Loyal and patriotic. Patriotism has always been the basic spirit of the survival and development of a nation and a country, and it is also the common moral standard of the state-owned people. More than half of the poems in The Book of Songs directly or indirectly express people's strong patriotic feelings in ancient society. For example, the most famous patriotic poem "Qin Feng has no clothes" in The Book of Songs is an impassioned battle song of Qin against the invasion of Xirong tribe. "No clothes? Robe with my son. Wang Yuxing, fix my spear. Hatred with my son! " It describes Qin Guan's hard work, courage, willingness to fight, forgetting his life and death, vividly describes the passion of foot soldiers before the war, expresses the fearless heroism of Qin people, and embodies the patriotic spirit of people's unity in the war of resistance. Another example is Qin, praising her husband's generosity in joining the army and his wife's patriotic thoughts and feelings.
Cultivation and morality. Confucius once summarized the purpose of the Book of Songs as "innocent thoughts" and educated his disciples to read the Book of Songs as the standard for making a career. Many chapters in The Book of Songs explain from different angles and levels that officials and politicians should lead by example and be self-disciplined. "A good wife is like playing the lute; Brothers are harmonious and cheerful; Shi Jia, a leer of wives and concubines. " "Xiaoya? This poem in "The Long Emperor" was frequently quoted by later generations until it was extended to "cultivate one's morality, govern the country and level the world". Confucius said, "If you are upright, you will not make it.": Its body is not straight, although it is not obedient ",and" Xiaoya? The poem "From the Mountain to the Scene" in Chequ comes down in one continuous line. "Dare not Hu Bao, dare not Feng He. People only know this danger and don't know other evils. Trembling, like an abyss, like walking on thin ice. " "Xiaoya? This poem by Xiao Min reminds people to be cautious and have awe. " Punishment is for widows, brothers and families ","elegance? Siqi extended the law-abiding requirements from wives and brothers to families and even the whole country, which is worth pondering by future generations.
Honesty and decency. Honesty and etiquette are the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. The ancestors were frank and honest, with clear love and hate, not mysterious and not demon, which was really touching. There are five poems about "rats" in The Book of Songs, four of which directly condemn or drive away rats. It is only in the novel "Watching Rats" that ugly, cunning and stealing rats are compared with the "incumbents" who defend the country, and it is openly judged that those incumbents who are cruel and shameless are not even as good as rats. "What is a man who can't die without an instrument?" "People are infinite, why not die?" "If people are rude, Hu will not die?" "No manners" refers to appearance, "no shame" refers to heart, and "rudeness" refers to behavior. The poet not only denounced them, but also asked them to die early, so as not to defile the lofty word "man". Another example is "Give me a papaya and give it back to Joan" in Feng Wei's Papaya, which preaches that people repay kindness, and we should repay kindness with kindness, which shows the humility and kindness of the beneficiaries.
Diligent and thrifty. There are many scenes describing labor life in The Book of Songs, which embodies the virtue of ancient people's love for labor and the ideal of conquering nature with hard-working hands. For example, there are many poems about people's hard work in the poems of Qi 'ao, E 'ou and Meng. In particular, the poem "Feng Wei's Cutting Tan" directly sings about labor and vividly reproduces the labor scene at that time. While expressing workers' blame for the exploiters' unearned gains, it also shows people's industrious and magnificent side. As for the beautiful quality of people's frugality, it also appears from time to time in the Book of Songs. For example, in Zheng Feng's "Clothes", the wife who wears clothes wants to mend her husband's clothes, which not only reflects her thoughtfulness and concern for her husband, but also reflects her thrift as an official husband.
Persuasion education. China ancient culture attached great importance to "enlightenment", and there were many poems with the idea of "exhortation and enlightenment" in The Book of Songs. For example, in Xiaowan, Xiaoya, "Sleep for a night and live without regrets" means that after the death of parents, brothers should educate their brothers to abide by their parents' teachings, go to bed early and get up late, work hard, and don't let their parents be ashamed. Its educational significance is self-evident. Another example is Zhou Song Lu Zhen, who said, "Spend a few nights, and you will be honored forever." This is not only the poet's self-encouragement, but also an exhortation to the people around him and future generations, and obviously points to education.
Ancestor worship, inheritance. China's patriarchal society attaches great importance to consanguineous clans and has a complex of ancestor worship. In the eyes of the ancients, it is their responsibility and mission for future generations to inherit and carry forward their ancestral businesses. People often express their worship and awe of their ancestors through warm and solemn sacrificial activities. While praying for their ancestors to bless their families, they also taught future generations not to forget the solemn etiquette of offering sacrifices to their ancestors and inherit their virtues. For example, "Daya Wu Xia" not only praised the martial arts of the King of Wu, but also expressed respect and memory for the ancestors and determination to carry forward the cause of their ancestors.
Praise the mother's feelings. In the long history of China's poems, there are many excellent chapters praising maternal love. The earliest poem expressing maternal love thought appeared in The Book of Songs. There are four poems in The Book of Songs that express the idea of "maternal love", among which Li Feng Kai Feng and Yong Zhou praise maternal love in their entirety, while the second chapter and the fourth and fifth chapters praise maternal love. For example, in "Kai Feng", "Kai Feng comes to the south and blows his back. It compares mother's care to the warm south wind, vividly shows the touching image of mother's hard work in raising children, and makes people deeply feel mother's love and hard work, full of affection and touching. In the traditional culture of China, "Kaifeng" is often used to refer to the spirit of maternal love, which shows that Kaifeng, a poem praising maternal love, has a far-reaching influence on later generations.
Filial piety and gratitude. China people have always regarded "filial piety" as the first of all virtues. The filial piety poems in The Book of Songs reflect the long history of filial piety and profoundly reveal the important connotation and significance of filial piety to parents. There are 22 filial piety poems in The Book of Songs, which are divided into two categories. One is that the word "filial piety" appears in the poem, and the word "filial piety" appears in the Book of Songs 17 times; One kind of poem is "filial piety poem". The former is distributed in Yasong, while the latter is mainly distributed in Xiaoya and Guofeng. For example, the elegy of "What are the parents", "What are the parents eating" and "What are the parents doing" in Feather of the Tang Dynasty describes the sadness that the dutiful son is working as a handyman all the year round, worrying that his parents have no food to survive and are unable to support their parents.
Brotherhood. Tribal families of ancient ancestors are based on blood relationship. In their view, brotherhood is the foundation of family harmony and happiness. Therefore, we attach great importance to brotherhood. In Xiaoya Changdi, the phrase "Today's people are just brothers" is a tribute to brotherhood, and it also shows the traditional concept of interpersonal relationship of China's ancestors. Long Beach is the first poem in the history of China's poetry that eulogizes the love of brothers. As images, motifs and allusions with prototype significance, they have been sung through the ages and have a far-reaching influence on the creation of brother poems in later generations.
Love is single-minded. There are many chapters describing love in The Book of Songs. Although some of them are poems about abandoning and complaining about women, some love poems express sincere feelings. For example, "peak? In the fourth chapter of pass the parcel, there is a saying: "Life and death are broad, and children inherit. Hold your hand and grow old with your son. This idiom, which is widely circulated in later generations, is used to express the stability of husband and wife's feelings and the singleness of love. (Chen Yujun)