Li Qingzhao.
Living as a celebrity and dying as a ghost hero comes from Li Qingzhao's "Summer quatrains". The whole poem is:
Living as a celebrity and dying as a ghost hero.
so far, I miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong.
It is reported that:
In 1127 AD, the powerful Jin soldiers invaded the Central Plains, smashed the Qionglou Yuyuan Garden of the Song Dynasty, and took away the two emperors, Hui and Qin. The Zhao and Song Dynasties fled south in haste. Li Qingzhao and his wife also began to wander and escape. Soon, her husband Zhao Mingcheng was appointed as the magistrate of Jiankang in Beijing. One night, there was a rebellion in the city. As a magistrate, Zhao Mingcheng did not do his duty to command the suppression, but quietly ran away with a rope. After the rebellion was decided, Zhao Mingcheng was dismissed by the court. Li Qingzhao was deeply ashamed of her husband's chicken out. Although there was no quarrel, the harmony between fish and water in the past was gone forever. Since then, she has been cold and alienated from Zhao Mingcheng. In 1128, they fled in the direction of Jiangxi, and they were relatively speechless and embarrassed along the way. Standing in the place where Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, was defeated and committed suicide, Li Qingzhao couldn't help but think about it, and the emotion surged. Facing the vast river, I recited this poem casually. Zhao Mingcheng stood behind her, and after hearing it, she felt sorry for herself and deeply blamed herself. From then on, he was depressed and died of an acute illness soon.
Appreciation:
The poem borrows the historical story of Xiang Yu, the overlord of the western Chu Dynasty, who refused to drag out an ignoble existence after his failure and committed suicide in Wujiang River to satirize the capitulation and escapism of the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty, and expresses his hope to resist the Japanese war and restore his thoughts and feelings in his native land. The sentence "Life is a hero, death is a hero" is especially powerful. Li Qingzhao's poem, which starts with a pen, is correct and dignified, penetrating people's minds and pointing to people's spine. "Life is an outstanding person, and death is a ghost hero" is not a delicate combination of words, nor a clever touch-up of a few words; It is a concise essence, a bearing of boldness of vision and a fearless attitude towards life. That kind of awe-inspiring spirit, awe-inspiring righteousness, fills the space between heaven and earth, and makes ghosts and gods change color in vain. The place where "as" is "as", a woman! Delicate and boneless hands, delicate and weak body, soft interpretation, wrapped around fingers and heart, sad and touching, delicate and touching beyond measure. Through her consistent writing style, she is well-known as the "Sect of Gracefulness" in the literary world. When the strength of the pen tip protrudes and the strength of the pen tip appears, how many people in the world can match this strength and momentum? "I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong." The poetess remembered the fierce Chu tyrant named Xiang Yu, followed the spirit and integrity of Xiang Yu, and hated the current politics of the Song Dynasty when those in power stole peace. They all say take a step back and broaden the horizon. Just a river away, it is the boundary between life and death, but only one thought is the difference between life and death. Xiang Yu, in order to be worthy of the hero's honor, was innocent of being a seven-foot man, innocent of being entrusted by his elders in Jiangdong, and paid for his death. "No"! It's not "can't", it's not "don't want to", it's not "unwilling" and it's not "not going". A "no" pen to charm, better than uncanny workmanship, higher than heaven and earth. A heroic spirit of "killing without humiliation" and "dying without fear without humiliation", which permeates the paper and penetrates the back of the paper, is amazing without any words! This poem is high-pitched and clearly puts forward the value orientation of life: when people are alive, they should be heroes among people and make contributions to the country; Even if you die, you have to die for your country and become a hero among ghosts. Patriotic passion, beyond words, was really inspiring at that time. The rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty, regardless of the lives of the people, only cared about their own escape; Abandon the rivers and mountains of the Central Plains and drag out an ignoble existence. Therefore, the poet remembered Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu broke through to Wujiang River, and the director of Wujiang Pavilion advised him to cross the river quickly, return to Jiangdong, and re-drum. Xiang Yu felt ashamed to see his elders in Jiangdong, so he turned around and fought hard, killing hundreds of enemy soldiers and then committing suicide. The poet lashed out at the shameless behavior of the ruling party in the Southern Song Dynasty, and used the ancient times to satirize the present, which was awe-inspiring. The whole poem is only twenty words, and three allusions are used in succession, but there is no harm in piling it up, because it is all the poet's voice. Hit the floor's poems, so generous and vigorous, are written by women, which is really overwhelming.
Brief introduction of Li Qingzhao:
Li Qingzhao (March 13, 184 -1155), Yi 'an Jushi, was born in Zhangqiu, Songqi Prefecture (now northwest of Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong Province) and lived in Jinan. A poetess in Song Dynasty, a representative of graceful and restrained school, is known as "the first talented woman in history". Born in a scholarly family, her early life was prosperous, and her father Li Gefei had a rich collection of books. When she was a child, she laid a literary foundation in a good family environment. After marriage, she devoted herself to the collection and arrangement of calligraphy and painting stones with her husband Zhao Mingcheng. Nomads from the central plains, flow in the south, the situation is lonely. In his lyrics, he wrote more about his leisurely life in the early stage, and lamented his life experience and sentimental mood in the later stage. In form, we make good use of line drawing, develop our own ways and use beautiful language. On Ci, it emphasizes harmony and elegance, puts forward the theory that Ci is "different from one family", and opposes the method of writing Ci as poetry. Being able to write poems, there are not many left, and some of the chapters have a sense of time and praise history, and their words are generous, which is different from their ci style.
There are Yi Lee An Ji, Yi 'an Jushi Anthology and Yi 'an Ci, which have been lost. Later generations compiled Shu Yu Ji and Shu Yu Ci. There is a collection of Li Qingzhao today.
Li Qingzhao's character:
Li Qingzhao, a graceful and restrained poet, is actually a strong, open-minded, rebellious, keen, brave and patriotic woman. The formation of this character is related to its own character and origin. "Yi An is natural and unrestrained, but competitive" (Long Muxun's Narration of Shuyu Ci). Pingsu's "guessing sentences and punishing tea" and "risking snow to find poems" have proved her confident and proud, free and easy character. And she is the daughter of Li Gefei, who was known to Su Shi for her articles. Obviously, Li Qingzhao not only inherited her father's literary talent, but also inherited her father's noble character of being loyal and caring for the country and the people. "Only if he doesn't want to go to the boudoir, he will be able to look at it vertically, so he can use his pen to overwhelm the man" (Long Muxun's "On the Narrative of Shuyu's Ci"), which can really be regarded as "an outstanding person and a ghost hero".
Introduction to Xiang Yu:
Xiang Yu (232 BC-22 BC), a native of Xiaxiang (now Suqian, Jiangsu) in Qin Dynasty, is a representative of China's military thought "Brave School", and enjoys equal fame with Sun Wu, Han Xin and others. In the first year of Qin Ershi (the first 29 years), his uncle Xiang Liang revolted in Wuzhong (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). After Xiang Liang was killed, he led the army to cross the river to save Zhao Wangxie, and the Battle of Julu destroyed the main force of Qin Jun in Zhang Han. After the death of Qin, he was called the overlord of the west Chu. After fighting for the world with Liu Bang, they fought a Chu-Han war for four years. In 22 BC, they were defeated (now south of Lingbi, Anhui Province) and broke through to the Wujiang River (now west of the Yangtze River in Hexian County, Anhui Province) to commit suicide. Xiang Yu has been rated as the most intrepid and famous military commander in the history of China, calling him "a hero in life and a hero in death".
Xiang Yu's life story:
Young hero:
In 224 BC, Wang Jian, the general of Qin Dynasty, defeated the Chu army. The following year, Qin Jun attacked Qinan (now Suzhou City, Anhui Province), and Xiang Yu's grandfather Xiang Yan was defeated and killed. After the demise of Chu, Xiang Yu and his younger brother Xiang Zhuang went into exile with their uncle Xiang Liang in Wuxian (now Suzhou). When Yu was young, Xiang Liang taught him to read, but Xiang Yu soon got tired of it. Houliang taught him martial arts again, and soon stopped learning it; Liang is furious! Ji said: "Reading can be used to remember names, but learning martial arts can only beat one person. If you want to learn, you will learn from ten thousand people!" So Xiang Liang taught him the art of war. But he didn't want to learn after studying for a while, so Liang had to follow him and leave him alone. Xiang Yu was able to carry the tripod and was extremely ambitious when he was young. When Qin Shihuang was on a patrol in Zhejiang, Xiang Yu saw that his horses and chariots were in awe-inspiring, and he said to Xiang Liang, "He can take it instead." In 29 BC, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang raised their arms in osawa Township and rose up. Xiang Yu responded with his uncle Xiang Liang's assassination of the satrap Yintong dispatch troops in Wuzhong. In this campaign, Xiang Yu killed nearly 1 guards of Yintong alone, showing his unparalleled martial arts for the first time! Twenty-four-year-old Xiang Yu, in this way, led 8, Wuzhong men to rebel against the Qin Dynasty and stepped onto the historical stage.
banquet at Hongmen:
After Xiang Yu wiped out Qin Jun's main force, he led the vassal army to advance into Guanzhong. Unexpectedly, Liu Bangjun had got there first and entered Xianyang. Originally, when Xiang Yu was fighting with Qin Jun's main force in Julu, Liu Bang led another rebel army to use Qin Jun's main force to seize the opportunity of Julu, go to Gaoyang (now southwest of Qixian County, Henan Province), Kewan City (now Nanyang, Henan Province), enter Wuguan, successfully enter Bashang (now southeast of Xi 'an City), and force Zi Ying, the king of Qin, to surrender and occupy Xianyang first. After Liu Bang occupied Guanzhong, he sent troops to retreat and stopped Xiang Yu from entering the customs. When Xiang Yu saw this, in a rage, he broke through the customs and entered Hongmen (now northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi). The two armies of Liu and Xiang were at swords' points, and the contradiction intensified rapidly. At that time, Xiang Yu supported more than 4, troops, while Liu Bang was less than 1,. Xiang Yu has the intention to destroy Liu Bang's army with superior forces to monopolize Guanzhong. Counselor Fan Zeng also advised him to "hurry and don't lose." Just as Xiang Yu was about to take action, his uncle leaked the action attempt to Liu Bang. Knowing that he was defeated, Liu Bang wooed Xiang Bo, asking for mediation, and went to Hong Men to show sincerity. Xiang Yu is a man who lacks a strategic mind. He couldn't stand a few good words from Liu Bang, so he changed his plan to destroy Liu. At the banquet hosted by Liu Bang, no matter how Fan Zeng hinted, Xiang Yu could not make up his mind to capture and kill Liu Bang. Fan Zeng knew that releasing the tiger to the mountain would have serious consequences, so he called Xiang Zhuang and asked him to lend his sword to kill Liu Bang. Liu bang found an excuse to escape. This is the famous "hongmen banquet" in history.