The bright moon shines that night, promoting the singing of the East Wall.
Yuheng refers to Meng Dong, and the stars are vivid!
Thousands of years of exposure to weeds, the season suddenly changes.
In the woods of Qiu Chan, the mysterious bird died peacefully?
Yesterday, I was a friend of the same family, holding high the vibration of six purlins (hé).
If you don't want to join hands, you will abandon me like a relic.
There is a bucket in the south basket and a bucket in the north, and the morning glory bears the yoke.
There is no hard stone, what's the use of a false name!
I don't know if you still remember it. We once saw a work "Guo Feng Chen Feng Yue Chu" in the Book of Songs program. The first sentence of this work is: "When will the moon be there, when will people be there?" Shuowen explains that "the moon is white", and we often use it to describe moonlight. Here, the word "Jiao" in "The bright moon shines at night" is used as a verb, indicating that the bright moonlight illuminates the night.
In fact, thoughtful friends can probably guess after reading this poem that the season described in the poem is autumn night. The whole poem is divided into *** 16 clauses, with the first eight sentences describing scenery and the last eight sentences expressing emotion. Through the bleak scenery description of autumn night, the poet's inner loneliness and frustration are expressed. The literati's sad autumn complex can be traced back to Song Yu as early as possible, and we enjoyed his masterpiece Nine Arguments in the program "Songs of the South". I don't know if you still remember. "Nine Debates" begins: "Sad autumn is also anger! The bleak vegetation shakes down and becomes weak. " Autumn is bleak, and everything is dying, which is consistent with the poet's feeling of life.
The first eight sentences of this poem describe the common scenery on autumn nights. "The bright moon shines at night, promoting the weaving and singing the East Wall", and the autumn is crisp and bright, which eclipses the stars. The description of the stars actually implies the poet's metaphor, which can be understood below. In this sentence, the poet looked up at the moon and bowed his head to listen to the chirping of the weaving. "Promoting weaving" is a cricket. Crickets' cry marks the coming of autumn and urges women to spin warm clothes quickly, so people call crickets "weaving promotion". The Book of Songs also said in July: "In July, I was in the wild, in August, in the house, in September and October, crickets came under my bed." Crickets hiding in the house from the ground also means that the weather is getting colder and colder.
"Yuheng refers to Meng Dong, and the stars are vivid!" Yuheng is one of the Big Dipper, which consists of Shu Tian, Tian Xuan, Celestial Pole, Tianquan, Yuheng, Kaiyang and Ursa Major. Among them, Shu Tian, Tian Xuan, Tianji and Tianquan constitute the bucket body, which is also called "Kui" in the ancient calendar; Yuheng, Kaiyang and Ursa major Eta make up the bucket handle, which was called "biāo" in ancient times. Yuheng is the brightest of the Big Dipper. So I can see it most clearly in the autumn night sky. The ancient celestial calendar has a set of complicated rules, including the concept of "building the moon", that is, twelve earthly branches, such as Zi Chou Yin Mao, correspond to twelve months, at the same time, the sky is divided into twelve zodiac signs, and the November gamete of the lunar calendar where the winter solstice is located is called "building the moon", and so on. According to the difference of the first month of the year, there are three calendars: the summer calendar, the lunar calendar and the weekly calendar, but the summer calendar is the closest concept to us now, that is, the month is the first month of the lunar calendar. And bucket handle's "biāo" is composed of three stars: Yuheng, Kaiyang and Ursa Ursa, which house points to in the night sky, which month represents, such as the month, and biāo points to the Yin Palace. "Meng Dong" represents the Sea Palace here, not the October season of Meng Dong. "Yuheng refers to Meng Dong", which means that the ladle (biāo) points to the sea palace at this moment, and the autumn night is already deep.
"One thousand years with weeds, the season suddenly changed. In the bushes of Qiu Chan, the mysterious bird died comfortably? " The "White Dew", "Qiu Chan" and "Blackbird" in these four sentences are typical autumn symbols. One of the 24 solar terms is called the Millennium. There is a cloud in the Book of Songs: "White dew is frost." Another feature of the Millennium is perishable, just like this season, it disappears in the blink of an eye. Blackbirds are swallows, which come from the north and return to the south, and migrate with the climate. From this sentence, the poet began to describe the scenery and became a feeling of the world.
"Yesterday I was a classmate, holding high six purlin vibration (hé). I don't want to join hands and abandon me like a relic. " Friends are friends, and comrades are friends. People who study in the same teacher's school are called "classmates". "Six purlins" refers to wings. "Hand in hand" means * * * adversity. The Book of Songs Wind North Wind says: "The north wind is cool, the rain and snow are wet. You are good to me and walk hand in hand." Here is a metaphor for my friends who used to work under the same teacher. They don't support me, but they don't care about me.
"Nanji fights in the north, and the cow does not bear the yoke." In the first two sentences of the poem, the author repeatedly mentioned the stars in the autumn night sky and took care of them. "Ji", "Dou" and "Petunia" are all stars. Ji is in the south and Dou is in the north. A dustpan is a dustpan, and a bucket is a wine vessel. The yoke is the crossbar in front of the ox cart. "Nanji fights in the north, and the cow does not bear the yoke." This poem is very interesting. It connects the stars in the sky with things on the ground. It means that you can see dustpans and wine vessels in the sky, but you can't take them for real. Although there are morning glories in the sky, they are not real cows and can't pull a motor car. In other words, they are not worthy of the name, just like my classmates. Although I am a classmate, they never regard me as a classmate.
"There is no hard stone, what's the use of a false name!" Good means "sincerity", and Panshi is a metaphor for unswerving feelings. Here, the poet once again expressed his inner resentment. If there is no firm friendship between classmates and they can't support each other, what's the use of those empty names!
background music
The moon shines in the shadow-Qi Yao
The Moon Setting on Xizi Lake in Zhang Weiliang
Wandering on the cool moon-Yu Hong
Eighth, "Ran Ran Solitary Bamboo".
I am like a wild bamboo in the wilderness, hoping to find a partner in the ravine.
I'm newly married to you, and Tutsi is attached to her daughter.
Sometimes, it is suitable for couples.
Marry thousands of miles away, across the mountain (bēi).
Acacia bitter years destroy old youth is limited, so I hope my husband's success can be rewarded as soon as possible.
Hurt the orchid flower, including the glory of Angelababy;
I'm afraid to collect when you don't come back, and the autumn rain will wither like autumn grass in the wind.
Liang Jun holds a grand festival. What is a concubine?
When I read "Grass by the Green River" to you before, we said that it was the only work in the nineteenth poem that was narrated in the third person. Other works tell different tactfully sad stories as protagonists.
Solitary bamboo in Ran Ran today is another love and marriage story told by a woman.
In ancient times, women did not have the ability to live independently, and the economy was completely in the hands of their fathers, husbands and brothers, so they were very weak. Especially in the marriage relationship, the monogamous marriage system also makes many women feel deeply insecure.
After understanding these backgrounds, if we look at this poem again, we can understand the anxiety, troubles, thinking about things and tossing and turning expressed by women in the poem, which is the real feedback of the times she lives in.
The beginning of the poem tells the story of the heroine. Her parents should have died and there are no brothers or sisters to rely on, so she compares herself to a lonely bamboo. Therefore, I hope I can "take root in Mount Tai" and find a husband I can rely on with confidence. The "Mount Tai" here is not the Mount Tai in Shandong today. Too means tall and big. Mount Tai is a high mountain. "A" generally refers to ravines. Therefore, women want their bamboo to grow at the foot of a high mountain, and there is a high mountain to shelter them from the wind and rain.
At this time, the woman just got married and may not have finished the wedding, waiting for her husband to come and say hello. She uses rabbit silk to refer to herself, and female Luo refers to her husband. Rabbit silk is a vine that needs to climb on other plants, while female radish, also called Luo Song, is a plant that grows with pine trees and does not need to climb on other plants.
These two poems had a great influence on the later development of Tang poetry. Li Bai once wrote that "you are a female radish grass and my concubine is a dodder flower", and Du Fu wrote that "rabbit silk is attached to hemp, so it doesn't grow vines. It is better to abandon the roadside than to marry a woman and a husband. " They are all sentences in this poem.
In women's eyes, it is natural for newlyweds to get together, but their hometown is separated by water in Qian Shan. Why doesn't her husband come to visit them? It was at this time that the tone of the whole poem was determined. It turned out that a woman was missing her husband far away. She is worried that her years are gone, her youth is gone, and she will not get all the love and attention of her husband when she meets again; On the one hand, I am worried that my husband has changed his mind. After all, after such a long distance, will my husband really come to pick him up?
It has a long history in China literature to compare women with flowers and the preciousness of women's youth with short flowering period. As early as in the Book of Songs, we knew a bride as beautiful as flowers and jade. In later literary works, what impressed me the most was probably Du Qiuniang's poem "Flowers can be folded straight, don't wait for no flowers to be folded", which has the same beauty as our heroine's "Out of date, if you don't pick them, they will wither with the autumn grass".
At the end of the poem, the woman comforted herself and said, I know you will abide by our agreement and will not change your mind. I can only wait for your arrival here. This woman is so weak and helpless. What can she do except trust her husband?
We don't know how they died. We can only know that this is the first time a woman has described her married life in such plain and simple words.
background music
Autumn Moon in Han Palace-Wu Man
Zhu Zihua-Quan Suyan
The ninth song: "There are strange trees in the court"
There is a beautiful tree in the yard.
There are strange trees in the courtyard, and the green leaves are full of flowers.
Climbing the bar to fold its glory, it must be left behind (wèi).
The incense is full of sleeves, and the road is long.
How expensive is this thing? But I can't feel the time.
Like the sixth poem we enjoyed before, this poem is entrusted to a distant place, and it is also the shortest two poems in Nineteen Ancient Poems, with only eight sentences. The difference is that "Picking Hibiscus on the River" says that the wanderer misses his hometown, while this "Strange Trees in the Courtyard" says that the homesick woman misses the wanderer at home.
Lu Shiyong, an Amin, commented on the artistic achievements of Nineteen Ancient Poems in A Mirror, calling them "sincere and superficial, short and affectionate". What we should enjoy tonight is the most typical one. It's all parting, and women's wandering and missing feel different. One is wandering around the world, the other is depressed at home, and the people, things and things he contacts are different. Therefore, the sadness expressed from the perspective of wanderers will be more manifested in rich and open-minded forms such as singing wine songs and looking into the distance. However, in ancient times, women were often imprisoned in deep courtyards, and most of their daily lives consumed their mood with the passage of time. Therefore, the works described with the mentality of thinking about women generally show a slow and long change. For example, this song "There are Strange Trees in the Court".
Although the whole poem is only eight short sentences, it goes from tree to flower, from flower to person, step by step, and finally reveals the theme of homesickness, profoundly showing the deep and indirect sadness of thinking about women. "There are strange trees in the courtyard, and the green leaves are full of flowers." Strange trees, like "Jia Mu" and "Jia Shu" in The Songs of the South, refer to precious trees. "huā" is a "flower" with a fake word. Zi means prosperity. There is a precious tree in the yard with green leaves and blooming flowers.
"Climbing a pole to fold its glory must be regarded as prestige", and "glory" also means "flower". Heritage (wèi) also has this word in "She River Picking Hibiscus", which means a gift. This sentence and "who wants to go (wèi), who wants to go far." In fact, the meaning is the same, they all point to flowers and give them to distant tourists for their thoughts.
"The incense is full of sleeves, and the road is far away." This sentence is widely circulated. On the surface, the first half of the sentence says that the flowers of the palace strange tree are fragrant, but in fact it implies the image description of the flower picker. Combined with the second half of the sentence, "It's a long way to go, but it's Xiu Yuan", it shows that flower pickers like this fragrant flower very much and want to give it to travelers. Unfortunately, it's a long way, even if it's full of flowers, it can't reach the place where tourists hang around. And she can only stand quietly under this strange tree in the yard, holding flowers in her hand, thinking of the wandering children who are about to leave. As I said before, Miss Fu's parting is only in this deep courtyard, and that strange tree in the courtyard is her relative thing day and night. She met the tree day and night, and watched its leaves turn from green to yellow, and then to new green. Time gradually faded between yellow and green. This kind of pain lasts forever and does more harm to people.
So the tone of the last sentence changed again: "Why is this expensive? But I can't feel the time. " Although this is a strange tree, what is precious about it? It just adds to the sadness of parting. One minute you say this tree is precious, and the next minute you say it is not expensive. This kind of thinking reflects the thinking of women's psychological activities, and also makes the poems that have been promoted all the way euphemistically long.
Looking at the whole article, let's go back and savor these short eight poems. Can you better understand the profound meaning of the ancients' comment that "I am deeply worried about my appearance, but I am long-lasting with little words"?
This music reminds me. Vicky? Sauvignon Blanc-Vicky
Song 10: Altair
Distant Altair.
Distant Altair, Jiao Jiao Hehan girl.
Skillful hands, make a loom.
There is no chapter all day, and tears are pouring down.
How clear and shallow the river is!
Between water and water, there are no words.
The story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has been circulating in China for thousands of years, and many literary works and film and television works are based on it. As can be seen from this poem, as early as the Han Dynasty, the love story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl has been widely circulated.
Now the light pollution and air pollution in cities are serious, so it is difficult for us to see the Milky Way. But if you have ever seen the starry night sky, you will be deeply impressed by the gorgeous galaxy. Altair and Vega are located on both sides of the Milky Way. In summer in the northern hemisphere, especially in July, the summer triangle composed of Vega in Lyra, Tianjin IV in Cygnus and Altair in Eagle is very bright and easy to identify. Perhaps because of this, the ancients who often looked at the bright night sky in a daze would weave such a beautiful story for these two stars.
Let's look at a description of Altair and Vega in The Book of Songs Dadong: "Where there is Han, there is light in prison. Three of the three, Vega, seven times a day. Even if the weaver girl is busy, she can't knit a stripe well. The morning glory is shiny, and the cart can't be pulled to load the box.
"This is probably the earliest literary work we can see, using the images of Penny and the Weaver Girl. But there is no mention of their love story here, only that the weaver girl moved seven times a day, and the cloth was not woven once. The Altair was at dawn every day and could not pull the box car. This shows that the ancients have long observed the frequent daily activities of Altair and Vega, and have long imagined them as weaver girls and old cows pulling carts.
In All the Way Altair, the Weaver Girl never weaved a cloth, but this time it was not because of the exploitation of the ruling class, but because she was forced to separate from her lover, so she had to go to Lacrimosa every day and had no intention of weaving. The seemingly shallow Milky Way is an insurmountable gap between two people. Across this sparkling river, the two can only face each other from a distance and have deep feelings. No matter what you say, you can't express your feelings. You can only care for each other and choke.
This poem was written from the perspective of the weaver girl, so many scholars think that the author wants to express the woman's thoughts about her long-distance husband. Some people think that its interpretation should be similar to poems such as "Mulberry on the Stranger" and "Ode to a Daughter", because the courtiers can't be reused by the monarch, and they express their distress through the mouth of thinking about women.
No matter how we interpret it, no matter what the story is, this poem has created a gentle and beautiful woman for us and made her experience a sad and full of parting love. The spread of every poem is inseparable from people's reading and thinking about it. We are just ordinary readers. Our views on a poem may not last forever, but we can see the wider world through reading and thinking.
Ok, that's all for today's sharing. I hope your literary world can be as broad and shining as the Milky Way.
Music: Heart Lake-Xu Meng? Ningxiang-Xu Qiang