2. Features
aria
Xianyang Qin Opera is divided into two parts: plate and color, and each part is composed of two parts: bitter tone and happy tone (also known as Huayin). Bitter tune is the most distinctive singing method of Shaanxi Opera. It is intense, solemn and stirring, deep and high-pitched, showing feelings of sadness, hatred, nostalgia and desolation. Yin Huan Qiang is cheerful, bright and vigorous, and is good at expressing joy and happy feelings. There are four types of Shaanxi opera discs: one with three eyes, one with one eye, one without eyes and one without eyes. The names of the board cavity are adagio, stop board, first hammer board, negative board, second and sixth board, second and sixth hammer board, belt board, sharp board, rolling board, second guide board and double hammer board. Generally known as the six big plate heads, adagio, ribbon plate, backing plate, two guide plates and coiled plates. Qinqiang Qupai can be divided into six categories: strings, percussion instruments, suona, sheng pipe, sea flute and divertimento. In the early days, the band was composed of six people, divided into two parts: nothing and martial arts.
Character; function
The role of Shaanxi Opera is said to be "thirteen doors and twenty-eight categories". Old students are divided into old students, old students, old students and old students.
Shaanxi Opera (16)
Shampoo should be born, cassock should be born and red should be born, young students should be born at the end of pheasant, shampoo should be poor and martial, young students should be old Dan, Zheng Dan should be divided into sleeve tsing yi, pythons should take tsing yi, Xiao Dan should be divided into boudoir Dan, Beijing opera blues, Hua Dan should be divided into sub-Dan, provocative Dan, wudan, media Dan, big net, gross net, ugly and ugly. Each character has its own unique style and specialty. When you sing, you must sing duets from many angles, such as Sheng, Tsing Yi, Lao Sheng, Hua Lian. Therefore, it is also called "disorderly singing". Some people praise the Qin Opera for its "exciting sounds and sour ears, which makes people's blood and blood turbulent", precisely because of the characteristics of its performance. Its performance skills are simple, simple, rough, delicate, profound and beautiful, moving people with emotion, full of exaggeration, strong flavor of life, rigorous programs and rich skills. Characters and stunts include riding a horse, pulling a shelf, spitting fire, blowing fire, spitting fire, shoulder and back skills, sharp skills, feather skills, sleeve skills, fan skills, snuff, dome light, grinding teeth, playing with fire sticks, falling, chewing, teetering, fangs, hat and wing skills and so on.
Types of traditional Chinese opera facial makeup
The facial makeup of Shaanxi Opera pays attention to solemnity, generosity, cleanliness, vividness and beauty, with three primary colors as the main color, middle color as the auxiliary color, flat painting as the main color and contrast color as the auxiliary color, so transition colors are rarely used. In terms of expressing characters, it is characterized by loyalty, blackness, powder rape and magic, and its style is mainly characterized by rough lines, bold style, bright colors, strong contrast, thick eyebrows and magnificent patterns. The facial makeup of Shaanxi Opera has a long history. Kang Hai's facial makeup of Ming Dynasty unearthed in Shaanxi Wugong is the earliest facial makeup of Shaanxi Opera. Shaanxi and Gansu provinces have formed different performance styles, so there are many schools on Facebook. For example, there are Longnan facial makeup, Longdong facial makeup, and "Geng facial makeup" representing Gansu Middle Road, and different facial makeup of Shaanxi Opera has also been formed.
theme
There are tens of thousands of repertoires performed by Shaanxi Opera, and most of the traditional repertoires come from folk literati, with a wide range of topics and complex contents. Due to the age, there are many scattered books. According to the statistics of the former Shaanxi Repertory Theatre (now the provincial art research institute) from 65438 to 0958, there are only about 3000 copies left. These dramas are mainly tragedies and dramas that reflect historical events, and dramas that show folk life and love and marriage account for a certain proportion. Most historical dramas are the legend of heroes or tragic stories based on foreign countries, the Three Kingdoms, Yang Jiajiang and Yue Shuo, among which there are three kingdoms 108 and Yang Jiajiang 85. Other themes include myths, folk stories and various case-solving dramas. After the Revolution of 1911, more than 30 playwrights of Hehe wrote more than 550 plays, among which Sun, Gao Peizhi, Li and Li Yuezhi made the highest achievements. Among these plays, there are Three Returns, Three Drops of Blood, Golden Pagoda, Double Brocade, Soft Jade Screen, By the Cabinet and so on. In addition, a number of modern Shaanxi opera playwrights have emerged in the revolutionary border areas, with more than 200 plays, among which Ma Jianling is the most successful. His representative works include Revenge of Blood and Tears, Family, Hatred of the Poor, etc. After the founding of New China, the adapted plays include You Gui Shan, You West Lake, Three Drops of Blood, Zhao Orphan, Yuan, Po, Si Zi, Legend of the White Snake, Famen Temple and Burning Yangzhou.
drama
The lyrics structure of Qin opera is seven-character style, with seven-character sentences and cross-sentences, which means that the lyrics of the whole drama are arranged like a seven-character blank poem.
Shaanxi opera stills
Clean and tidy. Corresponding to the lyrics is the tune, and the musical structure of Shaanxi Opera can be summarized as the process of "breaking the board-adagio-from the medium board to the urgent board-ending", that is, the rhythm of playing the board changes from slow to slightly fast and extremely fast, and then gradually slows down before ending, and finally ends. The singer unfolds the story layer by layer according to this step-by-step rhythm. So how to change the rhythm? This is precisely the role played by the "Luban" who sings in the Shaanxi Opera. Shaanxi opera belongs to a variety of plate-type operas, and there are six plates, namely, 26 plates, adagio, ribbon plate, backboard, two-inverted plate and curling plate. 26 boards are two "six boards", and a six board needs to knock six bangzi, all of which are strong shots. Other kinds of plates are made by acceleration, deceleration and free rotation. In this way, artists can express their feelings in different rhythms according to the needs of the plot.
accompany
The musical instruments used in Shaanxi Opera are banhu, erhu, flute, sanxian, pipa, dulcimer, suona, sea flute, pipe and tuba (trumpet). There are drums, dry drums, hall drums, sentence gongs, small gongs, horse gongs, cymbals, hinges and bangzi in the martial arts field. Of course, the most important musical instrument in Qin Opera is Banhu, and its sharp and crisp pronunciation can best reflect the characteristics of the changes of Qin Opera plates.
Shaanxi opera
Types of traditional Chinese opera facial makeup
As an organic part of the stage art, one of the oldest operas in China, the facial makeup of Shaanxi Opera has a classical and unique style and a complete system. Together with the facial makeup of Beijing Opera and Sichuan Opera, it is called the three major facial makeup systems in China, which has a far-reaching influence on the formation and development of facial makeup of Beijing Opera.
As an inherent part of the art of Shaanxi Opera, the facial makeup of Shaanxi Opera has its own complete system, which has been maintained for many years. Regarding the characteristics of the facial makeup of Shaanxi Opera and its relationship with the facial makeup of Beijing Opera, Mr. Liu Zengfu, a famous Peking Opera researcher and painter who is over 90 years old, has a wonderful exposition in the article "Talking about the facial makeup of Shaanxi Opera": "In the development of Beijing Opera, it is natural to learn very useful experiences from important operas in the flower department, including facial makeup. ..... Generally speaking, the facial makeup of Shaanxi Opera is more complicated than the existing facial makeup of Beijing Opera, especially the eyebrow eye pattern is relatively broken. Although the masks of Beijing Opera's clean corners are relatively simple and tidy, many patterns such as broken faces and crooked faces in early Peking Opera masks are still very fine. The complexity of the facial makeup of Qin opera shows that it is more classical than the facial makeup of Beijing Opera. ..... There are many facial expressions in Qin Opera that are similar to those in Beijing Opera, such as Guan Yu, Bao Zheng, Meng Liang, Jiao Zan, Huyan Zan and Li Yuanba. ..... There is a traditional saying in Peking Opera that the crooked face of the Qin opera is so crooked. At present, there are fewer crooked faces in Peking Opera's clean corner masks, but there are more crooked faces in Peking Opera's clean corner masks in the early years. The summer in Dingjun Mountain, the green-faced tiger in Baishuitan, all had crooked faces in their early years, but in today's Peking Opera, these roles are all positive faces. Today, the clean-angle mask of Peking Opera is not as classical as the mask of Shaanxi Opera in the application of crooked face. "