark the sentences that you don't understand in the poem and make a preliminary appreciation.
2. In class
The combination of teachers' analysis and students' discussion in intensive reading class.
Class arrangement
1 class hour
Teaching step
First of all, clear objectives.
1. Guide students to grasp the artistic conception, emotion and expression of these two poems from a macro perspective.
2. Further train students' ability to read and recite poems, and realize the characteristics of Li Shangyin's poems, such as lofty artistic conception, gorgeous language and deep feelings.
Second, overall perception.
1. Introduce a new lesson
In the poetry circles of Li Zhuo in the late Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin's poems were loved by later generations for their moving, graceful and meaningful style. The early poets also had the lofty ideal of managing the world and saving the country. They wrote poems to pay attention to people's livelihood, expose the darkness of real politics, and were infinitely sad about the decline of the Li and Tang dynasties. However, the frustration of official career, the hardship of life and the cruelty of political struggle made him gradually indifferent to fame and fortune and leave the world behind. Knowing that there was nothing he could do, he turned and retired to his personal emotional world. In poetry creation, he wrote a lot of lyric poems in his later years, especially untitled poems and epics. The two poems selected in this course are his representative works.
2. Introduction to the author
Li Shangyin (about 813-about 858) was a poet in the late Tang Dynasty. Zi Yishan, born in western Henan, was born in Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang, Henan) and came from a small bureaucratic family. He took the Jinshi exam three times and didn't become a scholar until two years (837). Because of Ling's recommendation, he won the Jinshi. He used to be a commandant, a doctor and an envoy of East Sichuan County. Influenced by the party struggle between Niu (monk Confucianism) and Li (Deyu), he was excluded and fell down and out all his life. Some of his poems reveal the darkness of reality, but only a few; His main achievement lies in the art of poetry, especially his modern subject, in which excellent chapters have profound, dense, elegant and exquisite artistic characteristics. He wrote more than 600 poems in his life, including Li Yishan's.
3. About "Jinse"
Jinse is a masterpiece in Li Shangyin's poems. But for thousands of years, there have been many lawsuits about the will of this poem, and no one can say for sure. This poem, if viewed from superb artistic achievements and rich explanations, can be said to be unparalleled in ancient poetry. Yuan Haowen once sighed: "Wang Chunxin is crying in her heart, and the beauty Jin Se complains about the year. Poets always love Quincy, but hate that no one writes about Jian Zheng. " (On Thirty Poems) means that poems like Jinse (and Kunxi-style poems influenced by Li Shangyin in the early Song Dynasty) are good, but even if Zheng Xuan, a great exegetist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, is near-re-embodiment, he can only sigh and sigh, but he can't pay attention to it. Wang Shizhen, a great poet and great scholar in Qing Dynasty, once lamented that "a golden harp is hard to explain people" (On Poetry), which shows the uniqueness of this poem.
4. About Ma Wei (below)
Ma Wei (II) is the masterpiece of Li Shangyin's epic. The class of the Eastern Han Dynasty began with the works of chanting history, but stopped at narrating historical facts, which was plain and unpretentious. In the Jin Dynasty, Zuo Si's Ode to History, Tao Yuanming's Jing Ke Fu, and so on, began to use the topic and kept it in my arms. Poets in the Tang Dynasty, such as Du Fu and Liu Yuxi, combined history chanting with history chanting and expanded the realm of poetry. Li Shangyin's epic mainly focuses on the demise of the Southern Dynasties and Sui Dynasties and the national war in the Tang Dynasty. In a word, Li Shangyin takes history as a mirror to describe ups and downs.
Third, the key and difficult learning and goal completion process
1. How do you understand the artistic conception of Jinse?
Clarifying the first couplet is undoubtedly an exciting stroke. The fifty strings of the golden harp symbolize that the poet is nearly fifty years old (Li Shangyin lived for forty-six years). Joseph's pronunciation is quiet and sad, so it is borrowed to express sadness. "One String and One Column" is profound and dignified; "China Thinking Year" is the main brain of the whole article, and the following words are also born from it. The second and third pairs are the main parts of the whole poem, and they are also the contents recalled by the poet. But what is the poet in "Family"? His expression was so euphemistic that he only used two old allusions to convey it. "Saint Zhuangzi daydreaming, bewitched by butterflies" refers to the feeling of being lost-the dream he once missed. Zhuangzi's Dream Butterfly, I don't know which realm is the true self. Here, the poet uses this allusion to express his pursuit of good feelings. Although he is a fan of the authorities, although the joy is so short-lived, it is enough for him to cherish his life. "Wang Dichun's cuckoo crow" turned out to be a sad mood-you can't live, and you can't live if you die! What a sad thing it is. I hope we can continue this life and have a lasting relationship. Then, poetry has changed again, opening up a new realm: pearls cry under the sea and the moon, beautiful jade smokes in the Shan Ye, and beautiful things are always "jealous" and cannot be happy. Does this mean that beautiful women have a poor life, or that poets have a bad life? (Li Shangyin said in the poem "Feeling": "Life has been harmed since ancient times", which means that talent and life cannot have both. ) We don't know. The last couplet ends with a sigh. "And a moment that should last forever" shows that the author still cherishes this "feeling" until he is old, and there is no need to "recall", but he is clearly recalling. If "this situation" is singular, it can generally be inferred that the above mentioned is the same thing. "I didn't know until I came and left" repeated the previous sentence, saying that he was in his position at that time and it was already difficult to tell. Now think about it more like a moon in the water, a flower in the mirror, elusive. The whole poem ends in this infinite disappointment, with lingering sound and endless words.
2. How to understand the theme and emotion of the poem Jinse?
It is really an eternal mystery to clarify the poem "Jinse", the confusion of realm and the profundity of emotion. Therefore, many scholars still read it as a political poem, looking for clues from the poet's experience. Li Shangyin's life, of course, survived in the cracks between political factions of party struggle. He is favored by some big officials and excluded by some people. He had short-term glory and long-term frustration. However, his political gains and losses, joys and sorrows may not be expressed in such obscure poems, nor can China's classical poem "the tradition of vanilla beauty" (a love metaphor for the opportunity of monarch and minister) be forcibly set here. Otherwise, Li Shangyin's untitled poems about love, such as "Although my body doesn't have bright phoenix wings, I feel the harmonious heartbeat of the sacred unicorn", can be read as political poems. We believe that Jinse is still a poem about love, a sad and beautiful song sung by a dying old man when he looks back on the year of Jinse. Its artistic conception is lofty, its feelings are sincere and can be understood in words, but its feelings cannot be separated, so it must be read from a big perspective.
3. How do you understand the expression of the poem Jinse?
It is obvious that this poem mainly uses symbolic means to express emotions. Symbol and metaphor have similarities, both of which are concrete and abstract, but there are also differences. Metaphor, like a bridge between human beings, generally has two rigid endpoints, and the ontology and carrier can be found; Symbols are like rainbows in the sky, and the objects associated with material representation are not so clear, mainly relying on hints, and more are vacillating elements. Just like the poem "Jinse", whether it is the popular "Jinse" or the main melody "Butterfly", "Du Fu", "Pearl" and "Jade", their mood can be guessed, but once the specific reference is investigated, it is like falling into the fog. I dare not say that Li Shangyin created China's contemporary obscure poetry, nor did he dare to say that he influenced the French symbolism poetry school in the19th century (influenced by China's poetry), but he was indeed an "avant-garde" in the classical period. His artistic attempts and innovations are unique and have a great influence on later generations. Even Wang Anshi, a reformer in China 1 1 century, admires him. Perhaps it is this profound and hazy beauty in Li Shangyin's poems that attracts readers from generation to generation. Liang Qichao, a close friend, once said, "I don't care what I say about the poems of a mountain, such as the poems of Jinse, Bi Cheng and saints. Take it apart and let me explain it sentence by sentence. I can't even figure out the meaning. But I think he is beautiful, which makes me feel fresh and happy mentally. It should be noted that beauty is multifaceted and beauty is mysterious. " (Emotions Expressed in China's Poems)
4. Ask how to understand Ma Wei's artistic conception and emotion (below).
It is clear that "Ma Wei (I)" is a quatrain: "Ji Ma swallow rhinoceros comes from the ground, and pink is buried. If the king can pour the country, the jade will not be cut into tools? " It is ironic to describe the change of Ma Wei. The second song chosen in this class inherits the tone of the last one, but it is better. What is written is a cycle, with singing and sighing, which is meaningful. Starting from "overseas", the first alliance is magnificent and magnificent. Legend has it that after Yang Guifei's death, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was very sad and ordered artists from Sichuan to find her soul. Someone took the opportunity to suggest that Yang Guifei, an overseas girl, was found in fairy mountain, Penglai, and brought back the ornaments on her head. The poet here used the word "only heard its voice" to mention this matter lightly, whether it actually decided this fallacy. Then, the poet added that "his life is uncertain." Meaning: The afterlife is bleak and hard to find, but it is an indisputable fact that Li Yang's fate in this life has been broken. This sentence is thought-provoking. The second and third couplets are all about Li Yang's love tragedy from a comparative perspective. After Ma Su, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, who lost power and influence, only heard a military ring, and he could no longer enjoy the service of announcing the dawn in Chang 'an Palace. The reality is that the army mutinies, but the "six armies don't send". At that time, the oath of immortality hall, laughing at the joy of cowherd and weaver girl, has now turned into grief and indignation, which can be described as "broken lungs and liver"! The last sentence of the poem highlights the theme: You have been the Emperor for so many years, how can you not even protect your own woman, or even the happiness of ordinary people's families? This rhetorical question, though subtle, is very powerful, inspiring the world to remember the historical tragedy of Tang Xuanzong's indulgence and neglect of state affairs, which led to the country's turmoil and the people's suffering from war.
5. What is the structure of Mawei (bottom)?
Obviously, this epic was written in flashback. First, I will talk about the absurdity of Xuanzong's Evocation, then trace back to the desolation after the change of Ma Su, and finally point out that the essence of the problem can be described as twists and turns and profound twists and turns between scales. In addition, five or six sentences are also "unreasonable": "At that time, laughing cattle on Qixi" was put behind the head before the incident; "Malaysia in the Sixth Army Today" happened later, but they started writing first. This is what Li Shangyin learned from Du Fu. Although his poems are not as gloomy as Du Fu's, they also have Du Fu's "frustration": if the water is blocked, if the circle is suffocating, it is ready to go, ups and downs.
6. Ma Wei's ingenious right (below)
From the dual point of view, this poem is also praised by later generations. The two couplets in the middle, with only four sentences and 28 words, are natural and smooth; Interesting, but not too boring. In addition, with the "Sixth Army" to "Qixi"; "Keeping the horse" and "holding the cow" are wonderful uses of taking advantage of the situation. The so-called borrowing duality refers to the duality that is relative in form, but not in the same category in content, and often far apart. For example, "stationed in Malaysia" refers to the garrison troops, while "Petunia" refers to the Altair, not the Petunia. In Du Fu's poems, there are many such metonymies, such as "the wild sun is barren and the spring is faint" (Mancheng), and "Qing" is opposite to "white". At this point, Li Shangyin is also learning from Du Fu, which is better than shine on you. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, the antithesis of metrical poems is often based on borrowing, because it is not easy and full of humor. The ancients had different views on the antithesis of this poem. Fang Hui in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties thought that "the six armies, Chinese Valentine's Day, and horses and cattle were very clever" (Ying Kui Fa Jing), and Wu Qiao in the Qing Dynasty even praised: "It's just like a child's play to talk about what's going on in the world and make the six, seven and horses right." ("poetry around the furnace"). However, there are also different views. In the Ming Dynasty, Wu Changqi thought that "one tiger, one chicken, one horse and one cow, all of which are used, are also ill" (Wu Changqi's comment in Tang Ruxun's Interpretation of Tang Poetry), and in the Qing Dynasty, Qu Fu thought that "Kong Wen, irrecoverable, familiar with his words, is frivolous in seven or eight" (Tang poetry became law). In our opinion, the latter negative view is too traditional. As long as the words are natural and appropriate, why can't they be poetic?
7. Allusions in Li Shangyin's poems
Li Shangyin's poems are famous for their neat use of allusions. These two poems, especially Jinse, use a lot of allusions. The use of allusions can increase the connotation of poetry, improve the taste of poetry, and cast the elegant and heavy rhyme of poetry; You can also use the topic to play, "rebirthing", for my use, to create new classical significance. Taking Jinse as an example, if Zhuang Zhou is not led to dream of butterflies, how can he convey the poet's confusion about self-identity in seven words? If you don't draw the emperor's tears, how can you show the feeling that birth can die and death can live-life and death will never change? It can be said that allusion is a means of expression that Li Shangyin deliberately pursues, and it is well tempered and integrated, so it does not show the mark of axe and chisel, and it has reached a natural stage, so it does not hinder the fluency of his poems and the smoothness of his emotions.
Summary and expansion
When the poet blends his life with the realm of poetry with extreme piety and fatigue, we realize not only the beauty of artistic conception, but also the poet's life.
arrange work
Read these two poems and deeply understand the emotional charm of the works.