Ouyang Xiu (1007- 1072) was born in Yong Shu, Zuiweng, alias Liu Yiju and Luling (now Ji 'an County, Jiangxi Province). At that time, there were many famous writers in Jiangxi in the early Northern Song Dynasty. Besides Ouyang Xiu, there are Yan Shu, Wang Anshi and Huang Shangu, all from Jiangxi, but Ouyang Xiu was not born. Ouyang Xiu wrote an article in memory of his dead father, "Long Gang Tong Biao", in which he said, "When I was four years old, I was very lonely. My wife kept her oath, lived in poverty, had no worries about food and clothing, and let me grow up with education. " He claimed that when he lost his father at home, he "didn't have a tile or a plant." Of course, literati inevitably exaggerate, but they can also see that they are poor. Because there was no money to buy paper and pens, Oumu painted reeds on dusty soil to teach Ouyang Xiu to read. So there is the story of "drawing a dragon core". The neighbor has a large population and has a collection of Han Yu's works. It was from this time that Ouyang Xiu came into contact with and loved ancient prose. He was a scholar in Song Renzong Tiansheng for eight years. He was a tired official, an assistant to the parliament (a central official in charge of military affairs) and an adviser on political affairs (equivalent to the Prime Minister). He was demoted many times. During the reign of Emperor Zong Xining, Prince Shao Shi became an official. He died shortly after his resignation, Shi Wenzhong.
Ouyang Xiu was a pioneer in the literary and ideological and political circles of the Northern Song Dynasty. Let's start with his influence in the literary world. Parallel prose was popular in the early Tang Dynasty, and the article paid attention to duality. In the Han Yu period, he opposed parallel prose and advocated ancient prose, and Liu Zongyuan also advocated writing ancient prose, which was the ancient prose movement in the history of China literature. However, in the late Tang Dynasty, ancient prose declined and parallel prose revived. Here is a story about Li Shangyin, a victim under the change of writing style. Shao Li studied ancient prose and made great achievements when he was young, but later he was trained to write parallel prose because of its popularity, and he wrote parallel prose for bureaucrats all his life. Unfortunately, his talent in ancient prose has not been brought into play. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, parallel prose was still popular, and Ouyang Xiu was a person who transferred the style of writing in the Northern Song Dynasty. The so-called eight masters of ancient Chinese prose, except Han and Liu, are all writers in the Northern Song Dynasty. Among them, except Ouyang Xiu, several other writers were promoted and trained by Ouyang Xiu. Poetry also inherited the gorgeous style of the early Northern Song Dynasty and the late Tang Dynasty. In the late Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin was famous for his gorgeous poetic style. Many people only see the gorgeous appearance of Li's poems, but they obliterate the deep and painful feelings in Li's poems. Li Shangyin has lofty ideals and deep sorrow for individuals and countries. The poets in the early Northern Song Dynasty only imitated the vanity and carving style of the gorgeous appearance in the late Tang Dynasty. It was not until Ouyang Xiu changed the atmosphere that the poems expressed sincere thoughts and feelings.
When it comes to changing the atmosphere, Ouyang Xiu's ci can't compare with his achievements in ancient prose and poetry. Both his poems and ancient prose are protagonists in changing the atmosphere, but they are only intermediate figures in ci, which is a bridge between the preceding and the following. The so-called "inheritance" means that he inherited the profundity of the five pronouns and Yan Shu inherited the elegance of Feng Ci. "Enlightenment" means that Su Zizhan is handsome and Qin Shaoyou is elegant.
Politically, Ouyang Xiu advocated the atmosphere of admonishing ministers and saying things in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty. The scholar-officials in the early Song Dynasty were all very idealistic people. Ouyang Xiu stayed in Luoyang (then called Xijing) as an official instead of being an official in the central government after he entered the Jinshi in his twenties. He wrote to Fan Zhongyan and asked him why he didn't speak as an admonition officer. Later, they all criticized state affairs as officials. Many people are offended by criticizing political events. Coupled with the prevalence of parallel prose in the early Northern Song Dynasty, young people must be able to write parallel prose if they want to enter the official career. Ouyang Xiu advocated reform in the Qing Dynasty, demanding that the focus of the examination should not be parallel prose, but policy (political paper), because it was related to the career prospects of young people and attracted many complaints. So someone slandered him, saying that his character had shortcomings, which led to his being demoted several times. For his detailed official experience, you can refer to the chronology attached to the complete works of Ouyang Xiu, so I won't say much here.
As for his character, we can explore it from some of his nicknames. Although Ouyang Xiu didn't choose his own name, he chose his own nickname, so we can look at his character from his own nickname. Ouyang Xiu is an alcoholic. He once told himself why he chose the name "Zuiweng" in Zuiweng Pavilion. The Preface to Drunk Pavilion was written by Ouyang Xiu when he was relegated to Chuzhou (now Chuxian County, Anhui Province). How did he react to setbacks and difficulties? At the beginning of Drunk, he said, "The Chu River is surrounded by mountains, and its southwest peaks, forests and valleys are beautiful ... Turn around, and those who have pavilions on the springs are drunk." Between the beautiful mountains and rivers, there is a drunken pavilion. At that time, it was the magistrate of Chuzhou, and I often went to the pavilion with my friends. "He drank less and was drunk, but it was the highest in history, so he called himself an alcoholic." He used mountains and rivers to dispel his worries, so he was named "Drunken Man". He also has another nickname "laity on June 1st", which means that there is a thousands of books and a thousand lost stone inscriptions (China pays attention to antiques, and Ouyang Xiu is also the pioneer of ethos). On weekdays, he plays a game of chess, a piano, a pot of wine, plus "I am an old man", a total of six ones. Therefore, it is called "6 1 layer". From his two nicknames, we can all see that Ouyang Xiu has great interest in enjoying life.
Among the poets in the Five Dynasties and the early Northern Song Dynasty, Yan Shu and Ouyang Xiu are similar in style to Feng Yansi, but they are not the same, mainly because their personalities are not exactly the same. Feng Yansi's performance is "always sick before flowers, regardless of his thin face in the mirror", a persistent enthusiasm; There is harmony in Yan Shu's poems, such as "I feel helpless when the flowers fall, and I feel familiar when Yan returns" and "I miss mountains and rivers everywhere, and it is worse to pity the people in front of me when the flowers fall", all of which show a kind of harmony in the universe. Yan Shu has his own way of dealing with unsatisfactory things (note: for the style of Yan Shu's ci, please refer to the style of Wen Weifeng's four Li's ci and the cheerfulness of Dayan's ci).
One of the characteristics of European Ci is that you have fun when you are frustrated. Unfortunately, there are mountains and rivers to visit and wine to drink. Aren't you happy? Although I am old, I can still play the piano, play chess, taste wine, write inscriptions and read books. He knows how to appreciate the great white and life. Only by appreciating nature and life can one have love for the world. If he indulges in the struggle for gains and losses every day and thinks he has gained something, he actually loses a lot of happiness. Ouyang Xiu's first characteristic is that he can still maintain a sense of fun, not degenerate and not discouraged. As for his second characteristic, whether it is ancient prose or poetry, he shows a "cadence posture". His ancient prose is beautiful. We usually study poetry and often find a model to learn. Some writers can learn, such as Du Fu, while others can't, such as Li Bai. Li Bai can't be learned without his genius. Ouyang Xiu can learn ancient prose and ci, and it is beautiful to learn. This is mainly because he has a cadence attitude.
Ouyang Xiu has a keen sense, profound experience and appreciation ability, so his style is euphemistic.
He also wrote some romantic words. Some Taoists claimed that many romantic love stories were "disguised" by others to protect Ouyang Xiu's knowledge and morality, and were used to deliberately attack him. There are no improper words in his collection of Ci-poetry, but in another version, there are many words with low style and character, which has caused a lot of controversy. In fact, whether a word is written by Ouyang Xiu should not be judged by whether its theme is about love, but Drunk does contain some words with "bad habits" and doesn't look like Ou's works.
Now let's take a look at a song by Ouyang Xiu, Picking Mulberry Seeds. There are thirteen * * * poems in Ouyang Xiu's "Picking Mulberry Seeds", ten of which are words describing the West Lake. This group of words has a characteristic, that is, there is an essay called "Yu Nian" or "Zhiyu" before the words, and the last three words of the first sentence of each word are "West Lake is good". These ten words can still be sung at that time, but now the music is lost. Word combination was a very popular format at that time. Many manuscripts of Tang Dynasty songs were found in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, including Four Seasons Songs, Wugengdiao and Twelve o'clock. There is a limit to the number of these words, which must be composed of four, five and twelve. This is the later "fixed couplets". However, "Picking Mulberry Seeds" has different word combinations, and the number of words is not limited. The combination of words had a great influence on the later rap literature (the rap literature in the Song Dynasty was called drum words, and later it was called "drum words" in the North). Rap literature, as its name implies, is a mixture of rap. Or it can be used to tell stories (Zhao's poem Death in Song Dynasty), or it can be used to tell scenery. Ouyang Xiu's "Picking Mulberry Seeds" is a group of words describing the scenery of the West Lake, and the words before the words are the "talking" part of rap literature.
The West Lake mentioned in this set of words is not the West Lake in Hangzhou that everyone is familiar with today, but the West Lake in Yingzhou, Anhui. Ouyang Xiu was demoted to Yingzhou as a satrap in middle age. At that time, he loved the beauty of the West Lake and said that he would come to Yingzhou after retirement. Later, he really came back, lived in Yingzhou for more than a year and then died.
This group of "picking mulberry seeds" was written when he returned to the West Lake for the second time. It describes the beauty of the West Lake in different seasons and under different circumstances, and in the last song, he wrote a sigh about the past and present. Ouyang Xiu's "Send something to refuel" can be seen in this group of words, especially in the part before reciting the words. He is not a rigid old pedant, but an interesting figure. Perhaps this is the reason why many of his romantic stories spread. He likes to write pop songs that can really be performed. His other words include "The Pride of the Fisherman", which was written from 1 month to1February, just like the form of "framing and linking chapters" in Dunhuang music I mentioned earlier. But we have no time to talk about fisherman's pride. Now, I will only introduce a few poems about picking mulberry seeds. Let's look at the pronunciation of this group of words:
Wang Ziyou likes bamboo, but he didn't ask his master to build a door. Tao Yuanming's hermit stayed on the road when he met wine. As far as the victory of West Lake is concerned, it is a good name for Dongying. Although the scenery is beautiful, it is more solid than the high meeting; The breeze and bright moon are fortunate to belong to idle people. Go together or make friends, and sometimes go alone on impulse. The frog listened for a while, but Ann asked if it was official or private. The winding water is flowing, so you can sing it. I am happy but know that I am like anyone. As we all know, occasional visits are often better than other visits, and the former is credible; Although nothing is your own, you have gained a lot. Write a new tune because of the old words. Dare to be humble and chat with Qing Huan.
Wang Zi of Jin Dynasty liked bamboo. When he heard about its beauty, he came to see it. According to Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Wang Ziyou once heard that there was a beautiful bamboo shop and asked to see it. He went straight to see the bamboo after entering the door, then turned his head and left. The host blocked his way in order to see him. Wang admired his host's frank style and they became friends. It is also recorded in history that Tao Yuanming had foot disease. Every time he goes out for a ride, he is carried by his protege or his son. After he abandoned his official post and returned to his hometown, the local governor wanted to see it. Later, I learned that he loved to drink, so I bought wine on the way out. Tao stopped to drink when he saw the wine, not to mention the beautiful scenery of the West Lake, which is famous for Dongying. If it is a beautiful day, there will naturally be an endless stream of tourists from the West Lake. But even when there are not many tourists, a trip to the West Lake, a breeze blowing on your face and a bright moon in the sky belong to you and me who have leisure to visit the West Lake. Travel with friends or by yourself. Listen to frogs at the West Lake in the evening (China compared frogs to music), and occasionally listen for a while. Is it official or folk music? Here is a bend of water, sitting by the water, drinking a glass of wine, reciting a poem (he used the allusion of "winding water and flowing clouds" in Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion here), chatting with intimate feelings. Everyone is in high spirits and heart to heart. Who cares what others think? Occasionally, as the ancients said, sometimes it is more interesting than making a special visit. Although I didn't have all this, I didn't enjoy it. "The breeze on the river, the bright moon in the mountains, it's wonderful to hear, and the colors are endless. They are inexhaustible and are the creator's endless treasure. " )? So change old words, write new words, and boldly show some of my skills to increase your happiness.
This recitation shows the background and artistic conception of Ouyang Xiu's lyrics at that time, and also shows the interest and taste of Ouyang Xiu's performance and appreciation. Let's watch a song "Picking Mulberry Seeds" (Part IV)
After all the flowers are gone, the West Lake is beautiful, red and weeping willows are withered all day. When all the tourists left, they began to feel the spring sky, put down the curtains and went back to the drizzle.
Most people appreciate it when the flowers bloom, but the West Lake is still beautiful after the flowers fall. Ouyang Xiu is a very interesting and emotional person. He can not only enjoy the West Lake where flowers are in full bloom, but also enjoy the West Lake where colorful English is residual red. Catkin is a willow flower, but when a gust of wind blows, it floats away. Wang Guowei chanted catkin words "How to flash and fall without looking at others when opening". In A Dream of Red Mansions, Lin Daiyu also wrote a poem about catkins: "The powder falls on a hundred flowers, the fragrant bird's nest still exists, and the team becomes a ball." In spring, catkins are flying all over the sky, which gives people a feeling of being ready to move. Yan Shu's "Walking on the Sand", "Spring breeze does not lift the ban, but rushes to the pavement", also describes this kind of scenery like "flying group" in European characters.
Ouyang Xiu appreciates the flow of natural life phenomena, and willow is the most suitable nature to express the flow posture. Wicker slender, swaying with the wind, standing on the small building leaning against the railing, wicker in front of you, swaying with the wind all day. This sentence "weeping willows dry in the sun" fully reveals the beauty of European fonts. "Let all the tourists go." In the heyday of spring outing, blowing sheng Sang, now these are gone, and tourists are gone. Without the beauty of singing and dancing, there is the beauty of "openness and detachment" that ordinary people don't appreciate. This not only shows his appreciation of nature, but also shows a kind of wisdom and consciousness.
The second half of this sentence is not difficult to understand, but some of its "feelings" are not easy to understand. In the words of "Words on Earth", "When all the tourists are gone, spring begins to feel empty", which means a kind of "realm". Some people call it "the world", but the meaning is not complete. "Realm" was originally a Buddhist language, with special emphasis on the realm of "awareness". For example, the outside world is full of flowers. If you don't feel anything inside, this flower can only be regarded as a "world", not a "realm". The "realm" shows the mind's perception of the scene and a feeling and interest after being triggered.
For example, joys and sorrows are personnel experiences, and peach blossoms and willow greens are changes in scenery. People or scenery really touched you, and your words have a realm; There is no realm if you are unmoved and just copy what others say. Different authors have different feelings. Some people feel broad-minded, such as Du Fu's deep affection, he has a broad and profound realm; Some people are born with transcendence. Therefore, the realm reflects not only feelings, but also personality. The style of his works must be a reflection of his personality. Broad and profound, detached and lofty, is not only his realm, but also the achievement of his personality.
If a person's life has experienced great changes from prosperity to decline, from existence to absence, there must be profound feelings. In the midst of great changes, if we are only moved by sadness, we still have a way to go. For example, Li Houzhu said, "When are the spring flowers and the autumn moon? How much do you know about the past? The small building was easterly again last night, so the country could not bear to look back at the middle of next month. " From prosperity to decline, from existence to non-existence, he was moved and sad. "People naturally grow up and hate water growing in the East", but he didn't realize it. Only when we have a thorough and complete understanding of life can we have a more complete and intelligent consciousness and experience of life. Ouyang Xiu didn't necessarily have a very rational philosophical thought when he wrote this poem, but he was keen and profound in his own qualifications and endowments, from which he could gain a wise consciousness. Through the "hanging curtain pillow, it's drizzling in Shuang Yan". If a person really sees decline from prosperity, from possession to possession, and really extinguishes his lust, will his heart be as dead as his feelings? No, we have to move on. "Curtain pillow" is a kind of arrangement, which has nothing to do with the outside world, but it has "Shuang Yan returns in the drizzle", just like Yan Shu's "helpless flowers fall, deja vu Yan returns". A pair of swallows flew back in the light rain. Although he has an intellectual understanding of the world, he is not completely empty, completely dead and not exhausted. He is still moved and appreciated by life. This just shows his interest and hobby in playing ball.
Looking at the other two poems, we can prove the special realm and achievements of Ouyang Xiu's ci.
I have loved the West Lake all my life. I have come to embrace Zhu Lun, and I have been pitching for twenty years. Returning like a crane in Liaodong, the whole city is new. Who knows the old master?
In the past, when Ouyang Xiu came to visit the West Lake as a magistrate in Yingzhou, he took the magistrate's car, and the wheels were painted red, but the wealth of that year was gone forever like floating clouds in the sky. Time flies, from prosperity to decline. Twenty years later, I looked down. "Liaodong Crane" uses a story in "The Epilogue of Finding God", which tells that people left home to study Taoism in the past. After death, the soul turned into a crane and returned to my hometown in Liaodong. The battlements remain the same, but the personnel are completely different. Ouyang Xiu said that he is now back in Yingzhou, just like Ding has returned to his hometown after a long absence. The battlements remain the same, but people are different. Tao Yuanming said that "life is a different city", and life has changed a lot in these twenty or thirty years. Although the scenery of the West Lake remains the same, everything else has changed. It was chief Yingzhou who came to hold Zhu Lun in those days. But when I came back today, I recognized this place. Does this place recognize me? Ouyang Xiu wrote a profound understanding of the past and the present in this short little word.
The following song "Picking Mulberry Seeds" is not included in the West Lake Ci, and the writing date is unknown. Let's take a brief look:
Ten years ago, I was a former tourist. The moon is white and the wind is clear, and the sorrow is dry. Time flies when I am old. Although Bian Hua never changed his original intention, he still tried to listen to old songs in a golden coat, still like being drunk in the past.
"The moon is white and the wind is clear" is about prosperity, prosperity, happiness and youth, and "sorrow and withering" is about "decline" and the death of relatives and friends. "Although Bian Hua has changed his mind", he is old, but his inner feelings are still young. The ancients said, "There is no greater sorrow than death in the heart, followed by physical death." . Ouyang Xiu is old, but he still has Du Fu's spirit of "getting old is difficult, but Qiu Lai prospers".
Next, let's look at Ouyang Xiu's two poems "Jade House Spring". There are twenty-nine words in Ouyang Xiu's Yu Lou Chun. Let's look at one of them first.
I was going to say the date of return before opening the bottle, but I didn't say that the spring capacity was miserable first. Ah, there is love in life, and love is in the depths of madness. This is not irrelevant to hate-the wind overhead, the moon in the sky. Before the farewell party, Mo sang a new tie. This song has a sad feeling. It's easy to see all the flowers in Los Angeles at first.
At first, it was sad. Although there is wine in front of me, it is a farewell wine. "Songs of the South" said, "Happy, new friends, sad and sad, parting." The saddest thing in life is to leave suddenly. Wang Wei's "Advise the monarch to drink a glass of wine, and people have no reason to go out of Xiyangguan" and Li Houzhu's "Smoke and tears, when to get drunk, when to sink" are all about the wine of parting. Today, we can still have a glass of wine together. I want to tell you about the day I went back. Before you say it, your beautiful face will soon become miserable and crying. Why? There is nothing to do for all beings because of life, knowing that there will be reunion and separation, but I just can't see through it. The sadness of life is because life is sentimental and has nothing to do with romance, so it is said that "life is born with infatuation, and this hatred has nothing to do with romance."
When criticizing Ouyang Xiu's two sentences, Wang Guowei said, "There is calmness in boldness." Boldly expressed in the word "natural infatuation". Strong tone, no doubt. The ancients said: "Too forgetful, the most self-abased, the clock of love is in our generation." The scholar with the highest accomplishment can transcend people's feelings of joys and sorrows, while the person with the lowest accomplishment is insensitive and doesn't understand people's feelings, and their feelings are gathered in us. The reason why people are moved by the flowers blooming and falling, the breeze and the bright moon is because people are affectionate, not only affectionate, but also a little "crazy". They were moved by the flowers and the moon, and when they saw the flowers falling and the moon lacking, they had roots. Ouyang Xiu's tone here is not detached.
In the second half of the song, the ancients often sang one song after another. For example, Wang Changling, who was good at writing frontier poems in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote a seven-character quatrain: "There is always a feeling of parting in the new voice of pipa dancing. I can't stop listening to chaos, and the high autumn moon shines on the Great Wall. " When it comes to the recruiters guarding the border, they all miss their hometown relatives in the autumn night. The music of the frontier fortress was influenced by the Hu people, playing the pipa, and everyone listened and danced. No matter how many tunes I changed, I couldn't get rid of the feeling of parting. Recruiters can't help but be flustered. Looking up, I saw a full moon shining on this desolate ancient city. From Wang Changling's poems, we can know that leaving songs is often one after another. As for the wine of parting and listening to the song of parting, we can't help asking singers not to sing new songs of parting for the time being, because every time we listen to a song of parting, people who leave are more moved by feelings, so we say, "Leave a song without renovation, and teach the intestines to tie a knot", and Ouyang Xiu wants to keep his fun in this sadness, so he goes on to say, "We must see all the flowers in Los Angeles before we start." Why not enjoy this last moment when we are still together? Don't be fooled by the feelings of parting, enjoy the flower season in Luoyang, and wait until the day of parting to bid farewell to the spring breeze more easily. Straight Beard also shows Ouyang Xiu's courage. Finally, he used a metaphor. When spring comes, people will get together and leave, or enjoy it before leaving in spring, so that people can cherish the party before leaving. Ouyang Xiu's "Let's Enjoy Longitudinally" is quite similar to that of Li Houzhu. These two sentences also fully show Europe's interest in enjoying the play and contain deep feelings. Xin Qiji, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, is also an uninhibited poet, with deep affection in his uninhibited style. If there is only boldness and no true feelings, it can only be regarded as a "good word." Let's take a look at another poem by Ouyang Xiu, "Jade House is Spring":
The clouds on the temple suddenly turned into clusters of spring clouds, and gradually felt that the years were comparable to the eyes. Plum blossoms in the north branch are cold, and ripples in Nanpu are like wine green. Wheatgrass is still coming, and I can't help feeling too much. Before the bottle, you will go home in spring. Don't worry about hurting Haruka.
Ouyang Xiu used wonderful words to describe nature. Clouds in winter are different from those in spring, and the poet noticed this subtle change. When it snows in winter, the gray sky is even. This is not the case in Xia Yun. The ancients said, "Xia Yunduo Qifeng". When the rainstorm comes in summer, the clouds will expand as quickly as the towering peaks. "Autumn clouds are as thin as Luo", autumn clouds are as thin as yarn and autumn is crisp. As for Chunyun? Spring has come, the sky is no longer gloomy and leaden, and spring clouds appear in the blue sky. Spring is coming, and everything is beautiful. Looking around, traces of spring can be seen everywhere. How beautiful is it? So I reduced it from a large lens to a small lens. Even the plum blossoms on the branches facing north are in bloom. How come? "Breaking the cold" means braving the cold wind. Usually, the sunshine shoots first, and the sunshine flowers bloom first. Now even the flowers facing north are in bloom, indicating that spring has come. As for the running water on the ground? It is "Nanpu ripples like wine." Jiang Yanshan, a poet in the Southern Dynasties, wrote a farewell guest, including a sentence, "Spring grass is green, spring water is green, and I will send you to Nanpu to grieve." Nanpu is the waterside in the south. Ouyang Xiu said that "Nanpu ripples are like wine green", and the water waves are not only green, but also green like wine. Du Fu's "Pour the bottle without green" and Bai Juyi's "Old bottle with a glimmer of green" all say that wine is green. Water waves are as green as wine and intoxicating. Water is green like wine, and wine is more like water. The word Europe gives people a strong feeling. The ancients said that after spring came, there were twenty-four fragrant flowers, which brought the news of spring. The second continuation of wheatgrass shows a strong interest in enjoyment and describes the continuous good things. Why do you love flowers? Because of rich feelings, "I can't bear it everywhere", the mood of enjoying flowers can't be completely satisfied. I made all kinds of plans and arrangements in front of the glass, ready to enjoy spring. "If you really look forward to spring, don't be sad and hurt it because of its arrival, so I said," Don't worry about hurting Haruka. ""Hundred "is also used very well. He hides his sadness behind enjoyment and appreciation, but he never gives in to it. Generally speaking, Ouyang Xiu's works are interesting because he knows how to appreciate and is not straightforward. The beauty of his figure is manifested in two aspects: structure and image. Structurally speaking, take his "Picking Mulberry Seeds" as an example: "Ten years ago, I was a former guest, the moon was white and the wind was clear, my mind was withered, time passed quickly, and I was old. "The first two sentences were raised, the last two sentences fell, and then the second half was turned up again." Although Manhua has changed her mind, she still feels drunk if she wants to listen to old songs again. "You can see its cadence, changes in structure and posture. He also changed it in one sentence, such as "picking mulberry seeds" and "The West Lake is good after a hundred flowers bloom", which means falling behind first. He also has a gesture in the image, such as "flying catkins, weeping willows to dry", describing weeping willows in the breeze, showing the gesture of rippling spring waves. It is also said that "the northern branch of Mei is cold". The north branch is cold and the plum blossom is beautiful. Cold also means cold, but the north branch of plum blossom is braving the cold. This sentence combines many contradictions. He can express himself because he has seen and mastered all kinds of contradictory beauty and posture beauty, and also because he is interested in appreciating all kinds of aesthetic feelings.
Ouyang Xiu's ci can arouse people's association, not only because of his superficial writing style, but also because of his emotional spirit. Therefore, some people think that Ouyang Xiu's ci has the meaning of sustenance. On the surface, it says vanilla beauty, but it's actually different. In other words, Changzhou poets in Qing Dynasty used this method to explain Europeanized words, but sometimes this explanation was too reluctant. In fact, Ci can achieve its goal as long as it can improve its emotional accomplishment, but Changzhou Ci School in Qing Dynasty used Bixing to explain everything. Zhang Huiyan, a poet of Changzhou Ci School, compiled a collection of Ci, in which Ouyang Xiu's Dead Hua Lian was mentioned. On the surface, this poem seems to be a work that hurts spring.
In the courtyard, deep willows pile up smoke, and the curtains are not counted. Jade music carving saddle tour smelting place, the building is not high, look at Zhangtai Road. March storm, closing at dusk, not planning to stay in spring. Tears ask flowers silently, and red flies over the swing.
In ancient times, the rich had several courtyards, such as front yard, main yard, backyard, cross yard and so on. This word means that there is a man who lives in a deep yard. How deep is it? I didn't know that willows were planted in every yard, and there seemed to be a layer of smoke on the dense branches of willows. There are many rooms in each yard, and curtains are hung in front of each room. How many curtains are there? Difficult to calculate. Courtyard boudoir, women miss men. The rich boy rode a beautifully decorated horse to play with geisha. But although the woman is in a tall building, she can't see his position. Zhangtai Road is the name of Chang 'an Avenue in Han Dynasty, which was later extended to the place where men travel. Flowers will fall in spring, what's more, there will be heavy rain and strong winds in late spring and March? Women are blocked in many courtyards and can't keep the spring. There is an ancient poem that says "thinking of a gentleman makes you old". In ancient times, a woman could not prove the value of her life in more ways, but only depended on men's love for her. If a man can't come back, her life will be blank. People's lives disappear with the years, and flowers' lives are scattered in the wind and rain. Why do people's lives disappear and why do flowers fall apart in the wind and rain? With the feelings of parting and tears, I watched the petals float to the other side of the autumn shelf, but I couldn't stay in spring. This kind of loneliness hurts spring, which can be said to be the original artistic conception in ci.
In Selected Poems, Zhang Huiyan thinks that "the yard is deep with willow smoke and the curtain is not heavy" in Li Sao means "the boudoir is far away", while "the boudoir" in Li Sao refers to the residence of a beautiful woman, who is compared to the king of Chu. So these two words mean "the court where the king is located is so deep and so far away that I can't get close." "A tall building can't see Zhangtai Road" is equivalent to "a philosopher doesn't realize" in Li Sao, which means that that person won't come back to realize. A man means a king. "March storm raged" refers to decree rape. "Tears ask flowers without words, and red flies fly over the swing" means that Lv Yijian, the prime minister in the early Northern Song Dynasty, was very conservative, while Ouyang Xiu, Han Qi and Fan Shen 'an advocated reform. Later, the political reform failed, and Han and Fan were successively demoted. In other words, Zhang Huiyan thinks this word is about the political struggle of the Qing Dynasty.
How to judge whether there is sustenance and metaphor in a word should be considered from the author's life, political attitude, tone and historical ability. As far as Ouyang Xiu is concerned, there was a political struggle in the Qing Dynasty. He was indeed demoted because of his different political views, but the tone of his word is not like Li Sao. The words "in the boudoir" and "Zhewang" in Lisao are followed by obvious meanings, but the word can't find which king it refers to in tone, only that it may have sustenance. In addition, reading words also depends on the emotional tone and realm in the words. "It rains in March, closes at dusk, and there is nothing left in spring" is about the disappearance of spring and the failure of life. These two sentences have a basic feeling, but from the narrative tone, they can't prove that they are related to politics, and they can't see that they involve political struggles in officialdom. So we can only say that there may be Bi Xing, but we can't be as sure as Zhang Huiyan. .