12. C E
13. A
14. ① Poetry should play the role of "reflecting on current affairs" and "reducing human feelings" in life. ② This function of "reflecting on current affairs" and "reducing human feelings" is determined by the essence of poetry, "poetry expresses ambition". (2 points per point) 15. ① Highlight the lyrical characteristics of poetry; ② Rulers allow and encourage people to express their emotions, which is conducive to consolidating feudal rule; ③ Criticize the poetry of Liang and Chen The tendency to withdraw from social life. (These three points are stated in sequence from the second to the fourth and fifth paragraphs) (1 point for each point, 1 point for general expression)
12. Based on the fourth paragraph "Bai Juyi's comments on Liang and Chen Li Bai's poems were severely criticized. "He cut down less than one-tenth of Li Bai's poems, and only thirty or forty of Du Fu's poems." It can be seen that item C said that the themes of their poems are "completely different." " is inconsistent with the meaning of the text; item E compares with the second paragraph, "The new trend in the development of aesthetic thought since the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties cannot fail to have an impact on him. When he demonstrated the role of poetry in "reflecting on current affairs" and "inducing human feelings". Like Kong Yingda, he emphasized the lyrical characteristics of poetry." It can be seen that Bai Juyi did not deny "the poetic theories of Liang and Chen since the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties."
13. Make judgments based on "re-examination of current affairs" and "reduction of human feelings".
14. None
15. None?