Pre-Qin Dynasty: Anonymous
Plums fall to the ground, leaving 70% of the trees. Please don't delay my young people's good day.
Plums fell to the ground with only three branches. I have a heart to ask my young man not to wait any longer today.
Plums fall to the ground, dustpan will dustpan. My child, please don't hesitate to ask me.
translate
Plums fell to the ground, leaving 70% on the tree. If you want to propose to my son, please don't delay.
Plums fell to the ground, leaving only 30% of the branches. If you want to propose to my son, don't wait until today.
Plums fall to the ground one after another and need dustpans to clean them up. If you want to marry my son, just ask.
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This is a euphemistic and bold courtship poem. As the first song of our ancestors, Plum Blossom is simple, fresh, clear and affectionate.
The theme, art and custom background of this paper are basically pointed out by predecessors. "Preface to Mao Poetry" says: "Plum Blossom" is timely for both men and women. Call the South China the King of Literature, so that men and women can keep up with the times. The word "men and women in time" has explained the purpose of this poem; The last few words are attached by the teacher and should be omitted. "Zhou Li Shi Mei said," The mid-spring moon will bring men and women together. So sometimes, runners can't help it. If you do not use the order for no reason, you will be punished. Men and women without husbands will meet. "Knowing this marriage custom of our ancestors, it is not difficult to understand this desperate and bold courtship poem. Chen Huan explained the ingenious meaning of this article concisely: "Plums rise and fall, and it is still the year of men and women. "Mei is in sync with the media, so the poet is excited to see Mei" (On Poetry). The original meaning of Gong Cheng's poem says: "There are plum blossoms." The word "urgent" captures the emotional tone of this article and reveals the melody rhythm of the whole poem.
There are three chapters in the whole poem, and three views on "ordinary people" have many meanings; "Ordinary people" refers to many young people. It can be seen that this girl has no lover yet. She seeks, urges and calls for love in the whole male world. Youth is priceless, but fleeting. "Real youth, chaste youth, light and inviolable youth full of fresh blood, this period is only a few months" (Rodin on the Art of Female Beauty). Now that the plums are ripe, the wedding day is coming, and my husband is still missing, which makes people anxious. Youth goes by, compared with falling plums. In fact, seven Xi's, in fact, three Xi's, and In One Basket are from lush to declining; This is also reminding "ordinary people" over and over again: "flowers can be folded straight, don't wait for them to be folded." The worry about "no flowers and empty branches" in Jin Lu Qu written by the anonymous Tang people seems to have the profound meaning of "plum blossom".
Judging from the subjective mentality of the lyric hero, "urgency" lies in the passage of youth and the absence of her husband. Judging from the artistic structure of poetry, "urgency" means that it is divided into three chapters and repeated step by step. Chorus is the basic structure of The Book of Songs. But from the perspective of poetic expression, there are two different forms, namely, the re-emphasis of the text and the gradual re-emphasis of the text. Plum Blossom belongs to a gradual chapter. The three chapters are duets, but they are layered on top of each other, vividly and powerfully showing the psychological process of the protagonist's despair. The first chapter, "I am lucky", still treats each other calmly; The second chapter "Xi today" has already seen the anxiety of urging; At the end of the chapter, "I call it", which can be described as true feelings and can't wait. Three times later, I heard people.
Extended Reading: Language Style of The Book of Songs
The language of The Book of Songs not only has the beauty of music, but also has a good effect in ideographic and rhetoric.
In the era of The Book of Songs, Chinese has been rich in vocabulary and figures of speech, which provides good conditions for the poet's creation. The abundant nouns in The Book of Songs show that the poet has a full understanding of objective things. The concrete and accurate description of movements in The Book of Songs shows the poet's meticulous observation and mastery of language. For example, in "Fuju", the action of picking Fuju is broken down, which is expressed by six verbs: "Pick, start looking; Yes, there are. " "Hey, pick it up; Hey, take your son. " "canthus, stored with clothes, holding. Hey, store it with clothes and put it in your belt. " These six verbs vividly describe the picture of picking beautiful places. Figures of speech commonly used in later generations can be found in the Book of Songs: exaggeration, such as "He Guang, who is called, never use a knife" (Feng Wei He Guang); Contradictions, such as "women are unhappy, scholars do their best" ("Feng Wei protects himself").
The language form of The Book of Songs is vivid and colorful, which can often achieve "twice the result with half the effort" and "a thousand emotions". However, the language style and national style of Ya and Song are different. Most of the chapters in Ya and Song use a strict four-character case, with few miscellaneous words, while there are many miscellaneous words in the national style. In "Xiaoya" and "National Style", repeated chapters and sentences are often used, but they are rare in the aspect of appealing to both refined and popular tastes. Many modal particles, such as, zhi, zhi, die, Hu, er, yi and ye, are used in national customs. These modal particles have also appeared in Ya and Ode, but they are not as numerous and varied as those in National Custom. The wonderful use of modal particles in national style has enhanced the vividness and vividness of poetry and reached a vivid situation. The different linguistic features of elegance, praise and national style reflect the changes of the times and society, as well as the differences in the identity of the creative subject. "Ode to Ya" is mostly a work of the Western Zhou Dynasty, written by nobles, which embodies the dignity of "Elegant Music". "National Custom" is mostly works in the Spring and Autumn Period, mostly collected from the people, which more embodies the freedom and boldness of the new voice and is close to the spoken language at that time.