Looking back on the past, translation and annotation translation visited the Five Tombs a few years ago, with beautiful nocturnes and moonlight all over the building. The candle in front of the tree is as bright as day, and you forget the spring and autumn in the beauty group. At the banquet, the name of the romantic son is Wuji, and the handsome woman in the seat is Mochow. Now it's a dream in troubled times, and the sun sets in the west.
Note 1 Five Mausoleums: Mausoleums of Five Emperors in Han Dynasty. At that time, every time a mausoleum was built, the rich and consorts from all directions would move to live near it, so the mausoleum also referred to the place where Hao Gui lived. Midnight: Midnight. There are dozens of Yuefu folk songs in the Southern Dynasties, all of which praise the love between men and women, and the songs are very beautiful. Pun here. 3 silver candle: bright candle. 4 dew peach: "Song Le Shu Zhi": "Peach was born in the well. Du Mu's Lady's Peach Blossom Hall: "The peach blossoms in the slender waist palace are new, and the pulse is several springs. Here, dew peach is used to describe a beautiful woman and peach blossom. 5 Xiyuan Gongzi: refers to Cao Pi. Xiyuan: Located in the west of Linzhang County, Henan Province, it was built by Cao Cao. Mowgli: This is the name of Xin Lingjun, which refers to Cao Pi here. Wei Jian's "Talent Mobilization" Supplement III: "Zi Dang Cao Pi. Today's Mowgli, the Beggars' Sect is committed to playing with the public at that time, but he can directly call it Mowgli 'er instead of mistaking Cao Pi for Xin Lingjun. 6 Mochow: Female name. Music of the Old Tang Dynasty: Mochow's music comes from Shicheng Music. There is a woman named Mochow in Shicheng who is good at folk songs. There is a voice of Mochow in the music of Shicheng Zhongfu, so the song says, "Where is Mochow? "Don't worry about Shicheng West. The boat paddles two oars and rushes to drink sorrow. 』」
Looking back and appreciating the past, this poem was written for the poet's feelings about the rise and fall of Chang 'an. Although the title is "Remembering the Past", it actually hurts the present.
"I visited Wuling in previous years, and midnight songs were full of buildings and clear moons." The first poem begins with memories, and the poet recalls what he saw and heard when he traveled in Chang 'an. The so-called "Five Mausoleums" originally referred to the five mausoleums of emperors in the Han Dynasty. At that time, every time a mausoleum was built, rich people and consorts from all directions were moved to live near the mausoleum, so the "Five Mausoleums" also referred to the place where Hao Gui lived. The "Five Tombs" in the poem refers to the capital Chang 'an. Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip says: "Wuling heroes compete, and a song is red and steep. What impressed the poet most over the years is that it is already midnight, and those rich and powerful nobles are still chasing pleasure, eating and drinking, and indulging in debauchery. " Midnight ",here can refer to midnight, also can refer to the ancient Yuefu songs," Yuefu Poetry, Midnight Song on April 4th ":"Yuefu Problem Solving Day: the word for future generations to entertain themselves at four o'clock, which is called the four-hour midnight song. "It can be seen that his songs are all about relationships between men and women. The first pair of couplets depicts the high-rise buildings with the bright moon shining high, and the scene of singing and dancing is actually ironic.
"It looks like the sun in front of the silver candle tree, but I don't know autumn in the peach blossom." The second couplet of the poem continues to describe these wealthy families, who were addicted to wine and food in the Spring and Autumn Period. "For a long time" means that these princes and nobles indulge themselves day and night. "I don't know autumn in the peach blossom", and the poem "The ancient mulberry tree crows" contained in the Song Dynasty's Records of Le Shu; ""Peach grows on the well, and Li Shusheng is beside the peach. Wei Zhuang's poems take this opportunity to express that the rich aristocrats only know how to enjoy the spring breeze, but they don't know that there will be a cold autumn. It has been implied in the statement that they just want to have fun, regardless of the rise and fall of the country. Behind the beautiful Chinese characters, the poet's satire is gradually emerging.
"The name of the son of Xiyuan is unscrupulous, and the beauty of the South is Mochow." Thirdly, the poet skillfully borrowed historical figures and names to further satirize the unbridled and bohemian Wang Zhuzi. "The son of Xiyuan" originally referred to Wei Wendi Cao Pi. Cao Zhi's poem "Poem of Public Banquet": "Childe loves guests, and he never tires of dinner. Visit the West Park on a sunny night and fly with it. " "Selected Works" Shan Li's note: "The childe's name is Wendi. The West Garden was built by Cao Cao in the west of Linzhang County, Henan Province. Cao's son often holds banquets here to entertain the scribes. The so-called "unbridled" was originally the name of Xin, the son of Wei during the Warring States Period. Here, the poet uses the literal meaning, that is, he is unscrupulous and fearless, which means that future generations only care about pleasure and have reached the point of fearlessness. In addition, there are two Mochow in history, Luoyang Mochow and Shicheng Mochow, here referred to as Shicheng Mochow. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, Le Zhi (II) states: "The joy of Mochow comes from the joy of Shicheng. There is a woman named Mochow in Shicheng who is good at singing. An old song says, "Where is Mochow? Mochou Shicheng West. The boat paddled twice, urging Mochow to come. Quoting Mochow's name here not only means that he can sing and dance well, but also borrows the literal meaning of the word Mochow. Of course, on the surface, what the poem says is that those songs don't understand state affairs and what the country is going to do. In fact, they pointed their finger at the nobles who like singing and dancing. This couplet is well written, not only because the antithesis is extremely neat and the allusions are skillfully used, but also because in the neat form, the poet contains deep feelings, which can make people chew carefully and think deeply.
"Today's chaos is a dream, and the sunset only sees water flowing eastward." In the last couplet, the poet draws his thoughts of the past back to reality. Looking back on the past and caring about the present, I am filled with emotion. This scene here, yesterday's prosperity, today's chaos, is like a dream. In fact, the poet's sigh contains a condemnation of what he wrote earlier. Finally, the poet ended with a scene, and the sunset appeared in front of him, and the lost water flowed silently eastward. This bleak scene and sad artistic conception not only indicate the imminent demise of the Tang Dynasty empire, but also reflect the poet's sad feelings.
The thoughts and feelings expressed in this poem are obvious, but in art, this poem mainly has two characteristics:
The first is to control things by classics, which makes poetry euphemistic and profound. The first sentence "Five Mausoleums" is the place where the Tang Dynasty nobles lived together outside Chang 'an. The poem "Five Tombs" refers not only to Chang 'an, but also to the aristocratic society at that time. The second sentence "Midnight Song" is an ancient Yuefu song, and the lyrics mostly describe the feelings of men and women enjoying themselves at four seasons. The poet satirizes the luxury life of the rich and nobles who pursue pleasure and enjoy it all the year round. It is obvious that he is indulging in lust, but with the "full moon building" as the background, he hides irony in the dissolved moonlight, showing no emotion. In three words, "the silver candle tree is as long as the day". Take Xing Shao's poem "Silver Candle at the Banquet" as an example, it describes that the wine and food of the princes and nobles are collected day and night, which also means flogging, but the color is beautiful, and the meaning seems to be the opposite of beauty. Four sentences, "I don't know autumn in a peach blossom", are from Wang Changling's "Spring Palace Qu" and "Peach Blossom in a Well Last Night". They allude to the imperial court by using the poem of Long Biao, accusing it of being addicted to alcohol and color, so that it is impossible to distinguish spring and autumn. The same wording is slightly elegant and subtle. The third connector, "The son of the West Garden, is famous for his recklessness, and the beauty of the South China is named Mochow", especially good at doing things skillfully and tactfully. "Xiyuan Gongzi" refers to Cao Pi and his younger brother Cao Zhi, and "Wuji" is the name of Xin Lingjun, the son of Wei in the Warring States Period. Wei Zhuang skillfully combined the power of Cao Wei with the power of the Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period, resulting in the word "mowgli". However, we don't take "unbridled" as a proper noun, but only take its meaning of "fearless". The actual meaning of this poem is to accuse the prince and grandson of recklessness. The poet put this true meaning in the names of two historical figures. Because Cao Pi and Xin are both praiseworthy romantic figures in history, it is easy to ignore their irony if they are regarded as relishing the dissolute behavior of those princes and grandchildren. In the same way, in the second part, Mochow, in the name of a legendary beautiful singer, laments that a flashy woman doesn't understand state affairs and deeply feels the pain of "singing flowers across the river". Due to the clever use of allusions, the whole poem is full of flowers, moons and orchestral music, but its true meaning is hazy, like looking at flowers in the fog, vaguely ethereal and colorless. Emotional poetry is more profound and chewy by gentle and ironic style.
The second is to convey the meaning and interest by means of pun, symbol, suggestion and other rhetorical devices. "Midnight Song" is an ancient title of Yuefu, and it also has a slight meaning of "midnight knocking", which means pun. Before the Silver Candle Tree symbolizes the luxury of aristocratic life. "Peach blossom in the show" symbolizes the green snail with red sleeves; "I don't know autumn" is also a pun, suggesting that I don't know the end is coming. "Promise" and "Mochow" are puns. The word "dream" of "everything is a dream" is triple, lamenting the prosperity of the past and dreaming; There is also a pun on "Drunkenness leads a dream to death". Rhetorically, "the sunset only looks at the east to go to the water" symbolizes the decline of the national fortune in the late Tang Dynasty, and "going to the east to go to the water" symbolizes the general trend of the collapse of the Tang Dynasty, such as clear water going to the east, and waves are hard to come back; As can be seen from the color of the poem, the sunset is bleak and everything is bleak in the twilight. With this sentence, I feel infinite and paper and ink are born. With this conclusion, poetry is fuller and sadder. Without water, this hatred is contained in these seven words, which is the focus of the whole poem.
Wei Zhuang, a descendant of Wei, the prime minister of the early Tang Dynasty, is the grandson of Wei IV, a poet. When I arrived in Wei Zhuang, my family fortune had declined, my parents died early, and my family was poor. Although he is sensitive to machinery, his wealth came late. Wei Zhuang used to live near Chang 'an, but later moved to Zhou State. When the Huang Chao Uprising Army attacked Chang 'an, he was coming to Beijing to catch the exam. He felt the rise and fall of this ancient capital. He touched the present and hurt the past. He wrote this seven-melody "Remembering the Past" with the style of "affectionate, gentle and ironic".
Poetry: Recalling the Past Poetry Author: Wei Zhuang Tang Poetry Classification: Worry, Sigh, Satire.