Guanju is the beginning of Feng and the first book of the Book of Songs. The ancients ranked it at the top of 35 articles, indicating that it was highly valued. I shared the Pinyin version of Guan Ju's Book of Songs for everyone. Let's have a look!
the original
Guanluo
Guanluo dove,
Guā n Guā n j ū ū ū ū
in the river continent.
zà i hé zh and zh not u
My Fair Lady,
y m o ti m o sh ū n ǚ
A gentleman is a good gentleman.
j ū n z ǐ h ǐ o ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ ǐ 4
zu ǒ yo ù lí u zh:
My Fair Lady,
Y m o ti m o sh ū n ǚ
Ask for it.
wü mè i qiú zh ○ and
welcome,
qiú zh ○ and bü dé
I'm tired of sleeping and thinking.
wü mè s and fú
leisurely,
y not u z ā i y not u z ā i
tossing and turning.
zh ? nzhu ? n f ? n c è
ragged shepherd's purse,
cē nē nē cē and xing cà i
picked it around.
zu ǒ yo ∥ c ǒ I zh ǒ:
My Fair Lady,
Y ǒ o ti ǐ o sh ǚ n
Friends of harps and instruments.
qí n sè y ǒ u zh:
ragged shepherd's purse,
cē nē cē and xing cà i
left and right.
Zu ǒ yo ù mà o zh:
My Fair Lady,
Y ǒ o ti ǐ o sh ǚ n
Bell and drum music.
zhōng gǔ yào zhī
Notes on words
(1) Guanguan: onomatopoeic words, the calls of male and female birds that correspond to each other. Jū jiū: A kind of waterfowl, namely Wang Yao.
⑵ continent: land in water.
(3) A gentle and graceful lady: a virtuous and beautiful woman. Gentle and graceful, beautiful figure. Hum, profound, metaphorical woman's spiritual beauty; The beauty is beautiful, which means the beauty of women's appearance. Shu, good and kind.
(4) Good spouse. Qiu, the loan word of "hatred", matches.
(5) Uneven: the appearance of uneven length. Xìng: aquatic plants. Round leaves and thin stems, rooted at the bottom of the water, leaves floating on the water, edible.
[6] Flowing from left to right: choose the shepherd's purse from left to right. Here, we try our best to get the shepherd's purse, which is a metaphor for "gentleman" trying to pursue "lady". Flow, meaning the same as "seeking", here refers to picking. One: refers to the shepherd's purse.
⑺ Sleeping (wù mèi): waking up and sleeping. Refers to day and night. Hey, wake up. Sleeping, falling asleep. In addition, Ma Ruichen's Annotations and Notes on the Biography of Mao Poetry said: "Sleeping is still a dream." It is also accessible.
⑻ thinking clothes: missing. Take, think. Mao Zhuan: "Serve and think."
⑼ leisurely: it means "leisurely", which means long. I miss you constantly. Leisure, feeling and thinking. See Guo Pu's note in Er Ya Shi Shi. Ah, modal particles. Leisurely, I still say "miss, miss".
⑽ tossing and turning: tossing and turning can't sleep. Rolling, the ancient word "exhibition". Zhanzhuan, that is, the opposite side. On the opposite side, it is still overturned.
⑾ Friends of harps and harps: Play the harp and harp to get close to her. Qin and Qin are all stringed instruments. The piano has five or seven strings, and the harp has twenty-five or fifty strings. Friend: used as a verb, it means to be close here. This sentence says, get close to "ladies" with harps and harps.
⑿ ⒂ (Mao): choose, select.
[13] Bell and drum music: play music with the clock to make her happy. To make ... happy.
Appreciation:
Nan Zhou Guanju, a short poem, occupies a special position in the history of China literature. It is the first book in The Book of Songs, which is the oldest book in China literature. Although judging from the nature, some fairy tales should be produced earlier, but as written records, it is a late thing. Therefore, we can almost say that when we open the history of China literature, the first thing we encounter is Guan Ju.
it is not known whether the people who compiled the book of songs had some intention in arranging the poems. However, at least the understanding of later generations does not think that Guanju is randomly arranged in the first place. The Analects of Confucius mentioned the Book of Songs many times, but the only work that made a concrete evaluation was Guan Ju, which was called "being happy without lewdness, being sad without injury". In Confucius' view, Guan Ju is a model to show the virtue of the golden mean. The Preface to Mao's Poems by the Han Confucianists also said: "The wind started, so the wind prevailed in the world and the couple were right. Therefore, it is used by the villagers and the country. " This involves an ethical thought in ancient China: in the eyes of the ancients, husband and wife are the beginning of human relations, and all moral perfection in the world must be based on the virtue of husband and wife. The author of Preface to Mao's Poems thinks that Guanju has exemplary significance in this respect, so it is listed as "the beginning of Feng". It can be used to influence the world, not only for "villagers" that is, ordinary people, but also for "nations" (that is, the ruling class).
The content of "Nan Zhou Guanju" is actually very simple. It is about a gentleman's pursuit of a lady, and he is upset when he can't get a lady, and he can't sleep over and over again. I am very happy when I get a "lady". I ask people to play music to celebrate and make the "lady" happy. The identity of the characters in the works is very clear: "gentleman" is a general term for aristocrats in the era of The Book of Songs, and this "gentleman" has a considerable position in preparing the music of harps, bells and drums. I used to interpret this poem as a "folk love song", but I'm afraid it's not right. It should describe the life of the aristocratic class. In addition, it is certainly good to say that it is a love poem, but I am afraid it is not an ordinary love poem. It turned out to be a wedding song, which was praised by the man's family and wished the bride a happy marriage. Many ballads in The Book of Songs, National Style, have both general lyrical meaning and entertainment function, and are also practical in etiquette. However, it is not clear what use some poems were originally sent to later generations, so they are only treated as ordinary songs. Looking at Guan Ju as a wedding song, it is also jubilant and appropriate to sing it from "My Fair Lady, Gentleman's Pleasure" to "Friends of Hare and Hare" and "Music of Bells and Drums".
Of course, this poem itself still appears in the form of a love song in which men pursue women. The reason for this is probably related to the fact that the man is the active party in the general marriage relationship. Even in modern times, a girl who has a crush on a guy always has to wait for him to speak first, especially in the ancients. When I come back from marrying a bride, I will praise her as a beautiful and virtuous girl and a good spouse of a gentleman, and say that I once missed her so much that I was lovesick, which must please the bride very much. Then, in a piece of music, the feelings of each other are close to each other, and a happy marriage begins here. Even from the emotional structure of poetry, it is necessary to have some twists and turns in the middle, from thinking about a lady when meeting Guan Yu to forming a good piano and instrument: hard-won things are particularly valuable and particularly enjoyable.
This poem can be regarded as a model to show the virtues of couples, mainly because of these characteristics: first, the love it writes has a clear marriage purpose from the beginning, and finally it comes down to a happy marriage, not a short encounter or a temporary passion between young men and women. This kind of love, which clearly points to marriage and shows responsibility, is more endorsed by society. Secondly, it describes both men and women as "gentlemen" and "ladies", indicating that this is a combination associated with virtue. "Gentleman" has both status and virtue, while "My Fair Lady" also means beauty of physical appearance and goodness of virtue. The combination of "gentleman" and "lady" here represents a marriage ideal. Thirdly, it is the moderation of love behavior written in poetry. After careful reading, it can be noted that although this poem is about the man's pursuit of the woman, it does not involve direct contact between the two sides at all. Of course, the "lady" has no action, and the "gentleman" is just "tossing and turning" there alone, and things like climbing the wall and breaking the willows seem to have never been thought of at all, and love is very disciplined. Such a kind of love, not only has real deep feelings (which is very important for love poems), but also shows peace and moderation, which will not be too intense for readers. I'm afraid all the above characteristics are related to the fact that this poem was originally a song of a noble wedding. On that occasion, a restrained and joyful atmosphere commensurate with the status of the host is required. Confucius saw a kind of beauty of neutralization with extensive significance, so as to advocate his life attitude of self-restraint and attaching importance to moral cultivation, and Preface to Mao Poetry promoted it as a moral teaching material that can "make the world right". The perspectives of the two are somewhat different, but there are still fundamental similarities.
Confucian scholars in ancient times attached importance to the virtue of husband and wife, which has deep reasons. In the first sense, the family is the basic unit of social organization. In ancient times, the harmony and stability of this basic unit was of great significance to the harmony and stability of the whole social order. In the second sense, the so-called "virtue of husband and wife" actually refers to all aspects related to men and women. "eat drink man woman, man's great desire is to exist" (Book of Rites, Li Yun), and Confucius also knew that this was the basic requirement for human survival. The desire to eat and drink is relatively simple (of course, there must be food first), while the emotional activities caused by the desire of men and women are much more complex, active and intense, and it is also much more dangerous to the standard of life and social order. Confucius once lamented: "I have never seen a good virtue like a good color." (The Analects of Confucius) Therefore, all restraint and self-cultivation must first start from the desires of men and women. This is of course necessary, but to what extent restraint is appropriate is a complex issue, which involves the integration of social material production level, political structure, cultural tradition and other factors, as well as the changes of times conditions. When a society tries to take a completely negative attitude towards individual rights, severe prohibition will first appear in this respect. On the contrary, when a society is in a period of change and the old moral norms are destroyed, it will first appear in this respect. Going back to Guanju, what it praises is a kind of love with restrained feelings, cautious behavior and harmonious marriage. Therefore, Confucianism thinks this is a good model and a textbook for "married couples" to guide a wide range of virtues.
Because Nan Zhou Guanju not only recognizes the love between men and women as a natural and normal emotion, but also demands that this kind of emotion be restrained to conform to the social virtue, later generations often take what they need and extend it, while people who resist the inhuman oppression of feudal ethics often use the authoritative banner of Guanju to claim the right to satisfy their personal feelings. The so-called "poetry can't reach the truth" can be seen in Guanju.