In the meantime, I heard something at dawn and dusk. The cuckoo sang and the blood ape screamed.
"Pipa Tour"
Era: Tang Dynasty Author: Bai Juyi
The Xunyang River sees off guests on the first night, and the maple leaves and flowers rustle in autumn.
The master dismounted and was on the boat. He wanted to drink wine but there was no orchestra.
I can’t be too drunk to say goodbye happily, and when I say goodbye, the vast river is soaked in the moon.
Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa playing on the water, and the host forgot to return the guest.
Looking for the sound, I secretly asked who was playing the pipa. The sound of the pipa stopped and I was too late to speak.
Moving the boat closer to invite us to meet each other, adding wine, turning back the lights, and re-opening the banquet.
After calling for a long time, he came out, still holding the pipa and half covering his face.
The three or two sounds of the strings being plucked by the rotating shaft indicate feelings before the tune is formed.
The strings muffle the sounds and thoughts, seeming to complain of failure in life.
The formalities of the letter were continued with a low eyebrow, saying all the things in one's heart.
Lightly gathered, slowly rolled, wiped and then picked again, at first it was a colorful dress and then it was six pieces.
The big strings are noisy like the rain, and the small strings are like whispers.
Noisy and jumbled bullets, big and small beads falling onto the jade plate.
The orioles in Guan Guan are talking at the bottom of the flowers, and the spring water is flowing down the beach.
The water spring is cold and astringent, and the strings are condensed, and the condensation will never pass through the sound.
Don’t feel sad and resentful. Silence is better than sound at this time.
The silver bottle bursts out, and the water slurries burst out, and the cavalry stands out with swords and guns.
At the end of the song, the plucked strings are carefully drawn, and the sound of the four strings is like cracking silk.
The east boat and the west boat were silent, except for the white autumn moon in the middle of the river.
While meditating and plucking the strings, I straighten my clothes and attract guests.
She said that she was originally a girl from the capital city, and her family lived under the Xia Toad Mausoleum.
On the 13th, he learned the pipa successfully and became the first member of the teaching group.
Qu Ba often teaches talented people how to dress well and make up so that Qiu Niang is jealous of her.
When Wuling was young, he was struggling with his head, and there were countless red silk songs.
The head of the ink is shattered by the grate, and the bloody skirt is stained by wine.
This year’s laughter will bring back the next, and the autumn moon and spring breeze will pass easily.
My younger brother joined the army and my aunt died.
There are few cars and horses in front of the door, and the boss is married to a businessman.
Businessmen value profit over separation. The month before last, they went to Fuliang to buy tea.
Going back and forth to keep the boat empty at the mouth of the river, the moon is shining brightly around the boat and the river is cold.
Late at night, I suddenly dreamed about my youth. I cried and cried, and my eyes were red with tears.
I sighed when I heard the pipa, and I sighed again when I heard the words.
We are both fallen people at the end of the world, so why should we have known each other before meeting.
I resigned from the Imperial Capital last year and was relegated to Xunyang City where I was sick.
There is no music in the remote place of Xunyang, and the sound of silk and bamboo is not heard all year round.
I live near the Huanjiang River in a low-humidity place, and the Huanglu Bamboo Bamboo grows around my house.
In the meantime, I heard something at dawn and dusk. The cuckoo sang and the blood ape screamed.
When the flowers on the spring river face the autumn moonlit night, I often drink wine alone.
Are there no folk songs and village flutes? It's hard to listen to the vomiting and muttering.
Tonight I hear your pipa music, and my ears are temporarily bright as if I were listening to fairy music.
Mo Cigen sat down to play a piece of music and translated it into a pipa line for you.
I feel like I have been saying this for a long time, but sitting down makes the strings turn sharply.
The mournful sound is not like the forward sound, and the whole house weeps when hearing it again.
Who cried the most in the audience? Jiangzhou Sima’s green shirt was wet.
[1] Xunyang River: the Yangtze River flowing through Xunyang. Suosuo: describes the sound of maple trees and reeds being blown by the autumn wind. ?
〔2〕Return the light: Move the light. Heavy: Again. ?
〔3〕Rotating the shaft to pull the strings: Turn the shaft around the strings on the pipa to adjust the tune. ?
[4] Cover up: cover up, suppress. Thinking: Read without the sound. ?
〔5〕Close: Use the fingers of your left hand to press the string and push it inwards (the middle of the pipa). Wipe: Pull the string to the left, also known as "playing". Nishang: namely "Nishang Yuyi Song". Liuxuan: The name of the big song, also called "Le Shi", "Green Waist", "Lu Yao", it is a song and dance song. ?
〔6〕Da string: refers to the thickest string. Xiaoxian: refers to the thinnest string. Cao Cao: heavy and comfortable. Qieqie: thin, quick and quiet. ?
〔7〕Jianguan: The smooth language of the warbler is called "Jianguan". You pharynx: like a blockage. ?
[8] Burst: sputtering. ?
〔9〕End of song: The music ends. pluck: a pluck used when playing string instruments. Beware: Drawing: Use a pluck to draw the four strings in the middle of the pipa. This is a right-hand technique often used at the end of a song. ?
〔10〕Fang: boat. ?
〔11〕Longrong: serious, reserved and polite attitude. ?
〔12〕Xia Toad Tomb: Southeast of Chang'an City, near Qujiang, it was a famous recreational area at that time. ?
〔13〕Jiaofang: A government-run institution in the Tang Dynasty that managed music, acrobatics, and taught singing and dancing. ?
〔14〕Qiuniang: A common name for singing and dancing prostitutes in the Tang Dynasty. Wuling: Outside Chang'an City, the tombs of the emperors of the Han Dynasty. Tou: Use brocade and other property to give to singing and dancing prostitutes. ?
〔15〕绡: Fine, light and beautiful silk fabric. ?
〔16〕Tin head cloud grate: a hair grate (comb hair set) inlaid with flowers. Beating section: Beating the beat. ?
〔17〕Color: aging appearance. ?
[18] Fuliang: ancient county name, belonging to Raozhou in the Tang Dynasty. In today's Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province. ?
〔19〕Come and go: after leaving.
?
〔20〕Crying in a dream and crying in makeup: Crying in a dream, with traces of tears on the face evened out by makeup. Lanqian: describes crying. ?
〔21〕Chong (pronounced in flat tone): re, meaning again. Chirp: sigh. ?
〔22〕vomit (yin Ou) dumb mock 哳 (yin Zhe): describes the noisy sound. ?
〔23〕Pipa language, pipa sound, music played by pipa. ?
〔24〕But sit: return to the original place. Tightening: Tightening the string. ?
〔25〕Forward tone: the monotone played just now. ?
〔26〕Green shirt: the color of clothing for the eighth-rank and ninth-rank civil servants in the Tang Dynasty. ?
The front door is deserted and there are few cars and horses ①?The boss married a business woman ②
①The sentence in front of the door: Because of the aging appearance, no one comes to visit, the front door is deserted and lonely, the cars and horses are Contacts became increasingly rare.
②The old man’s sentence: When I get older, I change my life as a prostitute and become a business woman. These two sentences describe a prostitute who is old and beautiful, the world is cold and cold, the front door is deserted, the carriages and horses are getting fewer and fewer, and she has no choice but to become a businessman's wife. The tragic life experience of the Pipa Girl is described in a lyrical style that is as touching as crying, which makes people sympathize.
The big strings ① are noisy and ② are like heavy rain? The small strings are ③ and ④ are like whispers
are noisy and mixed? Big beads and small beads are falling on the jade plate ⑤
< p>① Da string: Pipa has four strings, one is thinner than the other, and the thickest one is the da string.②Noisy; the sound of the big strings is heavy and long, like heavy rain covering the ground.
③Small string: The thinnest string.
④ Qingqing: The sound played by small strings is thin and quiet, like Qingqing whispering.
⑤Big Pearl Sentence: Describes the sound of the pipa playing, like pearls of different sizes falling on a jade plate. ⑥The title of the poem is "Pipa Play". "Pipa Yin" and "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" are both original long narrative poems and immortal masterpieces. They were written when the poet was the Sima of Jiangzhou. As early as the poet's lifetime, "boys could interpret the song "Everlasting Sorrow", and Hu'er could sing "Pipa"." Since then, it has been recited at home and abroad, showing its strong artistic vitality. The first two sentences of these four sentences are about the subtle sound of playing the pipa, suddenly like a heavy rain, sometimes like a whisper; the last two sentences are about the pipa playing the noisy sounds of the big strings and the small strings together, and the complex strings are coherent. , varied, and its sound is like pearls of different sizes falling on a jade plate, which is fascinating and intoxicating! The poet uses colorful, ingenious and novel metaphors to describe the ever-changing musical images, which are superb and lifelike. The use of double-tone and double-tone rhyming words further enhances the pleasant listening and rhythmic rhythm, and highlights the euphemistic and beautiful musical beauty of the poem.
This year’s laughter will return to next year’s? Autumn moon and spring breeze ①Easy degree②
①Autumn moon and spring breeze: a metaphor for the beautiful youth. ?
②Easy degree: spend time easily and casually.
These two sentences mean that the Pipa Girl recounts her life experience, her past life as a prostitute, and she spent her youth easily and casually in joy. Looking back on the past and present, I feel infinite regret and regret.
--Quoted from "Appreciation of the Best Poems of the Tang Dynasty" compiled by Li Jizhou/
Note: Penpukou: the place where the Pen River enters the Yangtze River. Xunyang River: a section of the Yangtze River north of Jiuzhu City. Gathering, twisting, wiping, and picking are all fingering methods for playing the pipa. Nishang: the abbreviation of "Nishang Yuyi Song"; Liumo, whose real name is "Lu Yao", that is, the musicians recorded the key points of the music into a score, and they were all popular tunes in the capital at that time.
Brief analysis: By writing about the misfortune of Pipa Girl’s life, combined with the blows the poet himself suffered in his official career, he sang the inner voice of “We are both fallen people in the world, so why should we meet before”. The turmoil of society, the harshness of the world, sympathy for the fate of the unfortunate, and feelings about one's own frustration, all these painful feelings accumulated in the heart are all poured into the poem. Its artistic success also lies in the use of beautiful, distinctive and musical language, and the use of visual images to express the feelings gained from hearing. The natural scenery and emotions of separation made by the bleak autumn wind make the work more touching.
In the tenth year of Yuanhe (815), Bai Juyi offended the powerful because of his outspoken advice and was slandered and demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. He was full of depression and had nowhere to vent. On the occasion of seeing off guests at Penpukou in the autumn of the following year, he described the unfortunate life experience of the Pipa Girl to express his infinite sentimentality about his own plight and his strong indignation against the dark politics. Xing, a genre of ancient Yuefu poetry. The whole poem has a tortuous narrative and is grand in length. Like the poet's other masterpiece "Song of Everlasting Sorrow", it is both an immortal work handed down from generation to generation. After Bai Juyi's death, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Li Chen wrote a poem to commemorate him. Among them was the line "A boy interprets the song "Eternal Sorrow", and Hu'er can sing "Pipa"", which shows that it was widely circulated at that time. ?
This poem can be divided into three paragraphs. The first paragraph begins with "The east boat and the west boat are silent, only seeing the white moon on the river in autumn", describing the accidental encounter with the pipa girl and her superb skills in playing the pipa. The poet saw off his guests at Jiangtou, where the autumn wind was bleak and desolate. When the host and the guest say goodbye, drunkenness does not lead to joy. In fact, drinking is just a way to drown sorrow and make it worse. At this moment, I suddenly heard the faint sound of pipa playing, and the guests and hosts were attracted to it at the same time. From the description of the friend's farewell to the introduction of the sound of the pipa and the advocating girl playing the pipa, the transition is extremely natural and clever.
At the same time, it also highlights the extraordinary acting skills of the pipa player from the side. Next, the artist's appearance is described. First, "the sound of the pipa stops and the desire to speak is too late". The word "chi" shows that the pipa player is hesitant and seems to have a secret, and then "thousands of shouts" "When the call comes out, I still hold the pipa half-hiding my face." This last sentence describes the shy look of the woman, which is very expressive and clever, and it is a famous saying that has been widely circulated through the ages. At the same time, it also implies that this is an unfortunate artist who has gone through many hardships and hardships. Sure enough, after tuning the strings and tuning, "the strings muffled the sounds and thoughts, as if complaining of a life of frustration." The sound of the strings was low, as if the player deliberately concealed and suppressed his inner emotions. Each string makes a low and melancholy sound, and each sound contains infinite sorrow. This paved the way for the subsequent description of Pipa Girl’s unfortunate life experience. The poem starts from describing the pipa girl's test movements, and gradually introduces the readers into the beautiful situation of the music. Her acting skills are exquisite and wonderful. The poet described her skillful skills with two lines: "Low eyebrows, letter formalities, continue to play", "Lightly folded, slowly twisted, wiped and picked again". Because he is well-trained, even if he plays randomly, he can still keep up with the rhythm. His playing skills can be said to be in a state of perfection. The poet then used complex, coherent, appropriate and beautiful metaphors to vividly describe the beauty of the pipa sound and the changes in rhythm. The noisy and hurling rain, the whispers, the beads falling on the jade plate, the warblers whispering under the flowers, the spring flowing under the ice, a series of exquisite metaphors seem to make the readers immersed in the scene. As for the low and slow pause of the music, like the coldness of an icy spring, the climax, like the breaking of a silver vase, the protruding iron cavalry, and the sound of the plucking of the music at the end, like cracking silk, each sentence is a novel and appropriate metaphor, among which "big beads and small beads fall on a jade plate" "Not only does it make people want to see the crispness of the sound, but it also makes people experience the feeling of the music being as round and round as pearls. The poem concludes with "The boats in the east and west are silent, only the autumn moon in the heart of the river is white", which illustrates the moving effect of the music and makes people intoxicated in the artistic atmosphere created by the playing of the pipa. ?
From "While meditating and plucking the strings, I straightened my clothes and gathered my face" to "Late at night, I suddenly dreamed about youthful things, and dreamed of crying, and my makeup was red with tears." This is the second paragraph, where the pipa girl tells her bitter experience and current misadventures. Judging from what she said, she was once an entertainer with excellent sex and art. When Wuling was young, the rich and noble princes rushed to give him money to wrap his head. At that time, she wore a silver grate with a silver head, and when she sang and danced, she would hit the joints with her hands, and her upper body would tremble accordingly. Sometimes her jewelry would fall to the ground and break; It's not a pity that the wine has stained my skirt. Spring flowers, autumn moon, good times and beautiful scenery, just passed day after day, year after year. However, glory fades away and beauty gets old easily. No one can come close to an old and beautiful artist anymore. She is like a bird that has been Broken toys are also thrown away by the wealthy children. "The door is deserted and the horses are sparse" is exactly the image of many song and dance artists in the feudal era, including Pipa Girl, in their later years. So she had no choice but to end up "the boss marrying a businessman" and depend on the businessman for the rest of her life. However, how can an old artist who has lost his beauty and appearance be able to tie down the heart of a businessman who values ??profits but neglects sentiment? Therefore, "businessmen value profit over separation." Men leave home to do business, and women stay alone in their empty boudoir. This has become their inevitable outcome. Her wish to get married and find a home to comfort her soul was once again in vain. The poet ended the pipa girl's confession with "Late at night, I suddenly dreamed about my youth, and my dream was crying and my makeup was red with tears." If you think about it during the day, you will dream at night. The so-called "dreams" are not accidental. "Crying in dreams" is also a reappearance of the emotions during the day. Recalling the bitter past and facing the painful experience at the moment, she couldn't help but burst into tears, and her makeup and makeup were mixed. . ?
The poet said in the "Preface": "I have been in office for two years, and I am at peace with myself. As people say, I began to feel the intention of relegation in the evening." The last paragraph of the poem is composed of the singer's words Reduced, associated with one's own demotion. Poets and singers are both "reduced people from the end of the world". They both have unique skills and extraordinary talents, but they also suffer from unfair treatment and are abandoned and strangled by the feudal system. The poem strongly expresses the poet's grief and indignation over his unfortunate demotion and his unfulfilled ambition. "We are both fallen people at the end of the world, how can we meet but we have known each other before" is discussed in the narrative. The philosophical implications contained in it are thought-provoking and have been widely recited for thousands of years. "What did you hear in the morning and evening? The cuckoo cries and the blood ape mourns." The description of the two images of the cuckoo crying blood and the mourning ape screams, which is inspired by the scenery and perfectly expresses the poet's mood of missing his hometown while traveling abroad. In the following text, I drink bitter wine alone, vomiting and laughing at the music of the folk song village flute. It says, "Xunyang is a remote place without music, and I don't hear the sound of silk and bamboo all year round." It tries to exaggerate the pain and misfortune of living in Xunyang. Le made a strong contrast. Finally, with the second performance of the pipa girl, the poet's blue shirt was wet with tears. The so-called "all the people in the house covered their eyes with tears after hearing it again" is a moving description of the music effect. It is a detailed description of the pipa performance in the second paragraph of the above paragraph, and "Jiangzhou Sima's green shirt was wet", which is the poet who cried the most. The description of "She is a fallen person at the end of the world", based on the misfortune of the singer, she felt painfully that she was demoted, and extended herself to others. She wept not only for the unfortunate life experience of the Pipa girl, but also for the difficulty in fulfilling her ambition. Qingshan: the official uniform worn by eighth- and ninth-rank officials in the Tang Dynasty. The author was the Sima of Jiangzhou at that time. He was a fifth-rank official and should wear light red. Said green shirt is intended to express one's degraded status. Hong Mai of the Song Dynasty said: "In one piece of Bai Letian's "Pipa Xing", readers only admired his grace and respected his lyrics. It was shaped in Yuefu and the chanting was not enough, so they thought it was really a piece of work advocated by Chang'an. ... The meaning of "Letian" is straight away. I want to express my hatred of being reduced to the end of the world.
"This passage points out the theme of the poem, but in terms of the ideological content expressed in the whole poem, this poem also expresses the poet's sincere sympathy for a female artist at the bottom of society. She has a sad unfortunate fate, and the poet Although the social status of being demoted from Beijing is different, they are similar in that their talents are not reused and they end up in the world. Therefore, the poet will "full of feelings of relegation and use the business woman to express it." There is a sense of sympathy for each other who is suffering from the same disease" (Volume 22 of "Poems of the Tang and Song Dynasties").?
The whole poem describes the pipa girl's outstanding performance in detail. Her unfortunate experience aroused the poet's strong feelings The poet's miserable life of relegation also deeply touched the hearts of female artists. They are "the same fallen people in the world", so it is easy for them to sympathize and pity each other, and the poet uses full of emotions to communicate. She uses rich and emotional strokes to narrate stories, depict scenes, and depict characters, thus successfully creating two distinct artistic images of the Pipa Girl and the Poet. ?
The description of the Pipa Girl in her early years is particularly outstanding. She is proud of the spring breeze, left in the cold in middle age, and stays alone in her later years. Her misfortune is very typical; at the same time, the artistic image created by the poet is also very personal. Her beauty in youth, her versatility, her tragic Life experience and the shame and sadness when "still holding the pipa half-hiding" are unique. This image reflects the unity of personality and sexuality. From the perspective of the structure of the poem, the story narrated in this poem is not complicated. , but with the help of the poet's superb artistic skills, the plot is arranged in an ups and downs, and the materials are tailored and detailed. The first time is a generous splash of ink, and the second time is as ink as gold. The first is a realistic description, and the second is a realistic description. In terms of language, the poems are simple and plain, smooth and natural, the rhythm is harmonious, and they are full of musical beauty. "It is distant and profound, its meaning is subtle but obvious, its sound is sad and thoughtful, and its words are detached." It is "the same as Du Fu's "Watching Gongsun Auntie's Disciples Dance with Swords". It has been a masterpiece for thousands of years. People love it.