What is the development process of China's ancient poetry?

In the history of China literature, the earliest poem we can see is The Book of Songs, which is about 3000 years ago. This is the earliest collection of poems in China, which is divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode, respectively, from the perspective of music. Following the Book of Songs, in the 4th century BC, a new style of poetry appeared in the State of Chu, called Songs of the Chu, and its founder was Qu Yuan. Later, the Han people compiled the works written by Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others into a book called Songs of the South. Chuci broke through four sentences in the Book of Songs and developed into five-character sentences and seven-character sentences, that is, turning even sentences into odd sentences, which can not only better express thoughts and feelings, but also make the rhythm and rhythm more musical. In the Han Dynasty, Yuefu Poetry, a poem sung with music, appeared. There are four words, five words and miscellaneous words in language, but most of them are five words.

Ci is a new poetic style that can be sung with new music, and it is a Yuefu poem that can be sung with music, but it did not directly come into being and develop from Yuefu poems in Han Dynasty. It was a new kind of poetry at that time, which maintained its own characteristics in all aspects of the development process and formed its own independent tradition.

There are three systems of music in Sui and Tang Dynasties. Shen Kuo, a scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, recorded in Volume V of Meng Qian Bi Tan:

In the 13th year of Tang Tianbao, the imperial edict and Hu Bu began to play together. Since then, music has completely lost its ancient method. In the past, the joy of Wang was elegant music, the new voice of his previous life was pure music, and the people who joined Hu department were feasting.

Dunhuang Quzi Ci is rich in content, lively in form, rich in style, distinctive in personality and full of life breath, reflecting the original form of Ci when it rose among the people.

The content of Dunhuang Quzi Ci is quite extensive. Comment on Dunhuang Quzi Ci in Dunhuang Quzi Ci Collection;

There are moans of wanderers, strong words of loyal ministers and righteous men, and pleasant feelings and ambitions of hermits; The eagerness and disappointment of young students, as well as the praise of Buddha and the singing of doctors, are all in tune. Less than half of them talk about feelings and flowers.

The most prominent works in Dunhuang Quzi Ci are those that praise patriotism and unity, such as Bodhisattva Man;

Dunhuang has been fascinated by gods since ancient times and has been fascinated all over the world. Looking at Longting from afar, Lin Tai has long been famous. I only hate being separated from the Buddha, so it is difficult to express my feelings. Kill the wolves sooner or later and worship the holy face together.

The lyrics express the patriotic feelings of the soldiers and civilians in the border area to defend the frontier and recover the territory. Another example is "Looking at Jiangnan": "Six hairs come for the people, and the pool will be settled." It shows the desire of national unity and national harmony.

Dunhuang Quzi Ci reflects women's life and thoughts with the most subjects and the highest achievements. Throwing Ball Music is a "confession" of a prostitute in a brothel, which describes a woman's experience of being played and abandoned, as well as her inner pain and regret afterwards. She regrets her sincere efforts and that she didn't listen to her sisters' kind advice. The following is her self-report:

Tears wet on Luo Qi, and the teenager is more grateful. At the beginning, my sisters clearly knew that they should be more sincere than him. I think about it. I don't know how to smell it, okay?

The self-report is sincere, profound and touching. Only these people can tell the truth of his feelings, the incisiveness of his body odor and the pain of his meaning.

"Looking at the South of the Yangtze River" is also a song of complaint in the boudoir. The thought of "ungrateful people" can't restrain the bitterness and hatred inside. "Heartbroken, affectionate woman" is a common theme of ancient people. The concept of this word is novel and unique, which increases the artistic expression of lyric:

Looking out of the window, the hazy moon is like a piece of silver. The night is getting longer and longer, and the wind is getting tighter and tighter, blowing away the clouds that circled the moon for slaves and seeing ungrateful people.

Another example is "Bodhisattva makes a thousand wishes before her pillow is full", which is a statement written by lovers to lovers. In order to express the constancy of love, this word uses a series of beautiful metaphors to make love vows:

Make a thousand wishes before your pillow and wait for the green hills to rot. Fish scales floated on the water until the Yellow River dried up completely. During the day, Beidou returned to the south. You can't rest without rest, and you will see the sun in the middle of the night.

This word is in the same strain as Shang Xie written by Han Yuefu in ideological content and expression, which shows the determination of young men and women to pursue independent and sincere love and has shocking power.

Dunhuang Quzi Ci not only has a wide range of themes and rich contents, but also retains the simple and fresh characteristics of folk works in art and has more diverse styles. It is this kind of folk discourse circulating in the lower class that nurtures the literati and promotes the creation and development of literati ci. At the same time, among the Quzi Ci found in Dunhuang, there are still some long tunes that are rare among the existing literati Ci in Tang Dynasty.

Dunhuang Quzi Ci has both heroic and graceful style and small and slow words, all of which are based on bright and simple, vigorous and fresh tone. Dunhuang Quzi Ci is full of life interest, vivid metaphor and simple language, such as "stepping on a step, lamenting that Que takes Yu Man";

Why do you have conflicts with many languages? What proof do you have to send happiness? Fly in a few times and take him alive.