1. Looking back on the sages' countries, we will be thrifty and extravagant. Li Shangyin's "Ode to the Epic, Part II".
Appreciation: This poem was written in the first month of the fifth year of Tang Kaicheng (840) after Tang Wenzong's death. This poem named "Ode to History" actually mourns Tang Wenzong through many allusions before the Tang Dynasty. According to History as a Mirror, Wenzong "as a king, he knew the disadvantages of the two dynasties (referring to Tang Muzong and Tang Jingzong), and acceded to the throne, striving for governance, abandoning extravagance and simplicity".
He tried to save the rule of the Tang Dynasty, and twice tried to kill eunuchs and get rid of the disadvantages of eunuch autocracy, both of which ended in failure. In particular, the failure of the second plot against eunuchs (that is, the change of nectar) pushed the Tang Dynasty to the abyss. The poet intuitively felt that the decline of the Tang Dynasty could not be saved by a wise monarch. He felt that Tang Wenzong was unfortunate, and his poems were shrouded in the fog of sadness and confusion.
2. If you want to serve your country, why should you be born in Yumenguan? 1 1 1 Dai Shulun's Two Fortresses, Part Two.
Thank you: As a citizen, I would like to serve my country all my life. Why should a gentleman return to China alive when he has made achievements? The poet used Ban Chao's words "I wish I were born in Yumenguan" to write about the noble integrity of patriotic soldiers, which showed the poet's feelings of loyalty to the monarch and patriotism.
3, Du Nan monarch and minister despise the country, and the elders in the Central Plains look at the standard. Zhao Mengfu's Tomb of the King of Yue and Hubei.
Appreciation: This is a mourning song of grief and indignation. Yue Fei's tragic death is a great tragedy in the history of China. Although Yue Fei died unjustly, his fame will remain in the hearts of people of all ages forever. In the fourth year of Jiatai in Song Ningzong (1204), Yue Fei was made king of Hubei, and the unjust case was cleared. It has been 62 years since Yue Fei was killed.
Yue Tomb was built on the bank of the scenic West Lake. Although Yue Fei sealed Wang Jian's tomb, due to years of war, the cemetery was deserted and the scene was bleak. This poem was written to reflect this reality.
My heart is a magnet, which doesn't mean that the south won't rest. Wen Tianxiang's The Yangtze River.
Appreciation: My heart is like that magnetic needle, it will never stop until it points to the south forever. The poet used the metaphor of "magnetic needle stone" to show his loyalty to Song Xin and his determination to overcome many difficulties, return to the south and learn from Xingyi to reorganize mountains and rivers.
5, Weng Zhiguo knows the soldiers, and every grass and tree in the wall is famous. 1 1 Huang Tingjian "Send Fan Deru to Qingzhou".
Appreciation: Fan Deru is the fourth son of Fan Zhongyan. In the autumn of the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), he was appointed as the border town of Zhizhou. Here, Fan Deru's father and brother have been guarding, and they have made outstanding achievements. The following spring, the author saw Fan off, so he wrote this poem.