Bold school: Su Shi is the originator. In the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi broke through the barrier of "Ci is a colorful theme", and he had all kinds of contents, such as nostalgia, feeling for the old, expressing ambition, chanting history, writing scenery, traveling, reasoning and farewell. Quoted as words, not subject to musical constraints. Their artistic conception is fresh and lofty, and their style is bold and unconstrained, creating the bold school.
Graceful school: Wen is the originator. His poems are gorgeous, rich and exquisite, mostly for women's feelings, and a few works respond to current politics. His artistic achievements in Ci are superior to those of other poets in the late Tang Dynasty, and he is the first person of graceful and restrained school, which has a great influence on the development of Ci.