Wang Anshi (1021-1086), also known as Jiefu, also known as Badger Lang, was given the late name Banshan. He was granted the title of Duke of Jing and his posthumous title. Therefore, he was also known as Wang Jinggong and Wang Wengong. In the Northern Song Dynasty, he was born in Liyang Village, Shangchi, Linchuan, Fuzhou (now Dongxiang County, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province). Born in a family of small officials, his father Wang Yi, also named Shuizhi, was a military judge in Linjiang and served several terms as prefecture and county magistrate in various places in the north and south. He is less fond of reading, has a strong memory, and is well educated. In the second year of Qingli in the Northern Song Dynasty (1042), he ranked fourth in the Jinshi Ranking of Yangzhen. He successively served as the judge of Huainan Jiedu, the magistrate of Yinxian County, the general magistrate of Shuzhou, the magistrate of Qunmu Division of Kaifeng, the magistrate of Changzhou, the Tidian Jiangdong Prison, and the Sansidu Branch magistrates and other local officials. Prime Minister Xining of the Northern Song Dynasty, an outstanding statesman, thinker and writer.
In the second year of Qingli in the Northern Song Dynasty (1042), he ranked fourth as a Jinshi, and successively served as a signer of Huainan (Yangzhou) Jiedu Magistrate's Office official affairs, Zhiyin County (now Ningbo, Zhejiang Province) affairs, and Shuzhou ( Today in Qianshan, Anhui Province, he was once transferred to Kaifeng to serve as a judge of the Qunmu Division. Later, he was transferred to an outsider to inform about Changzhou affairs and to oversee the criminal and prison affairs of Jiangnan East Road. He was subsequently called to be a magistrate of the third division of Duzhi and knew the imperial edicts. After many years of experience as a local official, I realized that the root cause of social impoverishment in the Song Dynasty lay in annexation. The crisis faced by the feudal rule of the Song Dynasty was that "internally, we must worry about the country, and externally, we must not fear the barbarians and the Di." In the Wanyan letter written to Renzong Zhao Zhen in the third year of Jiayou (1058), he requested a comprehensive reform of the laws since the early Song Dynasty, reversed the situation of poverty and weakness, and immediately implemented the reform of the laws. The feudal scholar-bureaucrats also had high hopes and hopes for peace in the country and expected him to come to power as soon as possible. Because he was deeply appreciated by Shenzong. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), when Shenzong ascended the throne, he ordered Anshi to know Jiangning Mansion and was summoned to be a bachelor of Hanlin. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in political affairs. From the third year of Xining (1070), he was appointed as Tongzhongshu Menxiapingzhangshi twice, participated in the political affairs of the political hall, became the de facto prime minister, vigorously promoted reforms, and carried out reforms. . It is clearly stated that financial management is the top priority for the prime minister, explains the relationship between political affairs and financial management, and believes that only on the basis of developing production can the country's financial problems be solved. This insight continued after taking office. In the reform, the development of production is a top priority and placed in a top priority position. Although it emphasizes the leading role of the state power in the reform, it does not agree with the state's excessive intervention in social production and economic life, opposes excessive patent solicitation, and puts forward and adheres to the proposition and practice of "not too much solicitation of laws" . Under the guidance of the above-mentioned ideas, the reformers formulated and implemented a series of new laws and launched extensive social reforms from agriculture to handicrafts and commerce, from villages to cities. At the same time, the military system was reformed to improve the quality and combat effectiveness of the army and strengthen control over the vast rural areas; in order to cultivate more talents needed by society, the imperial examination and school education systems were also reformed. In terms of philosophical thought, it inherits and develops some of Laozi's thoughts, which are traditional and simple dialectical thoughts. The article is good at argumentation and is listed among the eight great writers of Tang and Song Dynasties. In terms of poetry, he wrote many poems reflecting social reality in his early years. The reform offended the interests of big landowners and big bureaucrats. The empress dowagers of the two palaces, relatives of the emperor and conservative scholar-bureaucrats united to oppose the reform. Therefore, in the seventh year of Xining (1074), he was dismissed for the first time. The next year he paid homage to the prime minister again. After regaining the prime ministership, we cannot get more support and cannot continue to implement the reforms. In the ninth year of Xining (1076), he resigned as prime minister for the second time and lived in Jiangning Mansion (now Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province).
In the first year of Yuanyou (1086), Zhezong of the Northern Song Dynasty, the conservatives gained power, and all previous new laws were abolished. Soon after, Yu Ran died of illness in Zhongshan, Jiangning Prefecture, at the age of 65. He was granted the title of Duke of Jing and was given the posthumous title Wen. He is the author of "Biography of Hong Fan", "Notes on Laozi", "Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan", "Collected Works of Wang Wengong", etc. Later generations compiled "Xinyi of Zhou Guan", "The Meaning of Poetry" and so on.
Wang Anshi's self-titled couplet
The only way to ruin your life is;
To eliminate all faults.
——A collection of Han Yu's poems and self-titled ones
According to "Mengxi Bi Tan", this couplet is Wang Anshi's description of Han Yu's "severing his life with only wine" and "breaking everything without fault" The two poems "wine" were obtained by dropping the last word "wine" in each of them. The purpose is to illustrate the harm of alcoholism. Wang Anshi likes to compose verses and couplets, but this is the only unique thing he did in his life. At the same time, this couplet is also the earliest record of a couplet written by the "Zangwei method". The sentences in this couplet have been trimmed to form neat and clever pairs, which are euphemistic and ironic, inspiring people to reflect, and the purpose of admonishment is self-evident. The word "Guo" at the end of the couplet means "too much" or "over" and should be pronounced in flat tone.
Wang Anshi wrote a couplet
Jiang Ling’s house in the past;
Duan Hou’s house today.
——Occasionally forgotten title
Sitting on the Qingshan Mountain;
The Yellow Bird Man writes to sleep.
——An anonymous title
Where can I find Immortal Yuan Lang?
When will Lingcha’s envoy return?
——Occasionally missed title
Wang Anshi wrote an elegiac couplet
Mu Jia once heard that high-ranking officials were afraid;
The mountains have declined and now the philosophers have withered.
——In support of Han Qi, a famous general and statesman in the Northern Song Dynasty
Wang Anshi co-authored, Coping Co., Ltd.
The old man wants to follow the monk; (Wang Anshi)
< p>If you are in a hurry, embrace the Buddha. (Guest)——A certain guest responded to Wang Anshi
According to "Shao's Record of Hearing and Seeing", Wang Anshi once sighed sadly to the guest: "I want to surrender to the monk." .
It means becoming a monk on the day of old age. The guest thought that the request was correct and replied: "If you are in a hurry, you will be overwhelmed" (see the next couplet). Wang Anshi found it interesting. Firstly, it used an ancient sentence, and secondly, it was a folk saying. It was really good to use Buddha to talk to monks. Wang Anshi then said: "If you remove the word 'Tou', you can make a couplet." The guest laughed and said, "Since you have removed the head (Tou), I have to remove the feet." So they formed this humorous short couplet.
Go to the old man and want to rely on the monk; (Wang Anshi)
If you are in a hurry, you will cling to the Buddha's feet. (Guest)
——A certain guest responded to Wang Anshi
Three generations of Xia, Shang and Zhou; (Liu Gong’s father)
Four elegant poems. (Wang Anshi)
——Wang Anshi responded to Liu Gong's father
Seven miles of mountain pond, three and a half miles to half pond; (Wang Anshi)
Jiuxi Man Cave, Pass through Zhongdong Wuxi Zhong. (Anonymous)
——Anonymous Suspended Couplet to Wang Anshi
This is the second couplet of "Wang Anshi's Three Difficulties for Su Xueshi" in "Warning to the World". Seeing that Su Shi could not answer the first couplet (see below), Wang Anshi asked him if he could pass through Suzhou when traveling from Huzhou to Huangzhou. Su Shi said: "This is a convenient way." Wang Anshi then said: "Outside Jinchang Gate in Suzhou, as for Huqiu , this road is called Shantang, it is about seven miles away, and the half way is called Bantang." Then, based on this, the previous sentence came out. Su Shi said: "When you think too much, you cannot be in pairs." Of course, this is just an interesting passage compiled in a story novel. Later generations are right, that's it. To the south of Chong'an in Fujian Province, there is Wuyi Mountain, a world-famous tourist attraction. Among them, "streams with three meanders and three waters, and mountains surrounded by sixty-six peaks" form a natural landscape full of wonders. "Sansan" refers to the Jiuqu River in the winding mountains, and "Liuliu" refers to the thirty-six peaks all with caves. peak. It is said that "Nine tunes are connected to three crows at the beginning, and thousands of mountains are far away to worship a peak." The couplet cleverly borrows from the natural beauty of Wuyi Mountain, which is "wonderful and beautiful in the southeast", and is naturally appropriate. Especially the "five" in "Five Streams" is cleverly calculated and interesting to read.
To the west of Iron Weng City, there are three treasures: gold, jade and silver; (Wang Anshi)
On the face of the prime minister, there are five holes for the ears, nose and throat. (Su Shi)
On the back of the stone fish, there are traces of poems, calligraphy and paintings inscribed from the Five Dynasties. (Wu Jingcheng)
To the north of Yunquan Temple, there is Yixia Peak in Fengbingshui Cave. (Yang Qiu)
——Contemporary Wu Jingcheng and Yang Qiuxu’s Hanging Couplet to Wang Anshi
This is the third couplet in "Wang Anshi’s Three Difficulties for Su Xueshi" in "Warning Words". The first sentence refers to Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, which was called "Iron Urn City" in ancient times and has temples and Buddhist halls. Wang Anshi used this to embarrass Su Shi for the third time, but Su Shi failed and "had no choice but to apologize and leave." Wu Jingcheng, a modern man, compared the "fish stones" carved with poems and paintings of five dynasties from the Tang to the Qing Dynasty on the middle and upper part of the Yangtze River; Mr. Yang Qiu from Shunde, Guangdong Province visited Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province and saw three natural caves at Cuixia Peak in the north of Yunquan Temple, respectively. They are "wind tunnel", "ice tunnel" and "water tunnel". My thoughts suddenly opened up, and I got the next couplet right. "Wang Anshi's Three Difficulties with Su Shi" is actually a work made up by the author of the story-telling novel. If Su Shi really met him, he would have already met him. Just because this attracted many later scholars to try their hand at writing, Wang Anshi's couplet was widely circulated. I have recorded it here in couplets and a few interesting conversations.
One year, two springs and two months of August, there are two springs and autumns in the world; (Wang Anshi)
The sixty-year-old will be around again, and the sixty-year-old will meet again in the world. (Anonymous)
——Modern Anonymous Suspended Couplet to Wang Anshi
In "Warning Words", there is an article "Wang Anshi's Three Difficulties for Su Xueshi", which talks about Wang Anshi's test Due to Su Shi's talent and learning, he drafted the first couplet three times and asked Su Shi to write the next sentence. This is the first first couplet. The sentence refers to the leap month of August, the beginning of spring in the first month, and the beginning of spring in December, commonly known as "double-headed spring". The couplet is concise and concise, and the numbers are used naturally. Just because the incident is rare, Su Shi feels "strange, and he can't find the right one for a while." This sentence was translated by later generations as the "Sixty Years" sentence. In the old days, "Jia Zi" was used to record the year, that is, the heavenly stems and earthly branches were arranged in a cycle. "Sixties" means 60 years old, and "Zai Zhoutian" means 61 years old, which is naturally "Reunion of Years". The couplet "Jia Zi" does not actually refer to it. It refers to the individual to refer to the whole, and to the specific to refer to the general. The numbers in the sentences are clear and natural, and the couplets mostly use quasi-numerical words to correspond, which is not ideal. But it is not easy to pair Su Shidu's "I can't find the right one for a while" sentences, but it is also interesting.
The revolving lantern, the lantern, the horse, the lantern stops, the horse stops; (outside the horsemen)
Flying tiger flag, flying tiger flag, tiger hiding in flag roll. (Examiner)
——Wang Anshi picked up the title on the gold medal list and got a lovely wife
It is said that Wang Anshi had outstanding talent since he was a child. When he was 23 years old, he went to take the exam and stopped at Ma's house on the way. Take a break in town. After dinner, I went for a stroll on the street and came across a couplet on the revolving lantern outside the horseman's house that said: "The revolving lantern, the lantern moves the horse, the lantern stops and the horse stops." Apparently he was waiting for someone to read the second couplet. After Wang Anshi saw it, he couldn't help but clapped his hands and said, "That's right!" The family members standing nearby immediately went in to report the incident to the officer. When the officer came out, Wang Anshi was gone. During the exam, Wang Anshi wrote profusely on the exam paper and handed in the first paper immediately with one wave of his hand. Seeing that he was quick and smart, the examiner called for the interview. He immediately pointed to the flying tiger flag in front of the hall and said: "Flying tiger flag, flag flying tiger, flag rolled up to hide the tiger." Wang Anshi was overjoyed when he heard this. After thinking for a second, he answered the first couplet casually. The examiner was shocked when he saw that he answered the question quickly and well. After Wang Anshi returned to Majia Town after passing the exam, he remembered the opportunity the revolving lantern had for him, so he strolled to the horseman's outer door and wanted to see the revolving lantern again. As soon as his family saw that he was the person they originally called "Hao Dui", they invited him to the house to deal with the problem.
Wang Anshi showed no humility, picked up a big pen, and handwritten the sentence couplet given to him by the examiner. When Ma Yuanwai saw that he was quick and skillful in matching, and his handwriting was delicate and strong, he couldn't help but be happy, and immediately betrothed his daughter to him. It turns out that the pairs on the revolving lantern were chosen by Miss Ma to choose a son-in-law. They immediately decided on an auspicious day and got married in Ma Mansion. On the wedding day, when the bride and groom were having their wedding ceremony, the newspaper reported: "Master Wang has been named on the gold list, and I will invite you to the Qionglin banquet tomorrow." The horseman was extremely happy, thanked the newspaper, and started the banquet again. When Wang Anshi was "on a night of flowers and candles in the bridal chamber, and when he was naming his names on the gold medal list", he felt overjoyed and extremely drunk, so he picked up a piece of red paper and wrote a big double word "happiness" on it and pasted it on the door. And chanted: "The clever couplets form a double happy song, the lantern flies, the tiger knots the silk thread." From then on, the double "xi" character became a festive decoration that people affixed to doors and windows during festive times. The two couplets picked up by Wang Anshi were accepted by the examiners at first and a good wife at second, killing two birds with one stone. From then on, it became a good story and was widely recited among the people.
A collection of Wang Anshi's poetry couplets
The brush strokes are outstanding and surprising; (Wang Anshi)
The chest is full of books. (Fan Chengda)
——Anonymous collection of Wang Anshi and Fan Cheng’s large sentences inscribed on the residence and Xuanzhai
Commemorating, chanting, and inlaying Wang Anshi’s couplets
〖 Wang Anshi Zhongying Temple in Lexian Lake, Yin County〗
Dongqian Lake is located in the southeast of Ningbo City, only 7.8 kilometers away from the urban area. "The lake carries the water of Qiandai", so it is called Dongqian Lake and is the largest in Zhejiang. freshwater lake. The whole lake is composed of Guzi Lake, South Lake and North Lake. It is 6.5 kilometers wide from east to west and 8.5 kilometers long from north to south. It surrounds the lake for 45 kilometers and covers an area of ??20 square kilometers, which is four times the size of West Lake in Hangzhou. It can be called "the largest lake in China's coastal areas". lake". Dongqian Lake is a natural lagoon formed by sea traces in ancient times. It has become more charming after dredging through the ages. During the Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty (744), Yin County magistrate Lu Nanjin led a group of people to build a dam. After that, local officials such as Wang Anshi, Li Yigeng, and Lu Xianzhi removed the boundary and built more facilities, turning it into a water area for comprehensive utilization. Dongqian Lake is home to outstanding people, with celebrities emerging in large numbers since ancient times. Wang Anshi, a statesman in the Song Dynasty, first launched his grand reform plan here; there are famous families with "three prime ministers in one family, two kings in four generations"; there are scholars in the mountains, poets on the lake, and so on. The Zhongying Temple commemorating Wang Anshi is located in Xiashui West Village. Now there is a Wang Anshi Memorial Hall in the temple, which has become a cultural protection unit and a new tourist attraction. According to the county annals: "The temple was built during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty." Zhongying Temple was built by local people to commemorate Wang Anshi. On the left side of the front of the temple is a "Temple Memorial Monument" for the fourth year of Tongzhi. Wang Anshi served as magistrate of Yin County from the seventh year of Qingli to the second year of Huangyou (1047-1049) in the Song Dynasty. He organized 100,000 migrant workers to clear borders, solidify ponds, and build dams to turn Qian Lake into a comprehensively utilized water area and promote local economic development. In 1987, local people raised funds to renovate the once damaged Zhongying Temple, restore it to its old appearance, and turn it into the Wang Anshi Memorial Hall. The entire building is a courtyard with five bays and a stage in the front hall. There is a display of Wang Anshi's historical relics in Yin County in the memorial hall. The underground village where Zhongying Temple is located is the hometown of Shi Hao, the prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty. The Shi family has produced three prime ministers and more than 70 Jinshi.
Exhibiting great ambitions and revitalizing the country;
The ripples of the writing style revitalize the writing style. < /p>
——Qian Maosheng’s inscription on Zhongying Temple in Dongqian Lake, Yin County, Zhejiang Province
Looking up to the sages by Dongqian Lake, role models are in sight;
Looking at today’s people at the foot of Fuquan Mountain, The ambition is strengthened.
Banner: Diligence and love for the people
——Anonymous title Zhongying Temple, Dongqian Lake, Yin County, Zhejiang Province
Appendix: Wang Anshi’s anecdotes and interesting stories
〖Wrong correction of "The bright moon screams in the sky"〗
Wang Anshi was a famous political reformer, poet and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is good at reading, erudite and talented, young and early-minded. After he became a Jinshi, he was ordered to inspect a remote place and stayed in a post house. One evening when I had nothing to do, I went for a walk in the garden of the post house. I saw a house that was brightly lit but empty. I spread a piece of paper on the desk and wrote two poems: "The bright moon is barking in the sky, and the yellow dog is lying in the heart of the flower."
Wang Anshi thought to himself, it's ridiculous, it's ridiculous, how can "Ming Yue" bark, how can "Yellow Dog" lie in the heart of flowers, it must be a young student playing the piano randomly. So, I went into the house and changed these two sentences to "The bright moon shines in the sky, and the yellow dog lies in the shade of the flowers." I think it was a good change, it not only used the original rhyme but was also realistic, and at the same time it had a strong poetic flavor. Later, Wang Anshi accidentally talked about this matter with an old local scholar. The old scholar twisted his beard and said with a smile: "You don't know something. In our area, there is a small bird called the moon bird, which often sings at night; there is also a small insect, which is yellow in color and vaguely dog-like in shape. People are used to calling it it It's called a yellow dog bug, and it likes to curl up in the heart of flowers at night." An Shi's face turned red. I thought about how big the world is, and how full of wonders it is. Knowledge is like a vast ocean, and even a lifetime of energy can only absorb a small amount of it. After all, I am young and do not understand many things. Through this lesson, Wang Anshi became more diligent, studious, and open-minded, and no longer easily commented on other people's poems.
〖The Wonderful Interpretation of Water Testing〗
Wang Anshi suffers from phlegm-fire syndrome in his old age. Although he takes medicine, it is difficult to eradicate it. The Imperial Hospital ordered Yangxian tea to be drunk and cooked with water from the Qutang Gorge of the Yangtze River. Because Su Dongpo was from Sichuan, Wang Anshi once entrusted him with this advice: "If you respect the convenience of your family members, and send me an urn of water from the Qutang Gorge, my old age will be postponed by my son."
Soon, Su Dongpo personally brought water to see Wang Anshi. Wang Anshi immediately ordered someone to carry the water jar into the study, wipe it with his sleeves, and open the paper seal. He also ordered Tong'er to simmer the tea stove and cook it with a silver hammer. First, take a white bowl and put a pinch of Yangxian tea into it. When the soup is like a crab's eye, pour it into the bowl and it will take a while to see the tea color.
Wang Anshi asked: "Where is this water?" Get it? "
Su Dongpo replied: "Wu Gorge. "
Wang Anshi said: "This is the Zhongxia. ”
Su Dongpo replied: “Exactly.” "
Wang Anshi smiled and said: "You are here to bully me again! This is the water of the lower gorge. How can it be called the middle gorge? ”
Su Dongpo was so shocked that he had to tell the truth. It turned out that Dongpo was appreciating the beautiful scenery of the Three Gorges. When the boat reached the lower gorge, he remembered what he had been asked to do. At that time, the current was turbulent and it was difficult to trace back. He also thought that the water in the river was no different, so he had to draw a jar of water from the gorge to fill it. Dongpo said: "The three gorges are connected and the water is the same. How can the old master distinguish it?" "
Wang Anshi said: "Scholars should not act rashly, but must carefully examine the situation. The water properties of Qutang come from "Supplementary Notes to the Water Classic". The upper gorge is too fast, the lower gorge is too slow, but the middle gorge is half as slow as the quickest. The official of Taiyuan Hospital was a well-known doctor, and he knew that I had Zhongwan syndrome, so he used Zhongxia water to induce menstruation. This water is used to cook Yangxian tea. The upper tea is strong, the lower tea is light, and the middle tea is between strong and light. It took a long time to see the brown color, so I knew it was the lower gorge. "Su Dongpo left the table to apologize.
〖Speaking of Zi Qi Tan〗
A teacher in the past said: Do you know? The ancients reversed the characters for "fish" and "ox". You Look at the four points under "fish" like four legs, and isn't there a tail under "cow"? The anecdotes recorded in Wang Anshi's "Zi Shuo" in the Song Dynasty seem to be nothing more than "fish" and "cow". During the Xining reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, when Wang Anshi gained power, many people were proud to be listed on the Wang family's gate. Wang Anshi wrote "Zi Shuo" (also known as "Zi Jie") to give a unique Wang-style interpretation of the meaning of Chinese characters. It was popular for a while. According to "Jingshi Tongyan·Wang Anshi's Three Difficulties and Su Xueshi's New Interpretation of Words", Wang Anshi said: "Po" comes from soil and skin, and "Po is the skin of soil." Su Shi said with a smile: "As Xianggong said, The word "slippery" is the bone of water. ”
Another day, Wang Anshi discussed the word “salamander”, from Yu Cong’er (er), which should refer to fish roe, the other four horses are “si”, and the celestial insect is “silkworm”. It can be seen that the ancients used to make characters. It makes sense. Su Dongpo said: "There is a reason why the word "dove" is broken down into "Nine Birds". "Wang Anshi took it seriously and happily asked for advice. Su Dongpo smiled and said: "Mao's Poems says: The singing dove is in the mulberry, and its son is seven. Together with mother and father, the number is nine. "Wang Anshi then realized that Su Dongpo was making fun of him and felt that he was too frivolous, so he demoted him to the position of governor of Huzhou. "Po" and "Jiu" are not entirely fictitious. Wang Anshi likes to promote his own views on Confucian classics through new interpretations of word meanings. , but many people did not buy it when comparing the new and different "Zi Shuo". For example, Wang Anshi believed that the word "Shi" came from Yan, and "Si" refers to Dharma. At that time, Wu Shuyang said sarcastically: "If it is necessary." 'Temple' is the Dharma, so 'serving' is the person who is Dharma, and 'standing' is the mountain of Dharma. ‘Hemorrhoids’ is a disease caused by legal regulations. "However, Wang Anshi's theory was the standard answer for examinations at that time, and many people followed suit. All the jokes they made were later recorded in Wang Anshi's name.
Those who ridiculed "Zi Shuo" There are many, but most of these words are placed on Su Dongpo's head. According to "Gaozhai Manlu", Su Dongpo joked after reading "Zhuo": "It barely makes sense to understand 'Du' as whipping a horse with a bamboo whip." , but what's so 'laughable' about whipping a dog with bamboo? " Among these stories, the most "fish" and "ox" flavor is the difference between "Ben" (pronounced "Ben") and "Cu" (pronounced "rough"). According to the records of "桯史", when "Zhuo" was popular, Su Dongpo pointed out: "Prime Minister, you want to explore the source of poverty, but I am worried that scholars are far-fetched and go too far. Take "running" and "thick" as examples. Cows are obviously stronger than deer, and deer can run much faster than cows. According to you, aren't these two words interchangeable? "Wang Anshi was speechless. After Wang Anshi resigned as prime minister, many "disciples of the Wang family" did not dare to admit that they were influenced by him, and some even turned their guns and accused Wang Anshi. After Wang Anshi died, Zhang Shunmin composed four of the seven unique poems "In mourning for King Jinggong" , the third sentence says: "The master has been ruthless since he came and gone, and the new scriptures with strange words will fail." Today's scholars in the world are regarded as disciples. "When Zhe Zong came into power and a new party was established, at the request of Wang Anshi's son-in-law and student Cai Bian, Wang Anshi's reputation was restored, and he was given the posthumous title Wen Gong, and he was entitled to enjoy the temple of Shenzong. In the third year of Chongning of Huizong (1104), he was granted the title of Confucius Temple. Feng Shu Wang. At this time, Wang Anshi's learning became a golden sign, and those "disciples of the king's family" showed up one after another to show off their identities. Someone changed the last line of Zhang Shunmin's elegy and gave it to them: "People" People are just disciples. ”
〖Loving Daughter and Loving Father〗
In addition to Yinnu, who died young, Wang Anshi also had two beloved daughters. The eldest daughter married Wu Anchi, who was waiting to be made in the Shibao Pavilion. Anchi's father was Wu Chong, who later became prime minister of Anshi. His youngest daughter married Caixia, the prime minister of Shangji, who was the younger brother of Cai Jing, the prime minister of Huizong. For example, Wang Anshi once sent his younger brother Anli to visit. Beijing, when I walked to the riverside, it happened to be drizzling. Recalling the similar scene when I said goodbye to my daughter, I couldn't help but write a Qijue poem:
The desolate smoke and cold rain help people feel sad, and the tears stain the clothes and towels. Self-control.
Except for the spring breeze and the green sand, it is just like watching you crossing the river.
Wang Anshi’s fatherly love does not favor boys over girls.
Someone once wrote an article "On the Discrimination of Adultery" under the guise of Su Xun, attacking Wang Anshi's slovenliness and thinking that he was unkind, and unkind people "rarely hide themselves for big traitors." Regardless of the absurdity of its logic, judging from Wang Anshi's attitude towards his children, people can also find that this resolute political reformer is a man with rich emotions, so he is definitely not the so-called "dark villain" in "On Distinguishing Adultery". The thief is dangerous and cruel, and he is different from others." Otherwise, how can Wang Anshi's poetry be passed down through the ages and make readers excited?
〖Like to change poems〗
Most of the famous quotes are the painstaking work of poets after careful consideration. Wang Anshi likes to revise poems. Not only does he like to revise his own poems, but he also likes to be a master of one word for his friends. When he can't help it, he also revise the poems of the ancients.
Change your own poem. Wang Anshi himself has a quatrain from "Mooring the Boat on Guazhou":
Between Jingkou Guazhou and the water, Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains.
The spring breeze is green again on the south bank of the river. When will the bright moon shine on me again?
The poem is titled "Boat Moored at Guazhou", which points out the poet's footing. The first sentence "Jingkou and Guazhou is between the water" describes the scene in sight. The poet stood at Guazhou Ferry and looked south. He saw that "Jingkou" and "Guazhou" on the south bank were so close, with a river in between. From this, the poet thinks that Zhongshan, where his home is located, is only a few layers away and not far away. The second sentence, "Zhongshan is only a few floors away from the mountain," hints at the poet's feeling of returning home. The third sentence also describes the scene, highlighting the season of spring, and depicts the scenery of the south bank of the Yangtze River. The word "green" means "blowing green", which is a verb used in a wonderful way. Legend has it that Wang Anshi changed the word more than ten times to make good use of it, and finally chose the word "green" from more than ten verbs such as "to", "pass", "enter" and "man". Because other words only express the arrival of the spring breeze, but do not express the change of the new green scenery on the Qianli River Bank after the arrival of spring. In the concluding sentence, "When will the bright moon shine on me and return", the poet has been looking at it for a long time, and before he realizes that the bright moon is rising, the poet uses a questioning sentence pattern to imagine a picture of "the bright moon" and "when the bright moon will shine on me and return", further expressing the poet's longing for his homeland. Feeling. In the draft, the word "green" was originally written as "arrive", the word "arrive" was circled, the word "bad" was noted, changed to "pass", and the word "arrived" was circled and changed to "enter". Then it was changed to "Man"... After changing more than a dozen characters in one day, Fang Chan changed it to "Green". The word "green" is both concrete and vivid. Although it is not original (because Li Bai has already said "the east wind has greened the Yingzhou grass"), it is not the only word used here.
Change other people’s poems. Liu Xun's poem "Inscribed on the Wall of the Palace" reads:
The golden gate of the wall opens against the sky, and the five palace flowers fall on the ancient locust trees.
Tomorrow we will sail across the sea in a boat, and we will soon see Penglai in the clouds.
This was written by Liu Tong on the eve of his appointment as the general magistrate of Taizhou. Penglai was originally a fairy mountain on the sea, and later generations used it as the name of Guange. The last sentence expresses the sentiment of being nostalgic for the schooling career. When Wang Anshi saw it, he changed "Yunli" to "Yunqi" with a stroke of his pen. This change is indeed even better. Because it is said that the Penglai Immortal Palace is covered by five clouds, and when you look at it, you can only see a cloud, and you still look back when you don't see it. It can also express Liu Zong's reluctance to leave Wei Que in the distance while being in the river and sea. Liu Tong couldn't help but be happy to accept Shan's work, and later included it in his anthology and recited it to his friends, all of which were Anshi's revised versions. You know, it is not easy to convince Liu Yu. Liu Yu and his brother Liu Chang can be said to be the most knowledgeable people in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Wang Qinchen was summoned to the pavilion. After the exam, he wrote a quatrain on the wall:
The ancient wood and white jade hall have been here for many years to test articles.
As the sun sets, I stop playing Chang Yang Fu and take my time to brush the dust and look at the paintings on the wall.
Wang Anshi changed the third sentence to "The sun sets and plays Fu Chang Yang" and said: "The poet's words are so healthy." This change made the word "Fu" into a verb. The sentence is indeed strong and strong, but some later generations believe that "the language is strong but the meaning is suffocating", which destroys the "coherence" of the original sentence.
Modify the poems of the ancients. Wang Anshi read:
There are no birds in the rivers and lakes, but the sound of breaking bamboos can be heard in the rock valleys.
Then it was changed to "the shadow of a bird flying" and "the sound of a bamboo breaking". I read "Plum Blossoms Fall":
There is a plum tree in the courtyard, and the leaves are not blooming in the cold.
I just say that the flowers are snow, but I don’t realize that there is fragrance.
I felt it was not satisfactory, so I changed it to:
There were several plum blossoms in the corner, and Ling Han was blooming alone.
I know it’s not snow from afar, because there is a faint fragrance coming.
Read "Lilac":
No one asked about the long journey on the river, and I was drunk in the clouds for ten years.
Panqin untied the lilac knots and released the branches to give birth to spring.
I also felt dissatisfied, so I changed it to:
A child on the river has been trapped in a dream of dust for ten years.
Diligence untie the knots of lilac and release the spring among the branches.
Wang Anshi was dissatisfied with "Sunny Scene":
Before the rain, I first saw flowers with stamens, but after the rain, there were no leaves at the bottom.
The butterflies flying over the wall should be suspected of spring in the neighboring house.
I felt that the meaning was not clear, so I changed it to:
No flowers and stamens were seen when the rain came, and there were no leaves or flowers after the rain.
Bees and butterflies are crossing the wall one after another, but they suspect that spring is in the neighboring house.
After changing the last three poems mentioned above, I felt that they were all my own, so I decided to choose another title and make it my own. Is Wang Anshi's change of poetry a gain or a loss? It can be said that people have different opinions, and there are mixed opinions. However, from this, people can know that good writing requires careful craftsmanship and repeated revisions, and other people's works can also inspire the spark of their own creative inspiration.
People can also find that the Jiangxi Poetry School's techniques of "reshaping the body" and "turning iron into gold" have begun to appear in Wang Anshi's poems.