First, the scale of import and export has been expanding, and its proportion in foreign trade has been increasing. Since 1995, the export of mechanical and electrical products in China has been the largest export commodity in China for 13 years. In 2007, the export of mechanical and electrical products increased from $654.38+659 million in 0978 to $701654.38+700 million, an increase of 1063 times, with an average annual growth rate of 27.2%. The proportion of China's foreign trade exports rose from 6.8% in 1978 to 57.6%. Imports of mechanical and electrical products increased from $5.65 billion in 1980 to $499 billion, an increase of 87 times, with an average annual growth rate of18.0%; The proportion of China's foreign trade imports rose from 28.2% in 1980 to 52.2%.
Second, the structure of export commodities has been continuously optimized. With the rapid growth of import and export, the transformation of export commodity structure to capital-intensive and technology-intensive products has been accelerated, the processing depth, added value and technical content of export products have been further improved, and the import and export commodity structure has been optimized. The export of mechanical equipment, transportation machinery and instruments is always higher than the average annual growth rate of mechanical and electrical products, and the export of mechanical and electrical products and equipment accounts for more than 93%. The export growth of energy, materials and labor-intensive products is relatively slow, which is lower than the national average growth rate of mechanical and electrical products exports. Over the past 30 years, China has exported a large number of complete sets of equipment and large-scale equipment to Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Africa and other countries and regions, including ships, airplanes, railways, smelting equipment, communication equipment, power generation equipment, power transmission and transformation equipment and so on.
Third, the international competitiveness of key industries has improved significantly. Over the years, through active participation in international competition, it has effectively promoted the technological progress of enterprises and promoted the improvement of the international competitiveness of a number of key industries.
-China's manufacturing technology of 300,000 kW and 600,000 kW large coal-fired generator sets has entered the international advanced ranks. At present, the total capacity of foreign installed and under construction generating sets with a capacity of over 300,000 kilowatts exceeds170,000 kilowatts.
-In 2004, the Xinzhou 60 aircraft independently developed and manufactured by China was successfully sold to Zimbabwe. Up to now, we have ordered 137 aircraft, including 87 overseas aircraft, and delivered and put into operation 15 aircraft.
-In 2007, China's shipbuilding industry ranked first, second and third in terms of new orders, hand-held orders and shipbuilding completion respectively.
Automobile is one of the export commodities with the greatest growth potential of our own brand. At present, China has become the largest potential market, the second largest consumer market and the third largest producer in the world. In 2007, China produced 8.883 million vehicles and exported 665.438 million vehicles.
-China telecom equipment with independent intellectual property rights provides equipment and services to more than 500 telecom operators in more than 0 countries around the world. Huawei's program-controlled switches have accounted for 32% of the global market share of program-controlled switches, ranking first in the world for three consecutive years.
-China has become the best production base and exporter of international household appliances. In 2007, the export value of China's household appliances industry reached US$ 31400 million, and the output and export volume of China's refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, color TVs, CD players, microwave ovens and other products all ranked first in the world.
4. Significant progress has been made in the implementation of all-round, diversified, key markets and key breakthroughs, and the development capacity of offshore markets has been significantly enhanced. While consolidating the development of traditional markets, exports to key markets such as North America and Western Europe have grown rapidly. The market structure is further diversified. In 2007, the export of mechanical and electrical products in China has covered 224 countries and regions, and there are 194 importing countries and regions. The total import and export of former 10 trading partners was101465438+300 million USD, accounting for 84.5% of the total trade of mechanical and electrical products. In addition to the rapid growth of major export markets, it has also made gratifying achievements in emerging markets such as Africa and Latin America, the Middle East, India and Russia. From the perspective of import market, imports from independent trading partners are dominant, imports from major trading partners such as Japan, the European Union, Taiwan Province Province and the United States are dominant, and imports from other trading partners have also increased to varying degrees.
5. Significant changes have taken place in the organizational structure of export enterprises. The export of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises has grown rapidly, and the main structure of diversified business has basically taken shape. Mechanical and electrical production enterprises have become the backbone of expanding exports. By 2007, the import and export of mechanical and electrical products of foreign-invested enterprises had maintained steady growth, accounting for nearly 3/4. After nearly 10 years of rapid development, private enterprises export products involving electronics, household appliances, electricians, automobiles, motorcycles, construction machinery, communications and other industries, and their position in the import and export of mechanical and electrical products is rising, accounting for 12%. The growth rate of import and export is 20% higher than that of foreign-invested enterprises, showing strong development potential. According to statistics, in 1985, there were less than 10 manufacturing enterprises whose national exports exceeded 5 million dollars. In 2007, there were 849 enterprises whose export volume exceeded US$ 654.38 billion, including 75 enterprises whose annual export volume exceeded US$ 654.38 billion and 3 enterprises whose annual export volume exceeded US$ 654.38 billion. Production enterprises have become the main force to explore the international market, and gradually formed a number of export enterprise groups, showing technical and management advantages and export stamina.
6. The contribution rate of import and export of mechanical and electrical products to economic growth has increased, which has become an important driving force for foreign trade and economic development. Since 2002, the total import and export volume of mechanical and electrical products has exceeded 50% of the total national import and export volume. In 2003, the export of mechanical and electrical products also exceeded 50%, accounting for 68% of the total national export. In 2007, the export of mechanical and electrical products accounted for 57.6% of the country's total export. Expanding the import and export of mechanical and electrical products has played an important role in optimizing the structure of import and export commodities, upgrading industrial technology, promoting the upgrading of industrial structure, improving international competitiveness and promoting the development of national economy. At the same time, it has also made positive contributions to increasing employment and maintaining social stability.
Information on the 60th anniversary of National Day: People's Life
1. The monthly deduction standard 1500 yuan can basically ensure that the basic living standard of urban residents is not affected by taxes. Due to the different national conditions and individual income tax systems in different countries, the deduction methods and standards are also quite different, but one thing is the same, but the expenses allowed to be deducted are only to ensure the basic living expenses of taxpayers and their dependents, including the basic living needs of taxpayers themselves, the basic living expenses of their dependents and medical insurance premiums, as well as the education expenses of their children.
According to the statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2004, the average wage of urban workers nationwide was 16024 yuan (monthly 1336 yuan), and the annual per capita consumption expenditure after deducting savings was 7 182 yuan. According to the support coefficient 1.9, the average monthly consumption expenditure of urban workers is 165438+.
Considering that the expenditure on housing, medical care and education is about 2 10 yuan, the monthly per capita consumption expenditure of cities and towns in China is about 1350 yuan. The monthly expense deduction 1500 yuan proposed in the new scheme is obviously higher than the average monthly salary level of employees and the average monthly basic consumption expenditure level of employees. If the deduction of working spouse 1500 yuan is added, a family's tax-free income of 3,000 yuan can guarantee the basic needs of individuals and families, and this expense deduction standard also has certain forward-looking space. It should be pointed out that according to the current progressive taxation method for wage income, the government does not collect all the monthly income of taxpayers that exceeds the 1500 yuan exemption, and the tax to be paid is only a very small proportion, so as to ensure that most of the income that exceeds 1500 yuan is reserved for taxpayers to improve their lives.
Second, the monthly deduction standard 1.500 yuan is basically suitable for China's current national conditions and financial affordability. China is still a developing country, and its financial resources are not abundant. The development between urban and rural areas and between regions is very uneven. Whether it is economic construction, the development of public utilities or poverty alleviation, the government will spend a lot of money, and the contradiction in the distribution of financial resources in all aspects is still very prominent. The basic principles of dealing with the contradiction of financial distribution are: "First, we must eat, second, we must build and third, we must develop scientifically". At present, personal income tax has become an important source of national, especially local, fiscal revenue. After the new scheme raises the monthly deduction standard to 1.500 yuan, the national fiscal revenue will be reduced by about 20 billion yuan every year. Government taxes are taken from the people and used by the people. If the deduction standard of wage income is further raised to a greater extent, it will probably exceed the financial capacity of our country and weaken the ability of governments at all levels to guarantee the transfer payment of compulsory education, public medical care, agricultural farmers, laid-off workers and other socially disadvantaged groups to a certain extent.
Thirdly, the monthly deduction standard 1500 yuan can appropriately adjust the higher income of some regions, industries and individual residents. With the development of economy, the income gap between China residents is getting bigger and bigger. In order to adjust the income distribution, the government should not only standardize the initial distribution, further increase the financial transfer payment, but also give full play to the role of personal income tax. In the new scheme, the monthly wage income deduction standard of 1.500 yuan will be uniformly implemented nationwide regardless of industries, developed areas and underdeveloped areas, so that on the one hand, the broad masses of low-income classes can be excluded from the scope of taxation; On the other hand, we can also adjust the tax rate structure, strengthen tax collection and management, appropriately increase the tax burden of high-income groups, and reflect the fairness and rationality of taxation.
Fourthly, the monthly deduction standard 1500 yuan is conducive to popularizing citizens' tax obligations and gradually improving the tax structure to meet the needs of future economic development. Personal income tax is not a wealth tax, nor is it a rich tax. It not only has the function of adjusting income distribution, but also is an important means for modern countries to obtain fiscal revenue. Judging from the situation of most countries in the world, paying individual income tax has become a universal obligation of a country's residents. 10 years ago, China set the expense deduction standard as a monthly 800 yuan, and the policy focus was mainly on adjusting high income; Today, after 10 years, people's income level and quality of life have been greatly improved. The purpose of personal income tax legislation should also keep pace with the times, from a single function of regulating distribution to a track of regulating distribution, expanding tax sources and popularizing tax obligations.
It should be pointed out that with the further development of China's economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the scope of individual income tax collection will be wider and wider, and the proportion of income will be greatly increased. On the premise of ensuring the basic needs of taxpayers, it is not only the inevitable result of economic development, but also the great progress of social development, and it is also the obligation of every citizen to the country.
2 Respondents:113.240.147. * 2009-9-20 14: 18.
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Other answers *** 3
Manuscripts for the 60th Anniversary of the Founding of People's Republic of China (PRC)
The land reform movement began at 1950.
The suppression of the counter-revolutionary movement began.
10 Chinese people's Volunteer Army went to Korea to fight.
Tibet was peacefully liberated in 195 1.
The land reform was completed in 1952.
The first five-year plan was implemented in 1953.
The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea ended.
1954 the first national people's congress was held and the first constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC) was promulgated.
1956 the eighth national congress of China * * * production party was held.
The socialist transformation of private ownership of the means of production in China has been basically completed.
1957, China * * * production party carried out rectification, and the anti-rightist struggle began.
1958 "great leap forward" movement and people's commune movement
1959 "anti-rightist" struggle
1964 China's first atomic bomb exploded successfully.
The Cultural Revolution began at 1966.
197 1 year, the counter-revolutionary group in Lin Biao was smashed.
The United Nations has restored our rightful seat.
1972 Sino-US and Sino-Japanese relations began to normalize.
1976 the 4th Five-Year Movement
Jiang Qing's counter-revolutionary clique was shattered and the "Cultural Revolution" ended.
At the end of 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee was held.
1982 the 12th national congress of China * * * production party was held.
1987 the 13th national congress of China producers' party was held.
1992 the 14th national congress of China * * * production party was held.
1 July 19971day, Hong Kong returned to China and the People's Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region was formally established.
In September, the 15th National Congress of China * * * Production Party was held.
199965438+On February 20th, Macao returned to China and the People's Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region was formally established.
200 1 Beijing's successful Olympic bid.
200 1 China formally joined the World Trade Organization, which accelerated China's opening to the outside world, improved the socialist market economy and made it international.
In 2003, China's first manned space flight, Shenzhou 5's manned spacecraft landed safely, and China's first manned space flight was a complete success. In 2005, the Shenzhou VI manned spacecraft was launched at 10.
Railway entry into Tibet: Tibet's railway construction has been fully launched, realizing a small section of the roof of the world and a big step in Tibet's history.
At the 28th Olympic Games in 2004, China athletes achieved excellent results.
We have solved the problem of food and clothing for the population of 654.38+0.3 billion, and basically reached a well-off level.
China's GDP: 13, crossing the step of 10 trillion, and its comprehensive national strength has been further enhanced.
2008: Successfully hosting the Olympic Games
My ancient and young motherland,
I am a seedling in your vast land,
Swing in your warm and considerate arms,
I am a bird in your boundless sky,
Singing in your warm heart,
In my veins,
The surging waves of the Yellow River,
In my heart,
Blooming with civilized flowers,
The ideal in my heart,
Show it in the blue sky of the motherland.
The east of the world,
There is a magical and beautiful country,
The vast sea,
It's her broad mind,
Great wall,
Is her strong backbone,
Speaking of the Yellow River,
It's her rushing blood,
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,
It's her stiff arm. ...
She-
It's my motherland.
Great People's Republic of China (PRC).
Another poem:
I can't help loving my motherland.
What can I use to love my motherland?
My country never hates me.
Study hard and work hard.
It is not in vain to make the motherland more and more beautiful.
What can I use to love my motherland?
My motherland is a very warm home.
Share worries and fight for the motherland.
Become a useful person and serve my country.
No matter how you live.
I can't help loving my motherland.
My motherland will always belong to me.
I will always belong to my motherland.
No matter how you live.
I can't help loving my motherland.
My motherland makes me rich.
Let me have unlimited power.
Couplets:
The first part: The 60th National Day, the party and the people are connected.
Part two: Mid-Autumn Festival in September, the sea is full of lights and feasts.
Part I: Celebrating the 60th National Day
Part II:1300 million Chinese people gather in China for the Spring and Autumn Festival.
The wind and rain are hard to stop, and the party is popular.
Celebrate the 60th anniversary under the full moon.
The first part: 30 years of reform and opening up have made brilliant achievements, avoiding arrogance and impatience.
The second part: Arriving at the birthday of the motherland, make persistent efforts in history.
Horizontal Identity: Harmonious China
Respondent: 96247980 1- doorman er 2009-9-19121.
Thank you, I also want to write this article.
Interviewee: Infinite Romantic Dream-Doorman Level 2 2009-9-1915: 31
60 years, the day when we live, the bomb command room, 60 years, the land in China has undergone tremendous changes. In 2009, our great motherland celebrated its 60th birthday.
1949, People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded! The people of China, suffering from war and backwardness, have finally stood up again! China, like a dragon, once again stands in the east of the world as a big country!
At that time, the people's livelihood in China was depressed, the economy was seriously backward, and the national cause was in ruins. In the face of devastated China, the government and people did not flinch and went forward bravely. It took only three years to restore the national economy and a number of touching stories emerged.
After three years of economic recovery, the national economy has been fundamentally improved, and industrial production has exceeded the highest level in history. However, at that time, China was still a backward agricultural country, and the per capita possession of many industrial products was much lower than that of developed countries.
In order to carry out socialist construction in a planned way, our government began to formulate a five-year plan to develop the national economy. The first five-year plan was implemented from 65438 to 0953, which became the starting point of China's industrialization.
At the beginning of the first five-year plan, the level of industrialization in China was extremely low. Bicycles for travel are called "foreign horses", matches for lighting, matches for nailing things, and nails for nailing things. Because people in China at that time had never seen these novel things, and they couldn't make them. They are all from the west. I didn't experience that hard time, but from the information films I have seen, I can fully understand that the people of China were still living in extreme poverty.
Time is like water, time flies. Time came in 2009, and I was watching the news that the third Antarctic scientific research station in China was built in front of the TV. This is another great achievement, and I began to think about it. I think of the 29th Summer Olympic Games successfully held by our motherland, the Bird's Nest, the heroism of Olympic athletes, the successful launch of manned spacecraft Shenzhou 5, No.6 and No.7, the space and the fact that China has become a pivotal member in the world space field. I think of the average annual growth rate of China's per capita GDP in the whole 30 years of reform and opening up 10%, the national strength of China, the fact that China has become the sixth country in the world in terms of comprehensive national strength, the rapid and sustained improvement of China's international status since the founding of New China, the history of New China and the glorious footprint of New China in the past 60 years!
Respondents:117.41.192. * 2009-9-20 13: 14
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