Country or region: United States
Subject: Astronomers
Simple calendar
Percival Lowell was born into a noble family in Boston. His sister amy lowell is a first-rate poet; His brother became the president of Harvard University. After he graduated from Harvard University with a score of 1876, he did business for a while and went to the Far East. But he was interested in mathematics and dabbled in astronomy when he was young. Schiaparelli reported that there was a "canal" on Mars, which made him very excited. When he returned to the United States, he had the money to build a private observatory in Arizona without having to work hard for a living. There, the dry desert air several kilometers high and the lights far away from the city make astrology very quiet. 1894 Lowell observatory completed. At that time, Mars was very close to the earth. Lowell studied Mars for fifteen years and took thousands of photos of it. There is no doubt that he saw (or thought he saw) the canal. In fact, he saw much more than Xia Parelli did. He also drew a detailed map, which eventually included more than 500 canals. He marked the "oasis" where the canals meet, and reported that the canals sometimes seem to be in pairs, which recorded the seasonal changes in detail and seemed to reflect the rise and fall of crops. In a word, he is the patron saint of intelligent life believers on Mars. At the same time, Pickering studied Mars almost as hard, but he reported straight stripes, which were few and moving, and didn't look like Lowell's chiseled stripes at all. Modern astronomers sided with Pickering against Lowell. They point out (for example, Jones said) that when visibility reaches its limit, irregular marks will make eyes feel like crossed straight lines. In other words, the canal is probably an optical illusion. Lowell is also famous in another way. Even after Levell Adams discovered Neptune, the difference of Uranus' motion was not fully understood. Still a little off the track of calculation. Lowell thinks it originated from another planet besides Neptune. He calculated the possible position of the planet in the sky (according to its influence on Uranus) and determined to find the planet he called X. Lowell never found it, but after his death, he searched with a better telescope for fourteen years, and finally Tombaugh achieved a successful result. The new planet is named Pluto, which is an appropriate name for the planet farthest from the sun (as far as we know now); It is no accident that the first two letters of this name are the initials of percival Lowell.
Bert Lowell (19 17- 1977)
Lowell is recognized as the most important poet in contemporary America, and his creative experience typically reflects the changes of contemporary American intellectuals' thoughts.
Lowell was born in a famous cultural family in New England and studied at Harvard in his early years. Dissatisfied with the cultural traditions of New England, he left school and went to the south to work for ransom at Kenyon College. Then he went to Louisiana State University to study Robert Pan Warren, Collins and Brooks, and made friends with Allen Tudor. During this period, he converted to Catholicism.
In his early years, Lowell fully demonstrated that he was the most proud of new criticism, and his poems were exquisite and meticulous, full of satire and religious symbols. 1946 Pulitzer Prize-winning poetry collection "Lord Willie's Castle" is the masterpiece of this period.
Lowell opposed the United States' entry into World War II and was imprisoned for more than half a year for refusing to perform military service.
Lowell's dramatic transformation in the late 1950s is a key point in the history of contemporary American poetry. Life Research, a collection of poems published from 65438 to 0959, contradicts Eliot's new criticism of "impersonal" poetry style, and describes personal experiences and family problems in an amazing way, thus opening the prelude to the confessional poetry movement in the 1960s. It can be said that confession poetry is an academic school impacted by autopsy, and life research has become the fulcrum of the whole contemporary American poetry, and it is also the meeting point of two ideological trends.
Lowell was an active participant in mass movements in 1960s, and was arrested for participating in demonstrations. The analysis of American society in his poems during this period is extremely sharp.
Robert lowell: American Confessional Poet
Those who died for the union.
"He gave up everything to serve his country."
The ancient South Boston Aquarium is still standing.
In a snowy desert, his broken window was boarded up.
Half the scales of the bronze cod-shaped weathervane have fallen off.
The reservoir dried up.
My nose used to crawl on the glass like a snail;
My hands used to itch.
Trying to pierce the nostrils of those docile and obedient fish
Small bubbles that come out.
My hand shrank back. I still often work for
The kingdom of fish and reptiles breeds and sighs in the darkness below.
One morning in March
I'm next to Boston Square.
Newly-built spike galvanized fence.
Behind the cage, a yellow excavator roared like a dragon.
Dig out tons of slush and grass,
Dig an underground garage.
The parking lot sparkles.
Sandpiles in downtown Boston.
The orange, clean pumpkin light beam is like a belt.
Surrounded by the crumbling state building,
It vibrates because of digging,
Opposite is the amazing civil war relief of St. Sundance.
Colonel Xiao and the black infantry regiment with bulging cheeks
Supported by a piece of wood to resist the vibration of the garage.
Two and a half months after entering Boston,
Half the players were killed,
When the monument was erected,
William james could almost hear the breathing of the black bronze statue.
Their monument is like a fish bone.
Stuck in the throat of this city.
Its colonel is like a compass.
Needles are generally thinner.
He was as alert as an angry wren,
Slight nervousness of the hound;
He seems afraid of having fun,
But suffocated by loneliness.
He's free now. He is loved by people,
Cheer for the special power to choose between life and death-
When he led the black soldiers to death.
His waist can't bend.
In thousands of small towns on the green plains of New England
This ancient white church is still simple and sincere.
Rebellious air, worn-out flags
Covered with * * * and the cemetery of the national army.
An abstract statue of a union soldier.
Getting thinner and younger every year-
Thin waist, dozing off with a musket.
Meditate in their beards.
Shaw's father doesn't want a monument,
Except for a small ditch,
His son's body was left there.
Lost with his slave.
Trenches are approaching.
There were no statues left here in the last war;
On the boulevard in Bohailston, an advertising photo.
Showing the boiling of Hiroshima
The "eternal boulder" on Morris's safe
Rescued in the explosion. The space is closer.
When I bend over to watch TV
Kurome's haggard face rose like a balloon.
Colonel shaw
Now ride on the bubble.
He waited.
A happy breakup.
The aquarium is missing. It's everywhere.
Automobile fish with big gills generally swim past;
Savage submission
Slipped past with lubricating oil.
1964
(translated by Yuan Kejia)