The full text is divided into five paragraphs. The first paragraph is about perilla swimming in Chibi with her guests and boating on the river on an autumn night. The river and moonlight are so beautiful that they are intoxicated and feel like immortals. First, point out the time: "Looking at July (the 16th day of the lunar calendar)" and the place: "Traveling under the Red Cliff". Then write the scene: "The breeze is Xu Lai, and the water waves are quiet." Eight words, simple and clear, write a quiet and comfortable artistic conception. The moon is written below: "The moon rises from Dongshan and lingers among bullfights." The word "wandering" conveys the moving form of the slowly rising moon. Write ginger: "The white dew crosses the river, and the water meets the sky." Eight more words. Inadvertently, it is easy to write a vast and distant scene: a vast white fog is across the Yangtze River, and the moonlight and the river are integrated into one, endless and out of reach. The beautiful state written by sixteen words before and after is enough to make people intoxicated. In the meantime, there are descriptions of the protagonists drinking and reciting poems, which show their free and unrestrained personality and feelings. In fact, the beautiful scenery is based on the poet's feelings, and this kind of scenery itself contains the poet's happy mood and leisure interest. So at the end of this paragraph, we can completely understand that they are driving a gondola and floating freely in the endless river, which actually produces a feeling of being lifted off and floating, like being independent and having feathers. It is worth noting that this scene is mainly composed of breeze, bright moon and river water, which not only accurately summarizes the characteristics of the specific environment of this night trip in Chibi, but also effectively highlights the author's subjective feelings; More importantly, it plays an important role in the artistic conception and structure of the article. On the one hand, these three become the main objects of the whole artistic conception; On the other hand, the following questions and comments on the subject and object of life have become the basis of analogy, which makes things and me merge and better expresses the author's thoughts and feelings. In performance, the author is handy and seemingly casual. In fact, it is carefully refined and carefully conceived.
The first paragraph is mainly about scenery, and at the same time it contains feelings in the scenery; In the second paragraph, the emphasis changed from scenery description to lyricism. The hero's feelings turn from joy to sadness, which is expressed by the host-guest duet. The poet was intoxicated by the beautiful scenery of nature and couldn't help drinking and singing for joy. The first half of the lyrics is to write about the beautiful scene he feels in front of him; Driving a boat, walking through the clear river in Ming Che, upstream, the bright moonlight rippling on the water; The second half is about his distant feelings; The people he yearns for are far away and can't meet. The "beauty" here does not refer to a beautiful woman, but to the person you admire or the ideal you pursue. This lyric poem reveals a ray of melancholy thoughts hidden in the heart in joy. And the whistle of the guests "leaning on songs and discussing" blew out a very sad mood. From joy to worry, the overall atmosphere of the article has changed a lot. Here, the author's description of the flute is excellent, and five words "such as" are used to describe the rendering. This voice seems to contain deep resentment, and it seems to be entrusted with persistent yearning pursuit, like sobbing in a low voice, and like whispering; The flute stopped, but the sound was like a gentle thread. Through this metaphor, the original abstract and indescribable voice is vividly expressed, making readers seem to hear its voice. However, the author is still wanting more, and further exaggerates the description, saying that this sad flute will actually make the dragon in the deep water of the valley dance with excitement, and the widow who is alone can't help crying. In this way, readers not only seem to hear the flute with their own ears, but also can't help being infected by the sadness it conveys. The change of feelings and atmosphere from joy to sadness is mainly to cause the discussion about life in the following questions and answers between subject and object. So this section plays a transitional role in the structure.
Starting from the third paragraph, I entered the main part of the article and wrote my own thoughts and sighs about life in the form of questions and answers from subject and object. Guests think of Cao Cao's poems from the scene in front of them, that is, the bright moon, rivers and mountains, and then think of the famous Battle of Red Cliffs in history. It is said that in Chibi, Huangzhou, the west is Xiakou (now Wuchang) and the east is Wuchang (now Ezhou on the other side of Huanggang). Surrounded by mountains and trees. Isn't this where Zhou Yu defeated Cao in the Three Kingdoms period? Historians have different opinions about where the Red Cliff in Battle of Red Cliffs is. Some people think it is on the south bank of the Yangtze River in Puyin County, Hubei Province today, while others think it is Huangzhou Chibi written by Su Shi. However, the author intends to express his feelings, not to inspect historical sites, so we naturally don't have to stick to this. In fact, the author once wrote in Niannujiao o Red Cliff Nostalgia: "To the west of the old base area, humanity is the Red Cliff in Zhou Lang." "Humanity is" means that according to legend, the tone is not necessarily. The guests cast their eyes on the past and the present, and historical figures can't help sighing deeply when they think of themselves. He said that heroes such as Cao Cao and Zhou Yu, who had staged such a magnificent drama as Battle of Red Cliffs in history, were once all-powerful, but with the development of history, they have long since vanished, leaving no trace of history, not to mention ordinary people like us who are frustrated, demoted, wandering around the rivers and lakes and ignored? How short life is and how small it is. Compared with the ever-flowing river and the eternal moon, life is really sad! This paragraph is the guest's explanation of the sadness conveyed by the flute described in the previous paragraph, but its purpose is to trigger the following discussion on the philosophy of life. Literary thinking is like blood, smooth, clear and very compact.
The fourth paragraph is perilla's answer to the guests, which positively expresses the author's philosophy of life. On the one hand, the words "looking up at the Yangtze River is infinite" and "dying with the bright moon" are tightly buckled; On the other hand, it takes care of the scenery at the beginning of the article, so the river and the bright moon in front of us are natural and vivid. He said that the river flowing in front of us is endless, but it will always be a river of water, and it has not actually disappeared; On that day, the moon in the sky was sometimes round and sometimes absent, but it went back and forth, neither increasing nor decreasing. Therefore, the author believes that if we observe and understand things from the changing side, even if most people think that the world will never change, it will change in a short moment; And if we look at it from the same side, then everything in the world and ourselves are endless and will not disappear. Since everything in the universe and life are changeable and unchangeable, and there is no fundamental difference, there is no need to envy the infinity of the Yangtze River and lament the shortness of life. Then how should we spend and enjoy this life? He further suggested that we should go to nature and fully enjoy the beauty of the cool breeze and bright moon, because this is a creation and gift from heaven, not someone's private property, and everyone can enjoy it freely through hearing and hearing. It is reasonable here, and at the same time, it is written that they swim in Chibi at night and revel in the beautiful scenery of the cool breeze and bright moon, which is a great enjoyment and spiritual sustenance of life.
In the fifth paragraph, the writer turned grief into joy, and the host and guest drank heartily, forgetting all their troubles and sorrows, then fell asleep and ended the whole article in a cheerful atmosphere.
The question and answer between subject and object is only a form of expression of Fu, which actually reflects Su Shi's own thoughts. Here, we can see the deep depression of an idealistic and ambitious intellectual in feudal times after being hit politically, and his ideological contradiction and its development and change process in trying to get rid of this mental depression. Through the description of natural beauty and the creation of poetic artistic conception, the author truly and vividly reveals his complex spiritual world and expresses his deep thinking about life. On the surface, he is aloof, broad-minded and optimistic, but after careful understanding, we can find that the author's heart is still full of contradictions and depression. His idea of enjoying his life and pinning it on nature is just a kind of helpless self-comfort, which is itself a manifestation of inner depression, which is not exactly the same as our optimism with confidence and hope for life and the future today. His view of change and invariance is not absolute, which is not without merit, but it is also different from what we call dialectics, but the expression of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's subjective idealism relativism philosophy, which obliterates the difference between things and me. Nevertheless, after suffering a cruel political blow, he was in adversity without being negative and decadent, and showed an open-minded, cheerful and detached spirit, which was also commendable under the historical conditions at that time. Enthusiastic praise for mountains and rivers, admiration for heroes in history and pursuit of ideals all reveal the author's love for life, which is worthy of recognition. We are infected by reading.
In art, this essay is closely combined with scenery, lyricism and discussion, creating a unique artistic realm full of poetry and life philosophy. The objective physical environment of mountains and rivers and bright moon is integrated with the author's subjective mentality, full of contradictions and trying to solve them, which is completely suitable for the specific scene of night tour of Chibi. Traditionally, travel notes mainly describe the natural beauty of mountains and rivers, and mainly describe scenery and express feelings. Song people, especially Wang Anshi and Su Shi, integrate discussion into scenery writing to express their understanding of social life. This essay not only describes the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers, but also profoundly reveals the poet's complex and contradictory inner world, and also expresses his thoughts on the life of the universe. It is the most interesting travel prose in the Song Dynasty. ?