Prose is characterized by scattered form and scattered spirit. So when appreciating prose, we must first understand what prose is. Characteristics of Prose: Prose is a kind of literary and emotional style with rich content, wide subject matter, short length, diverse genres, flexible form. There are six characteristics in writing: (1) rich in content, diverse in forms and wide in subject matter. The content of great prose involves all things in nature, all kinds of people, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, political events ... it can be said to be all-encompassing and ubiquitous. Can write literary essays, reading notes and diaries; It can be local customs, travel notes, essays, knowledge notes and literary anecdotes; It can talk about everything, or it can be lyrical and interesting. Anything that can enlighten people's thoughts, cultivate people's aesthetic feeling, broaden people's horizons, enrich people's knowledge and make people relaxed and happy can be selected as the subject of prose. Therefore, prose writing can remember people, describe things, describe scenes, express feelings, make sense, shout, roar, attack, praise, humor, irony, sing loudly, sing softly, ramble, laugh and curse, and explain things with witty remarks … all kinds. Secondly, writers can freely and flexibly choose various genres to write, such as inscriptions, essays, travel notes, letters, diaries, prefaces and postscripts, random thoughts, essays, memoirs, and feelings after reading. And they can all be written into excellent works. (2) Wisdom, humor and open-mindedness. The charm of profound prose style, of course, comes from the writer's insight and true feelings. But to turn it into a literature with harmonious colors, natural rhythm and meaningful charm, we must also rely on the mastery of words and the high purification of pen and ink. Yu creatively found the intersection of history and literature, built a bridge between cultural scholars and the public, and carried out an ideological gallop full of epoch-making significance between history and reality, reality and ideal. Ms. Wang commented that Mr. Yu, as a literary theorist, cultural historian and writer, with his profound knowledge of literature and history, rich cultural perception and artistic expression, and with the help of prose, the carrier of humanistic character, vividly revealed the great connotation of China culture. In the profound China culture and the ancient and mysterious history of China, he made the most profound and chic crossing with frivolous prose. Yu's prose "explains in simple terms, tells big problems and profound truths with short length and simple words", which is a great deal. Yes, after reading every article, I seem to see a historical philosopher, thoughtfully trudging through the mountains, rivers, ruins and towns of nature. Together with this philosopher, we savor history and experience culture, and let the wind of Tang and Song dynasties blow through our sentimental and fragile hearts. "Maturity is a bright but not dazzling brilliance, a mellow but not greasy voice, a calmness that no longer needs to sense words from others, an atmosphere that eventually no longer appeals to the surrounding area, a smile that ignores the hubbub, an extreme indifference that washes away, a massiness that does not need to be told, and a height that is not steep. The lofty sentiments ferment, the fierce mountain winds stop, and the rushing streams merge into lakes. " (3) Free and smart, rich in associations, free to write what Lin Yutang said: "Articles written by people who are not conformists." Accidental and intentional carelessness No hanging, no obstacles, chic. Free and flexible prose writing is "a carefully carved article with the appearance of random graffiti." (Beichuan Shirakawa: "Out of the Ivory Tower") The characteristics of free and flexible prose writing, in writing, first refers to flexible expression, not limited to a certain expression. Yu Guangzhong's Listening to Cold Rain is about rain, including rain in Taipei, rain in Chinese mainland, rain in the United States, how ancient people listened to rain, how childhood listened to rain, and how modern people listened to rain. Write history, ancient poems, music, movies and paintings at one time; Listen, look, smell, smell and lick the rain. "Listen, the cold rain. Look at that cold rain. Smell it, cold rain, lick it, cold rain. Rain fell on his umbrella, raincoats on the umbrellas of millions of people in this city, antennas on houses, and rain on Keelung's boat in the breakwater channel. Rain is a woman and should be the most emotional. Ethereal and psychedelic, smell it carefully, refreshing and refreshing, with a little mint flavor. When it is strong, it gives off a faint earthy smell peculiar to vegetation after rain. Maybe it's actually the smell of earthworm and snail. After all, it was a shock. Maybe it is the life on the ground and underground, maybe the memory of ancient China is stupid and crawling, maybe it is the subconscious and speech of plants, and there is something fishy in it. " Structurally, it is characterized by expressing the theme meaning around the protagonist's feelings in the long rainy season. He mobilized listening, seeing, smelling and other sensory ways to expand association, and gathered various images into a unified artistic conception. For example, the author writes that the image produced by listening to the rain is bleak, sad and even more sad, thus lamenting that "rain should be a wet soul". When the author wrote It's raining, he felt "fresh and refreshing", "a little mint fragrance" and "a unique faint earthy smell", thus associating with "underground life" and "China's hierarchical memory". Looking at the Rain, the author captures the image of the tile "the streamer floating over the wet city, gray and gentle, the light is dim and dark against the light", and describes that the image of the city is covered in a huge ground glass and the darkness is prolonged and deepened indoors, thus writing the unique image of "gentle gray beauty". And from this song "Gentleness and Kindness", I thought of my mother's lullaby and the vitality of Jiangnan water town. In short, the author writes about rain with all kinds of feelings, expresses his feelings with all kinds of rain, and gathers all kinds of images into the artistic conception of homesickness and patriotism. (4) Being scattered and received, Su Shi, a great essayist and poet in the Song Dynasty, said in Wen Shuo: "My prose is like a thousand springs, and it comes out indiscriminately. On the flat land, it gurgles, although it is difficult to travel thousands of miles a day. And it is unknowable with the twists and turns of rocks and the shape of things. What is known often depends on what it does and often stops at what it can't. That's all. " Pick up the leftovers of social life at will, chat at will, but the atmosphere is full. Liang Yuchun: "When writing a sketch, I deliberately talked nonsense for a while, and I saw the beautiful and elegant appearance." Liang Shiqiu's man: "The first impression a man gives is dirty! ..... Some men, although their suits and trousers are straight, have necks behind their ears and fertile soil, which is often suitable for growing wheat! How many men specialize in washing their faces, ignoring the frontier. After washing your face, the back of your hand can be kept moist, and some men brush their teeth after they get married. It's men who talk about it. What's more, someone once scratched his back in public, and a mouse fell off his cuff! " When you are in the mood, you say something meaningless and unnecessary, but sometimes, like a ghost, you have inexplicable emptiness and pen and ink interest. Don't use emotional words, don't pull a face. "Form is scattered but spirit is not scattered" is the experience of many prose writers. Prose must be "scattered" and "rich", that is to say, on the surface, in form, it is like the wind, informal and seemingly rambling, writing is intermittent, sometimes sketching, sometimes flashbacks, sometimes feelings are generated, and sometimes Kan Kan talks about astronomy and geography as well as ethical feelings. This paragraph is written in one place and that paragraph is written in one place. But its "spirit" is persistent and consistent all the time, and it shows some thoughts and feelings of the author. "God receives" and "not miscellaneous" mean that the article always closely revolves around a center and runs through a red line, so that the structure is compact, the levels are clear, the details are appropriate and the main points are prominent. Combine "scattered form" and "gathered spirit" to achieve control in indulgence. This is a remarkable feature of Yu culture prose. On the one hand, he is indulgent, imaginative, fluent in reasoning and peaceful in speech. These factors constitute the tension of indulgence, which makes his writing style like Ma Benteng, narrative and association appear free, showing the momentum that the article is full of emotion and reasoning is better than eloquence. On the control side, narrative, description, discussion and lyric always run through such ideological clues-a low and sentimental historical atmosphere. In the process of cutting, splicing and expressing the theme, the clues of prose become internal cohesion, which makes narrative, scenery writing, discussion and all intellectual materials stick to the "center" of reasoning or lyricism all the time and everywhere, scattered and unified, miscellaneous but not chaotic, scattered and scattered. In each of his essays, he describes little-known anecdotes, anecdotes, interesting stories, legends and stories, as well as the customs of China and other parts of the world. These rich historical knowledge contribute to his quick thinking and rich imagination, as well as the profundity of his works and the expansion of his realm. For example, in Shanghainese, the author's thinking and imaginative imagination for thousands of years easily integrated the accumulation of literary and historical knowledge into the perceptual narrative, and the writing of Xu Guangqi's cultural character and Shanghai's history are vivid and vivid materials for Yu to appropriately explain the theme of building a new form of Shanghai civilization. Others, such as "Millennium Courtyard" and "Jinshi", all run through the whole article with ideological clues and pay attention to the lightness of brushwork, so as to suppress Zhang Chi and achieve unity of form and spirit in change. (5) Writing with outstanding personality and charming style should be "like a person", especially prose. Famous artists have their own styles, and even if their works are not signed, readers can see the author from their styles. For example, Lu Xun's prose is profound, refined and sharp. Although he often changes his pen name when writing articles, the article "He Jiagan" can be seen as Lu Xun at a glance. Guo Moruo's prose is magnificent, beautiful and moving. Mao Dun's prose is profound and implicit, which is contrary to Guo Moruo's vastness. Also, Lao She's prose is humorous, Bing Xin's prose is kind, Ye Shengtao's prose is rigorous and open-minded, Ji Fang's prose is chic and elegant, and so on. Beginners can't form their own prose style for a while, but they must learn from these prose writers with their own styles and try to form their own prose style after many exercises and creations. Yu Guangzhong's "Listening to the Cold Rain": "The rain hits the tree tiles, and the rhythm is crisp and audible. Especially the clang on the roof tiles, belongs to China's ancient music. Wang Yucheng is in Huanggang, breaking bamboo into tiles. It is said that living in a bamboo building, the sound of rain is like a waterfall, and the sound of dense snow is louder than broken jade. Moreover, the effect of * * * is particularly good, regardless of drum, poetry, chess and pot. Isn't it like living in a bamboo tube? I'm afraid any fragile sound will be doubled and exaggerated, but it will make the ears allergic. Rainy roof tiles, with wet streamers, are gloomy and gentle, with dim light and dark backlight, which is a low comfort to vision. As for the rain hitting the tiles with thousands of claws, from far and near, it is soft and heavy. With the trickle flowing down the tile trough and eaves, all kinds of tapping and sliding sounds are closely woven into a net. Whose fingers are massaging the helix. " It's raining. "Gentle grey beauty came, and her cold hands flicked countless black keys grey keys on the roof, suddenly turning noon into dusk. (6) Brilliant, brilliant literary talent, does not lie in the fancy words, deliberately carved, but in the expression, simplicity and sincerity. If the rhetoric is piled up, just like a woman who loves beauty but is not good at dressing up, she thinks that the thicker the powder, the better, the brighter the better. In fact, it is vulgar and makes people frown. Prose writers should have a particularly keen eye and insight, be able to see and discover what others have not seen, and also need extremely rigorous and profound writing skills. Don't be impetuous when creating, calm down, try your best to find accurate words and phrases, arrange them, and express more meanings with less words. This is what the ancients called "simplicity and complexity". It is necessary to make the language present a vivid picture and briefly describe the voice, appearance and main features of the characters, so that readers can firmly remember the movements, gait and tone of the characters described at once. In the poetic narrative style, Yu comprehensively used such expressive techniques as description, discussion and lyricism, as well as novel brushwork, drama brushwork, stories and legends, close-ups and allusions. These unique writing techniques have played an important role in setting off the theme and making the article more profound. At the same time, his prose is both readable and durable. For example, all his essays are the stylistic structure of argumentative essays, which is rare in the ease that prose should have. This is a bold introduction to argumentative writing, which makes the article have a strong writing momentum and artistic appeal. Fictitious and legendary features of narrative. I know China people's reading habits very well, hoping to find a reliable context to catch readers' interest in reading, and the novel has such an effect. One of the elements of a novel is a story. As far as literary knowledge is concerned, we all know that prose is a relaxed and free issue. As long as it is the need of subject matter and writing, it is also possible to make it up appropriately. I am good at making up stories. There are many legendary stories in his prose, such as Taoist Pagoda, which tells the story that Dunhuang cultural relics were cheated away by foreigners at the beginning of this century. More complicated, such as stormy days, Su Dongpo's breakthrough, the first is a legendary story about a private library in Ningbo in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the second is an accidental story before Su Dongpo wrote Nian Nujiao and Nostalgia at Red Cliff, all of which are very interesting novel materials. Yu introduced these novel materials into prose, which just achieved the creative intention of prose, and all roads lead to the same goal. The elements of the novel also have details, and it is one of the novelists' efforts to construct a series of humanistic paintings with details. Yu's essays are often vivid and numerous, which together with stories become the cornerstone of his incisive argument. Of course, Yu mainly followed the techniques and concepts of traditional novels and infiltrated into the article, making the article ups and downs, twists and turns, and always full of reading tension, so that readers will not feel mental fatigue when accepting the text. In the stormy days, there is a thrilling family secret history. In the tranquility here, there are mysterious and bizarre tomb sites, and most titles such as Liu Hou Temple and Jiangnan Town. There are poets, celebrities, romantic aftertaste and anecdotes, which become the highlights of the article and constantly stimulate readers' interest in reading.
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