1, the first period is called ancient and medieval. The so-called ancient times refer to the music of ancient Greece and Rome in the history of western music. It is an important source of western music, and the Middle Ages is also an important period for the formation of western culture. But it took a long time, nearly a thousand years.
2. The second period is called the Renaissance, mainly in 15 and16th century. Since the Renaissance, western music has developed faster and faster.
3. The third period is called Baroque period, that is, the period of Bach's life. Since this period, western society has gradually transitioned from feudal society to capitalist society, and the whole music has gradually transitioned from ancient times to modern times.
4. The fourth period is called the classicism period, represented by Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. This period is a peak in the whole history of western music.
5. The fifth period, called The Romantic Period, refers to the music of19th century, and the music of19th century also developed greatly. The whole western music has produced many composers and excellent works in this century. Chopin, Liszt, Mahler, Schumann and Mendelssohn are all romantic composers.
6. The sixth period is the modern music of the 20th century, which has continued to this day, because western music has also developed many new and varied genres in this period, which is very colorful.
Sorting out the knowledge points of western music history
The first choice is to find a school teacher to take classes.
Netease also has related open classes, but it is only a part to help you understand.
There are relevant reference books on postgraduate entrance examination help in various schools. You can buy all the reference books, and you can also sell the real questions of various schools online. The real questions over the years are more important, so you can clearly understand the direction of the questions, but it is also possible to change the questions next year. I changed the question when I took the exam in Capital Normal University this year, but I don't have to worry about it in this case. If you usually answer the exams in school by yourself, the problem will not be great.
Bi Li and WeChat also have information about music history. In fact, music history is still relatively easy to learn, mainly backrest.
Four periods in the history of western music
The history of western music is divided into seven stages:
1, ancient Greek and Roman music period
2. Medieval music period
4. Baroque period
5. Classical period
6. Romantic period
7.20th century music
Western music history mind map pdf
Morphological characteristics of ancient Greek music
Melody and rhythm: The music of ancient Greece is a music art mainly composed of poetry, music and dance. Among them, the status of poetry is much higher than that of music, so the melody and rhythm are influenced by the cadence and rhythm of lyrics.
The so-called texture can be divided into three categories, namely monophonic texture, polyphonic texture and tonic texture. The music art of ancient Greece and Rome is in a very primary stage, so it is still a monophonic texture.
Modal system: At this time, the modes are named after a tribal name, arranged as octaves or double octaves from top to bottom, based on the four-tone series. In the view of ancient Greek music theorists, each mode has different ethical characteristics. For example, Aristotle thinks Dorian mode is firm and full of masculinity, Phrygia mode can stimulate enthusiasm, and Lydia mode has sentimental meaning. .
The main schools of music in ancient Greece:
Heroic epics in Homer's time, religious worship music, Greek tragedies and comedies, solo lyrics, chorus and dance music in competitive competitions, and instrumental solos.
The most famous tragic writers and their representative works in Greek classical period.
Aeschylus, the three greatest tragic writers in Greece, is said to have written more than 80 plays, including Prometheus Bound, Persians and Agamemnon. Sophocles wrote 123 plays in his life, including Ajax, antigone and Oedipus the King. It is said that euripides wrote more than 90 tragedies, including Medea and Hippolyto.
There are 19 plays, such as Four and trojan women. His plays have a far-reaching influence on Roman and later European dramas.
Ancient Greek tragedy: Greek tragedy originated from religious worship ceremony, including drama, poetry, music and stage performances. The music part is divided into chorus and solo, accompanied by musical instruments. The hero of a tragedy is usually a heroic figure, with a dignified and tragic overall style and lofty spiritual temperament.
Representative figures in various periods of western music history
Period: ancient music, medieval music, Renaissance, Baroque period, classicism period, The Romantic Period and 20th century music.
1, ancient music
The history of western art music began with Christian music. At the beginning of the 4th century, with the decline of the Roman Empire, Christianity rose as a new force within the Empire. In 3 13, the Roman emperor Constantine issued the Milan decree, giving Christians freedom of belief, and he himself was baptized before his death. Christianity took advantage of this situation to build churches and preach widely. Music, as a tool to spread faith, is attached to religious ceremonies and develops rapidly.
No representative.
2. Medieval music
The secular music in the Middle Ages was mainly songs with dialect lyrics. The lyrics of secular songs use rhyming poems, with distinct rhythm and ballads.
No representative.
3. Revival
The Renaissance was about 1450- 1600. On the basis of "new art" in the Middle Ages, it pursues the liberation of human nature and the expression of people's inner feelings. At this time, under the impetus of humanism, musicians developed and reformed polyphonic music, and vocal music and instrumental music gradually separated and developed independently.
Representative figures include Du Fay, Joskin, Bian Shuya, Okegam, etc.
4. Baroque style
Baroque originally meant "weird". 17 and 18 centuries refer to gorgeous architectural styles, and later to artistic style periods. The musical characteristics of Baroque period are: the birth of opera and the development of instrumental music, the polyphonic style gradually changed to the main melody style, the church mode was gradually replaced by the big and small tones, and the use of digital bass caused the new concept of "harmony acoustics". A large number of new music schools have emerged, and the music language has been constantly updated.
Representative figures: Frescobaldi, Baxter Hood, Cooper and others.
5. classicism
Classical music refers to the mainstream music in Europe during the period of 1730- 1820, also known as Vienna classical music school. Classical music inherits the development of baroque music and is a musical style or an era in the history of European music.
Representative figures: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven.
6.romanticism
Romantic factors in music have occupied an important position since19th century, and this year100th has been called "The Romantic Period" in music history. After the baptism of the French Revolution, people's value has been fully affirmed. Although self-expression in music is particularly popular, public concerts have become an important form. In order to please the audience, musicians pursue superb skills, magnificent sound effects and colorful styles.
Representative figures: Schumann's and Brahms' interludes, Schubert, Schumann, Balakirev, etc.
7.20th century music
/kloc-at the turn of the 0/9th century, post-romantic musicians pushed the romantic ideal and language to the extreme, inspiring the rebellion of the younger generation of composers.
Representative figures: gustav mahler, Richard Strauss, etc.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Western Music