Self-realization and personality classification
When each individual is mature and independent, he will naturally pursue career success and personal success outside of survival. This can be explained by Maslow's human psychological driving force. Maslow believes that the development of human motivation is closely related to the satisfaction of needs, and the levels of needs are different. The low-level needs are physiological needs, and the upward needs are the needs of security, love and belonging, respect and self-realization. To sum up, there are five levels: physiology, safety, socialization, respect and self-realization.
Which personality is easier to succeed?
Self-realization refers to the full play of creative potential, and the pursuit of self-realization is the highest motivation of human beings, which is manifested in selfless dedication to a certain cause. High-level self-realization has the characteristics of surpassing self and has high social value. In fact, it is also a success in the popular sense or the success of each individual. Every individual, no matter what personality or level, may have the opportunity to realize himself.
Psychology classifies people's personalities according to their characteristics, such as extroversion and introversion, and on this basis, it is believed that people with different personalities are easy to succeed if they engage in different occupations (careers). Although there are many personality classifications (temperament, personality) in the world, Myers-Briggs Personality Classification (MBTI) is a common classification, and some enterprises in the world's top 500 enterprises are using this psychological classification when recruiting employees.
Myers-Briggs' theory of personality classification originated from the book Psychological Types published by Swiss psychologist Jung 192 1. American psychologist Briggs and his daughter Miles developed this personality classification after long-term observation and research. Although this classification has been criticized, after decades of development, MBTI has now become one of the world-famous personality tests.
According to Jung's theory that human beings have four psychological characteristics: thought, emotion, feeling and intuition, combined with extroversion and extroversion, we have the following questions:
Who are you in terms of psychological ability? Outgoing? (e) or? Introversion? ㈠.
What are you in the way of knowing the outside world? Feeling? Or? Intuition? (noun)
What method do you rely on to make a decision? Rational? (t) or? Emotion? (F) 10 .
What is your lifestyle and attitude? Judge? (j) or? Do you understand? (P) 10 .
According to the different answers to these questions, people's personality can be divided into 16 categories, namely:
1) ESTJ male type 2)ESTP challenging type 3) ESFJ master type 4) ESFP performing type 5) ENTJ general type 6) ENTP inventor 7)ENFJ educator 8) ENFP journalist type 9) ISTJ official type 10) ISTP adventurer 11) is. 2)ISFP artist 13) INTJ expert type 14) INTP scholar type 65438+65438.
The theoretical basis of these classifications is that personality directly and indirectly determines the behavior of human individuals, so it is closely related to success and success.
Feet are short and inches long.
However, a long-standing psychological theory holds that extroverts are more likely to succeed than introverts, because extroverts are more likely to get along and communicate with others, while introverts are in a state of self-isolation and isolation, and are not good at expressing and communicating with others, so it is difficult to succeed alone and become talents.
Carnegie fully expressed this idea in his book Beautiful Life and Happy Life. He believes that only 15% of a person's career success is due to his professional knowledge (technology), and the other 85% depends on interpersonal relationships and life skills. In other words, a person must be good at communicating with others, gregarious, obedient and good at expressing. So that he or she can succeed.
Many people have to believe what this world-famous educator said. Because he not only proved it with a large number of cases, but also gave statistical evidence. He counted some engineering technicians who received adult education in his class, and found that the people who earned the most were not those who knew the most about engineering, but those who had professional knowledge, could express their ideas, were good at being a person, and led and inspired others. From this, we can think that extroverts who are good at interpersonal communication and dealing with people can make a lot of money and succeed even if their professional knowledge is not outstanding.
In fact, Carnegie's success theory is only a summary of his educational experience, and it is doubtful whether it has universal value. Even from the classification of personality, we can see that people's success is varied, no matter what kind of personality, there is a basis and possibility for success.
From the principle of biodiversity, the diversity of human personality is also obvious. This diversity is not only reflected in the fact that different people have different personalities, but also in the fact that the same person has different personality characteristics. For example, sometimes introversion and extroversion are combined, there is neither absolute extroversion nor absolute introversion. This personality diversity is also reflected in Myers-Briggs' personality classification. The so-called 16 personality or success means that different individuals have different personalities and have a foundation for success in different fields.
Moreover, even the same occupation requires different personality characteristics to complete. For example, when a reporter goes out for an interview and meets various parties, experts, scholars and interviewees, he needs to exert his extroverted personality, deal with different people and successfully complete the interview task. After the interview task is completed, we should screen the interview materials, refine the essence, get rid of the rough and the fine, get rid of the false and keep the true, and write exciting and touching articles with wonderful pens through the overall conception and detailed treatment. At this time, you need an introverted personality, so that you can calm down and write carefully and complete the task.
On the other hand, even the same person can succeed in different fields. For example, he/she can be an inventor or an adventurer; You can be a general or an engineer; You can be a designer or a scholar. Therefore, success is open to everyone. There is no difference between extroversion and introversion.
Introverts may be more likely to succeed.
It was the British psychiatrist and writer Anthony who sharply criticized extroversion over introversion. Stoll. In his book Loneliness, he made a strong argument about introversion and loneliness. He believes that a person's life is doomed to be lonely many times, and not all lonely people are unhappy. And many lonely people have achieved great success, no less than extroverts with high emotional intelligence. The saddest thing is that due to misleading and alienation, modern society overemphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships, thus ignoring or even misunderstanding what loneliness and introversion carry? Positive function? This is irresponsible and innocent harm to people's spirit and mind.
From many celebrities, we can see how important loneliness and introversion are to success. Artur? Schopenhauer spent most of his life in loneliness. Schopenhauer was born in Danzig (present-day Gdansk, Poland) on February 22nd, 788. Schopenhauer 1809 was admitted to the University of G? ttingen. Here, he studied physics, mineralogy, natural history, botany and philosophy, and carefully studied the works of Plato and Kant. He also took courses in physiology, astronomy, meteorology, ethnology and law. Schopenhauer, who was introverted and lonely by nature, was able to devote himself to the spiritual exploration of loneliness because his father left him a fortune. Later, he went to the University of Berlin, where he mastered seven languages, including Latin, Greek, French, English, German, Spanish and Italian, and expanded his exploration to chemistry, electromagnetism, electricity, ornithology, ichthyology and Nordic poetry. Schopenhauer completed his famous philosophical work "Four Roots of Sufficiency Law" (published in 18 13) at the age of 25, and "The World as Will and Representation" at the age of 29.
For loneliness and introversion, Schopenhauer's close friend Gwen said at Schopenhauer's funeral. There lies an extraordinary man in this grave. He has lived in the world all his life, but no one knows. He died alone, just as he lived alone? Even more exciting is Schopenhauer's own exposition of loneliness and introversion:
The first lesson that young people learn is to endure loneliness.
Loneliness brings double benefits to a person with excellent spiritual endowment. One is that he can keep company with himself, and the other is that he doesn't need to be with others. The second point is precious, especially when we think of the bondage, trouble and even danger that social communication means.
Due to objective or subjective conditions, the less a person needs to deal with others, the more free his situation will be. The disadvantages of loneliness, if not immediately felt by us, are obvious at a glance. In contrast, the disadvantages of social life are hidden. Entertainment, small talk and other fun of interacting with people often hide great or even irreparable harm.
From the point of view that the ruler is short and the inch is long, loneliness or solitude may be a good quality and personality. Because, on the one hand, not everyone can stand loneliness, on the other hand, quite a few lonely people have achieved extraordinary success and made great contributions to society and human civilization. Take Russell as an example. A mother who knows her son better than her parents knows that Aiko is withdrawn and introverted from an early age. She has neither the ability to be a versatile and eloquent politician nor the physical strength and physique to be a general, but she is not disappointed in her son (probably she couldn't understand Carnegie and EQ theory at that time). She encouraged her son to embark on the road of reading and learning knowledge. Thanks to Russell's academic withdrawal, he left us a large number of handed down works such as History of Western Philosophy and Principles of Mathematics, which also added priceless treasures to human civilization.
Another touching example is Madame Curie. If it weren't for her introverted personality, she wouldn't have won the Nobel Prize twice. Her life is also very lonely, sometimes even cold and inaccessible. Only by long-term contact with her can I feel her ordinary and kind heart and sigh that she turned out to be a very simple and sincere person.
The success of ordinary people
Perhaps the above characters are extreme examples, because these people are geniuses themselves, and their light will not be lost whether they are lonely or gregarious. In that case, let's talk about ordinary examples. Except in the fields of politics, commerce, management and management (even these fields need people to stay lonely or work and live in a lonely way at some time), in other fields, such as scientific research, art, writing, music, archaeology, design, painting, experiment and so on. People's working style and lifestyle are not the cooperation of large groups of people. Needless to say, most introverts are also successful in these fields.
Even ordinary people can find happiness in introverted fields such as gardening, fishing and stamp collecting, which makes life meaningful. There are many such fields, whether it is work or life, such as reading, collecting, paper cutting, seal cutting and many of the above-mentioned work fields.
Loneliness and introversion don't mean that someone doesn't communicate with others, but that he/she communicates with others in different ways. For example, when reading, a person is communicating with the author; When writing, it is to communicate with readers, which is a higher level of communication-spiritual communication; When doing experiments, we are communicating with our predecessors and exchanging different experimental methods; In archaeology, we are communicating with the ancients, and so on. Even on the Internet today? Hand talk? It is also a unique and lonely communication. Judging from the positive role of interpersonal communication, loneliness is also beneficial to people. Quincy said that if a person's life is not intertwined with loneliness, his intellectual scope will never expand.
Appreciating loneliness and introversion is not to deny socializing, communicating, learning to deal with people and improving interpersonal relationships, but to say that loneliness and introversion, like other personality and behavior styles, are of different lengths, and sometimes being withdrawn is a very important way of introspection, such as in scientific research and creative work.
No matter what personality, you can succeed. You don't have to regard a certain character as superior, a certain character as inferior, or even associate success with a certain character too much. Because everyone is a masterpiece of nature, as long as you don't go against your own personality, or even play your own personality, success is not a luxury.