As one of the six ancient capitals of China, the history and culture of Xi can be traced back to the Neolithic Age.
Xi 'an is located in the middle of Guanzhong Plain, south of Weihe River and north of Qinling Mountains, with superior geographical conditions. The earliest human settlement site discovered in Xi 'an is the Neolithic site near Xi 'an. The world-famous Banpo site is located on the east bank of an and chan rivers, six kilometers away from an city. It is a village site of primitive society 6000 years ago.
The website covers an area of over 50,000 square meters. Many articles for production and life have been unearthed from Banpo site. Millet and rapeseed were also unearthed 6000 years ago. From the excavated site, we can also see the design of people's residence at that time: the site is divided into residential area, pottery kiln and tomb area, and there are defense trenches around the residential area with a depth of five meters and a width of six meters. Judging from the living area, the population of this village is about five or six hundred. From the perspective of the world, the well-preserved primitive social sites like Banpo Site are unique.
Many cultural sites have been excavated in the main river basins in Angola, such as Fenghe River, Chanhe River and Bahe River, and some Neolithic sites include Western Zhou cultural sites.
Before the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou people mainly lived in Joo Won?, where Fufeng and Qishan counties joined. With the development of national strength, in the era of Zhou Wenwang, the capital moved from Joo Won? under Qishan to Fengjing, which was called Fengjing. Fengjing is the earliest rising city near Xi, located to the west of Fengjing. Archaeological evidence from Joo Won? shows that Zhou people first built houses with tiles.
After his son succeeded to the throne, he moved the capital from Feng to the east bank of Feng River. But Feng didn't give it up. Fengjing and Haojing face each other across the Maple River. In fact, it is two sub-districts of a city, only focusing on layout.
Fenghao, with a history of 3,000 years, is the first big city to rise near Xi 'an.
At the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, in 770 AD, Zhou Pingwang moved to Luoyang, and Fenghao no longer became the capital.
Qin Mugong, one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period, ruled Xirong, and the state of Qin took Yongcheng as its capital for a long time.
Later, due to political factors, Qin moved the capital to Liyang (now the northeast of Lintong County), and then retreated to Xianyang, with Weibei as the center.
Qin Shihuang unified China with Xianyang as the stage.
After Qin Shihuang unified China, he built a palace in Weinan, namely Epang Palace. Epang Palace site is located between Zhaojiabao and Dagu Village in the western suburb of Xi today.
Epang Palace is famous for its grandeur. At that time, Qin, with a population of 20 million, used the labor force like this: "400,000 Great Wall was built in the north and more than 500,000 Wuling in the south. The battle between Lushan and Afangshan was more than 700,000 each. "
From the distribution of its labor force, we can see the scale and momentum of Epang Palace. In fact, Epang Palace was not built, and the Qin Dynasty perished. Xiang Yu's peasant rebels set fire to Epang Palace, and the fire did not go out in March.
In fact, at the same time as Epang Palace, there are Xin Palace and Xing Le Palace, which are isomorphic into a large building complex.
Although Xianyang Palace has always been the political ruling center of the Qin Dynasty, Epang Palace, built as a palace palace, has a tendency to replace Xianyang Palace.
Today, the location of Xianyang City has moved ten kilometers to Ben.
Speaking of Qin Shihuang, we have to say the world-famous Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses. Terracotta warriors and horses are known as "the eighth wonder of the world" and "one of the great discoveries in the archaeological history of the 20th century".
"。 Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors Museum is a cultural relic museum built on the original site of Terracotta Warriors Pit. 1987 12 is listed in the World Cultural Heritage List.
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Dynasty were discovered in 1974. They were excavated in an underground building on the east side of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum in xiyang village, Lintong County, and there was a pit where Qin Shihuang Mausoleum was buried.
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Ma Tao, Ren Tao are very much like real people, and their shapes are very realistic. All samurai are short-armed weapons (really), powerful and magnificent. It consists of three terracotta warriors and horses pits.
The guards of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum are similar to those of a division today. This is a mixed force of infantry, crossbowmen and chariots. It is an invaluable treasure to study the military history and the formation of military formations in the Qin Dynasty.
In the history of China, Chang 'an was also the capital of Han and Tang Dynasties.
The difference is that the capital of Chang 'an in Han Dynasty was at the northwest foot of Longshouyuan, in the northwest suburb of Xi City today; When the capital of Chang 'an is at the south foot of Longshouyuan.
The capital of Chang 'an in Han Dynasty is the further development of ancient high-rise buildings in China. There are three groups of palaces in Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty, namely the famous Weiyang Palace, Changle Palace and Zhangjian Palace.
Weiyang Palace in Chang 'an in Han Dynasty was the place where emperors lived and the center of political rule in Han Dynasty. It was built in the period of Liu Bang.
Changle Palace, also known as the East Palace, is named after its location in the east of Weiyang Palace, where Empress Dowager Cixi lived.
Located in the west of the city, Zhangjian Palace was built in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, with far more palaces and pavilions than Weiyang and Changle.
After Wang Mang seized power, he demolished Zhang Jian Palace and built its nine temples (ancestral halls), leaving only the front hall of Gaobao and the site of Taiyechi.
Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty was located at the northern foot of Longshouyuan, which was built 800 years later than Chang 'an in Han Dynasty. Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty played an important role in the history of urban construction in China. Today's Xi city and its nearby suburbs are its location. Emperor Wen of Sui, Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty, was founded and renovated as Daxing City, and was renamed Chang 'an City in the Tang Dynasty.
Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty consists of Guo Cheng, Imperial City and Miyagi City. All the walls are made of rammed earth, which is very tall and majestic.
The outer Guo Cheng is a big rectangle with a width of 972 1m from east to west and a length of 865 1m from north to south, covering an area of about 84 square kilometers. There are three gates on each side of Outer Guo Cheng.
The Imperial City and Miyagi are in the center of the northern outer city, with Miyagi in the north and the Imperial City in the south, which are the core of Chang 'an City in the Tang Dynasty. The imperial city, also known as Zicheng, is the seat of government agencies.
Miyagi is the place where the emperor and the royal family live and handle state affairs.
An important feature of the design of Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty is that there is a city in the city, which has no precedent before.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda and the Small Wild Goose Pagoda are the most important buildings left over from Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty. Both the Big Wild Goose Pagoda and the Small Wild Goose Pagoda are located in the south of Xi.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda was built by Xuanzang in Yonghui, Tang Gaozong in 652. It is called the Wild Goose Pagoda, not because it is shaped like a wild goose. It is said to be related to Buddhist stories and legends. The Big Wild Goose Pagoda has an open floor, 64 meters high. It is an excellent example of China Pavilion-style brick tower.
The Little Wild Goose Pagoda was founded and restored by Tang Zhongzong Jinglong (707-709). Because the pagoda is smaller than the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, it is named Little Wild Goose Pagoda. From here, there are wild goose pagodas, large and small. The Little Wild Goose Pagoda is made of dense eaves and bricks. It used to be the fifteenth floor, but now it's the thirteenth floor. It is 43.3 meters high.
Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty was the largest city in the world at that time, with contacts with more than 300 countries and regions. Many ethnic minorities and foreigners live here, forming a unique cultural atmosphere.
The economy of the Tang Dynasty also developed greatly, and the prosperity of economy and the development of superstructure promoted the prosperity of the culture of the Tang Dynasty. The most famous in this period is poetry.
Poetry in Tang Dynasty is the golden age of poetry development in feudal society in China. Now there are nearly 50,000 poems written by more than 2,300 poets in The Whole Tang Poetry.
Many poets also held official positions, such as Chen Ziang, Wang Changling, Gao Shi, Wang Wei, Li Bai, Du Fu, Cen Can, Liu Yuxi, Du Mu, Li Shangyin and Bai Juyi.
The most popular poem in the Tang Dynasty is 300 Tang Poems, which is an enlightenment textbook used by ordinary people in China to educate their children. Most people can recite a few songs at will. It shows the prosperity and popularity of Tang poetry, and it has also become a part of China traditional culture.
In addition, the stylistic innovation carried out by Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan under the banner of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty also brought positive and far-reaching influence to the development of literature in the Tang Dynasty and later generations, especially the development of prose.
Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty was the largest city in the world at that time, with contacts with more than 300 countries and regions. This kind of communication is largely related to the Silk Road.
"Silk Road" is the name of westerners. The basic trend of the Silk Road was formed in the Han Dynasty around AD. Its eastern starting point is Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty and Chang 'an (now Xi 'an), the capital of the Tang Dynasty, or Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
After the mid-Western Han Dynasty, foreign trade was developed, and the road leading to Central Asia, West Asia and beyond through the northern and southern edges of Tarim Basin was smooth. Along this road, all kinds of woolen goods and other luxury goods were brought in, and a large number of silk goods were shipped out.
The Silk Road in Xinjiang is divided into north and south roads; The north road goes out of Yumenguan, along the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain, across the green ridge in the west, out of Yangguan in the south road, along the northern foot of Kunlun Mountain and across the green ridge in the west. Later, the Silk Road at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain was opened, which was called "Beixin Road". After the Tang Dynasty, with the development of shipping, this famous Silk Road gradually declined. )
The Silk Road played an active role in the economic and cultural exchanges between China and the West, and contributed to the prosperity of Chang 'an City in Han and Tang Dynasties.
Wang Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Two Ambassadors Anxi" (or "Song of the Acropolis"), which helps to understand the importance of the Silk Road. (See "Three Stories of Yangguan" in the appreciation of Chinese and foreign music works on this website for details.)
Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty lasted for 300 years.
In order to adapt to the situation of the war in the late Tang Dynasty, the Youguo Army forced Han Jian to shrink the city. He gave up the dilapidated outer Guo Cheng and Miyagi, and rebuilt the imperial city, that is, the "new city", that is, Chang 'an in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.
The scale of this new city laid the foundation for the development of Xi 'an today.
During the Five Dynasties, Chang 'an had little political achievements because of the war.
The war in the Northern Song Dynasty decreased, but it was at the forefront, often threatened by Xixia, and it was difficult to develop.
In Yuan Dynasty, Chang 'an City developed rapidly. The traveler gave a wonderful description of the development of Chang 'an City in Yuan Dynasty in his travel notes.
The development of the Yuan Dynasty was closely related to the continuous function of the Silk Road to Central Asia.
The name Xi 'an only existed in the early Ming Dynasty. In March of the second year of Hongwu in Ming Taizu (1936), General Xu Da marched into Fengyuan Road, and the Ming government changed Fengyuan Road to Xi 'an Anfu.
Today, Xi 'an Town was built in Hongwu, Ming Taizu from seven to eleven years (1374-1378), with a history of 600 years. In the Qing Dynasty, with the Manchu people moving into Xi 'an, a complete city was built for the Manchu people to live in. It is located in the northeast corner of the city.
Since the Five Dynasties, the historical role of Xi 'an was mainly a military town. Social economy has been in a state of stagnation for a long time, and its development is extremely slow. Until the end of Qing Dynasty, the population of Xi 'an was only 1 1 ten thousand.
Today, Xi has become an important city in the west of China, developing rapidly.
Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriors Pit are also known as world cultural heritage, attracting worldwide attention.
Now, as a famous historical and cultural city, Xi and its Shaanxi Province have become famous tourist destinations in China. Its tourist attractions are also abbreviations of history and culture, such as Terracotta Warriors and Horses, Wild Goose Pagoda, Ganling (Tomb of Wu Zetian), Zhaoling (also known as Tang Mausoleum and Emperor Taizong Mausoleum), Maoling, Diaoyutai in Jiang Ziya, Zhougong Temple, Wuzhangyuan, Huangdi Mausoleum, Louguantai (Holy Land of Taoism) and Sean Temple.