The courtyard is as clear as water: describe the clarity of water.
Algae crossing in water: crisscross.
Cross blowing: blowing with the wind
Shadows on stones: reflection, distribution
Don't move (no ~): the expression is dull.
Back and forth: light and smart appearance
Dog teeth are different from each other: (dog teeth, nouns as adverbials) are as uneven as dog teeth. Poor: staggered
Quiet: very quiet and deep. Sadly, silence makes people feel sad. Deep, deep)
Feel relaxed and happy: broad: open; Yi: Happy.
edible wild herbs
Non-silk and non-bamboo: silk: stringed instrument. Bamboo: wind instrument. (silk and bamboo, referring to music in general. )
Shadows in the Woods: Covering
The sun and stars are hidden: obsidian, brilliant.
2. Scenery lyric prose and object-chanting poetry are two important categories of lyric prose. Write scenery, true, vivid and full of emotion; Ode to things, nuanced, both in form and spirit, with meaning. Beautiful scenery description can not only broaden people's horizons, increase knowledge and enlighten their thinking, but also make people pleasing to the eye, gain aesthetic pleasure, be influenced by beauty, and love nature and life more.
Excellent prose works are good at grasping the characteristics of scenery, vividly describing the style of scenery, and making its personality prominent and concrete. In Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, the lotus pond is moonlight, and moonlight is moonlight on the lotus pond, which has a distinct personality and is absolutely different from similar works. Grasping characteristics and writing landscapes are the needs of expression and expression. The faint hue of the moonlight in the lotus pond coincides with the author's pursuit of tranquility, which constitutes the basis for forgetting things and blending scenes. The principle of describing scenery and praising things is the unity of tone and taste, and the combination of natural rhythm and spiritual rhythm.
Excellent prose works are good at describing the static beauty and dynamic beauty of scenery. It takes a lot of skill to describe the dynamics. Everything in the universe is moving, and movement is the life of everything. Write a good dynamic, still life has life and soul. Moonlight on the Lotus Pond endows the lotus leaf with human life with clever metaphors such as "skirt" and "bathing beauty". After describing the quiet beauty of the lotus leaf, it also describes the floating of lotus fragrance and the ups and downs of the lotus leaf. Moonlight Moonlight also presents fascinating dynamic beauty, and the words "diarrhea, floating, falling and painting" are vivid and ingenious. Using "famous songs" to describe moonlight perfectly shows the harmonious rhythm of light and shadow.
Lyrical reasoning
"Wen Xin Diao Long" said: "People have seven emotions and should move according to things", "If you look three times, your heart will shake". This means that when familiar things or deja vu images appear in front of people, they will recall the images and memories, their emotional experiences will wake up together and be induced by foreign objects, and then people will "shake their hearts". This phenomenon boils down to one sentence: image inspires a sense of * * *. Prose has two lyric means. On the basis of image description, direct expression of one's mind is called direct lyric, and between the lines of image description is called indirect lyric. Prose is lyrical literature, and the phrase "all landscape words are sentimental words" applies to prose. Lyric language means usually have the following kinds:
(1) Adjust the image color of the scene language.
The image has a hue. Bright warm colors cause * * *, and dark cool colors cause no * * *. The image color of language can imply the author's emotion and induce the reader's emotion. For example, in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, the scenery is described as follows: "The bush on the high place is mottled with shadows", "staggered" is written in irregular shapes, "mottled" is written in different shades, and "shadow" has a heavy feeling. The image colors of the three words are dark and cold. Therefore, just looking at "shadow" is just like "ghost". However, due to the combination with the "beautiful image of a willow" and the soft, milky moonlight, it forms a sparse, clear and harmonious picture, just like a "famous song played on the Brahma". This famous song should be "Moonlight Waltz" in triple time, and "Shadow" is like a remake of moonlight. Therefore, the artistic image of Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, which is composed of contrasting colors, makes the author "enjoy", gives him temporary peace and freedom, and reveals the author's faint joy.
(2) Instruct and infect situational language with emotional language.
Emotional language refers to words with a sense of * * such as commendatory words and derogatory words, as well as words that directly express emotions such as emotions. These words can "touch" and infect the scene language, so that the neutral image is infected with a strong sense of color. In Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, "Moonlight is like water" becomes a happy scene under the guidance of the emotion "I love this boundless moonlight with lotus fragrance". Both of them are "moonlight like water". In the forgotten memory, they are infected by "grief and indignation" and become a sad scene. In addition, "empathy" is the most important language means of scene blending. For example, the personification method transfers words expressing human feelings and personality to the scenery, such as "running water" and "lotus flowers are ashamed to bloom", which can be combined with the scenery language to form situational words and express rich poetry.
Briefly introduce the reasoning in prose.
The argument in the reasoning article is rational. Reasoning articles use general clear language to describe cases, use abstract argumentation of syllogism to analyze cases, and use precise and clear language to express arguments. Narrative examples in prose reasoning are life-oriented, scene-oriented, visual and emotional, just like painting dragons. The fact "argument" used in prose reasoning appears as an artistic image, like a living dragon with flesh and blood. The "arguments" of prose are also packaged in the language of artistic images. In order to prevent conceptualization, prose rejects abstract arguments. The discussion in prose coincides with induction and analogy, but it is a kind of "image reasoning".
On the common expressive techniques in prose.
3. What are the writing techniques of landscape writing (classical Chinese)?
Lyric by borrowing scenery (scene blending)
Contrast (rainy day and rainy day, spring and Jingming)
Confession (Zhang Xianzhi) (last paragraph)
Pave the way (build momentum) (I don't know if this counts, the scenery written in front is for the lyrical build momentum behind)
Personification (taking distant mountains to swallow the Yangtze River)
Metaphor (floating gold, still shadows sink to the wall)
Drunk pavilion:
Lyric by borrowing scenery (scene blending)
Metaphor (those who have pavilions and wings but face spring ...)
Sketch (there are many articles behind, and descriptions without metaphor and little modification are sketches)
Confession (Zhang Xianzhi) (last paragraph)
Contrast (man and bird, others and satrap)
4. What are the classical Chinese texts about scenery? Notes on Shuijing River Mengmen Mountain: The river is wide and deep, the cliff retreats, and the boulder is in danger.
Yang Zhi's Ji Yongning Temple in Galand, Luoyang: The golden plate shines brightly in Yun Biao, and the treasure is full of wind, which resounds through the sky; It's a miracle to sing and admire. Bai Juyi's Lushan Caotang: One night is peaceful, and two nights are pleasant. It suddenly dropped after three nights, but I don't know why.
/There is a waterfall in the east of the church, the water is hanging three feet, the steps are falling, and the stone canal is falling. The faint morning light is like practicing color, and the night is like playing the piano. Liu Zongyuan's Eight Stories of Yongzhou: The First Story of Xishan Banquet, Cobalt Pond, Cobalt Pond West Hill, Little Stone Pond, Shiqu, Shijian, Little Rock Mountain, Yuan Jiake, Liu Zongyuan's First Story of Xishan Banquet: Its competitive potential suddenly changed. It is dazzling blue and looks like the sky outside.
Then I knew it was a unique mountain, unlike Pei * (tulou). Liu Zongyuan's Notes on the West Mountain of Cobalt Tan: There are almost countless people who are amazed by the sudden anger of their stones.
People who are tired of each other are like cows and horses drinking streams; Those who rush to the top of the column are like bears climbing on the mountain. /If you lie on a pillow, it will be very cold. Use your eyes, your ears, your head and your head.
Liu Zongyuan's Little Stone Pond: There are hundreds of fish in the pond, all swimming in the air. The sun is shining, the shadow is on the stone, motionless; When you are far away, communication is sudden, like enjoying tourists.
Wang Anshi's "You Bao Chan": If the husband is close, there will be more tourists; The risk is far away and very little is reached; But the extraordinary view is often that the risks are far away and the people are scarce; Therefore, people without will can't come. Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden, Wang Tengting Pavilion Preface, Fan Zhongyan's Yueyang Tower, Ouyang Xiu's Drunken Pavilion, Li's Famous Garden in Luoyang, and Chao's Travel Notes in Beishan, New Town: Inviting me in September, beautiful scenery and stars make me feel at home.
Su Shi's Pre-Red Cliff Fu and Post-Red Cliff Fu, and Li Xiaoguang's Ten Notes on Wild Mountains: The moon is over and white clouds are like water. The wind blew the oak chestnut onto the tiles, turned to the hut under the rock, came out of the collar, hit the leaves on the ground, and turned around, almost without the sound of stones.
Liu Ji's Biography of Qingfeng Pavilion, Zhu Xi's Biography, Yuan Hongdao's Travel Notes of Man Jing, Donglin, Hengshan, Taihuashan, Lanxi and Wulongtan's Travel Notes are all similar. Personally, I think it is better to write landscapes in ancient Chinese than to take notes with water mirrors. Su Shi once said: "Today's pleasure is to read more water classics."
5. 10 What are the ancient poems about scenery and lyricism? 1. Year of "Jiangnan Spring": Tang Author: Du Mu, thousands of miles away, singing green and red, mountain fruit and wine flag style.
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain. Appreciation: The whole poem outlines the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and depicts the beautiful and foggy spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River with a highly generalized brushwork.
Bright colors and meaningful feelings. A seven-character quatrain can show such a vast picture, which is really "the size of Wan Li".
2. "Qingsha Spring Day" Year: Yuan Author: Baipu Spring Mountain warm wind blowing gently, the pavilion curtain in the willow swing courtyard. Singing warblers and dancing, the bridge is red with flowing water.
Appreciation: This song "Spring in the Patio Sand" uses painting techniques to describe the spring scenery from different spatial levels. Specifically, the spring day and spring mountain in the first sentence constitute the background of the whole picture, which is a long-range view, the foothold of the second sentence is a close-range view, and the noisy scene in the courtyard in the third sentence shows a picture full of vitality and spring, which is a middle view. The two adjectives that best reflect the characteristics of spring are warm warblers, while the scenery that best reflects the vitality of the courtyard is dancing swallows and flying red.
3. ""Time: Tang Author: Liu Zongyuan hundred mountains without birds, thousands of miles without footprints. A boat on the river, a fisherman wearing his webworm moth; Fishing alone is not afraid of snow and ice.
Appreciation: This song "Jiang Xue" is like this. The poet only used 20 words to describe a quiet and cold picture: on the snowy river, a boat and an old fisherman were fishing alone on the icy river. What the poet shows his readers is this: the world is so pure and silent, spotless and silent; The fisherman's life is so noble, and his character is so aloof.
In fact, this is a fantasy realm created by Liu Zongyuan because he hated the declining society of the Tang Dynasty at that time. 4. "Prime Minister Zhang in Dongting Lake" Time: Tang Author: Meng Haoran The lake here in August is integrated with the air in the sky.
Ozawa's water vapor transpiration on the cloud soil is white, and the waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang. I'm going to cross the water to find a boat and paddle. It's a shame to return home in the sacred age.
Sitting around watching other people's hard river fishing can only envy the fish caught in the fish. Appreciation: The poet skillfully used the old saying "It is better to retreat and build a network" ("Huai Nan Zi said Xun Lin") and made another renovation; And "fishing" also happens to take care of the "lake", so there are few traces.
The poet borrows this old saying to imply that he wants to do something, but he is afraid that no one will introduce him, so he says "only there" here. I hope that the mood of the other party's help will naturally show between the lines.
As a dry poem, the most important thing is to write it properly and praise the other party for being measured and not losing his identity. The wording should be neither supercilious nor condescending, which is the first-class writing.
This poem is tactful, unconventional and has its own artistic characteristics. 5. "Sauvignon Blanc Bianshui" Time: Tang Author: Bai Juyi Bianshui, Surabaya, flows to Guazhou lonely head, Wu Shan is a little sad.
Think of dragons, hate dragons, hate to rest when returning, and the moon people lean on the building. Appreciation: This poem is a famous sentence to express "in my heart forever", and its conception is quite novel and ingenious.
It is about a boudoir, leaning against the building on a moonlit night, missing her long-lost husband, and full of infinite affection. Words make the finishing point, and finally point out the identity of the protagonist, highlighting the theme of the work, thus leaving a strong suspense for readers.
6. "Hating the Spring Palace" Year: Tang Author: Knowing my misfortune, Du Xunhe, I sighed in front of the mirror. Ok, ok, not on the pretty face; Finally, in order to please who, ask me to decorate.
The bird's song is broken, it is for the warm spring breeze; When the sun is at noon, the flower shadows will appear thick. I really miss my female companion in Yuexi Hu Sha every year; Song laughed and picked hibiscus casually.
Appreciation: This poem is an endorsement poem that represents the grievances of ladies-in-waiting. In fact, it also contains the meaning of sighing and not being appreciated. The first couplet wrote that he entered the palace because of his beauty, and he was lonely and unwilling to dress up. It's not his looks that make him look good, so there's no need to dress up.
The necklace depicts the scenery, the swaying spring breeze, the sunny weather, the singing of birds and the fragrance of flowers, so as to set off the feeling of disability and loneliness. At the end of the couplet, I wrote the bitterness of the past and revealed its grievances.
"Beautiful weather, birds and flowers" is a famous sentence that has always been praised by people. There has been controversy about the author of this poem.
Ouyang Xiu and Wu Yu thought that it was Zhou Fu, but Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua" was written by Du Xunhe. As the saying goes, "As the saying goes, there are 300 poems by Du Fu, but in a couplet,' birds sing and the wind is warm, and flowers are high'." Right and wrong need expert research.
7. "Qing Ping Le Bielai Spring Half" Time: Tang Author: Li Yu Bielai Spring Half, shocking the world and heartbroken. The order of autumn may be like snow in the snow, brush it off and then flow down full.
Hongyan has flown back, the journey is far away, and the dream is hard to come true. The sadness of parting is like weeds in spring, which go further and further.
Appreciation: I wrote this word to leave sadness, not hatred. In the fourth year of Gande (966), Li Congshan entered the Song Dynasty and could not return.
He remembered his brother deeply, so he wrote this word. Words do not stick to this feeling, but touch with imaginary pens, depicting an extended emotional realm and atmosphere.
The beginning of the word points out the reason and season. Spring is thick and beautiful. Why do you say "heartbroken"? It turned out that the shadow of "don't come" enveloped everything, but the striking scene was still "bricks and stones fell like snow, and they were full after being brushed all over."
"Put Down" and "Guiman" wrote many fallen flowers. Standing for a long time shows the poet's infinite sad feelings and images. The film closely follows the word "Don't come". "There is no evidence for the news of geese coming" is not only a scene change, but also a kind of affection, which means that geese can pass books, but whether they come or not, they will not return to China, which will only increase their sorrow.
"It's a long way to Xiu Yuan, but it's hard to make a dream come true" has become another layer, which has a strange meaning and euphemism for those who miss it. At the end of the two sentences, it is vivid and natural to say goodbye to sorrow with the metaphor of spring grass that is far away and ubiquitous; There are twists and turns in grammar, three sighs in semantics, ups and downs, and emotions arise.
8. "The leaves of banyan trees occasionally fall in February in Liuzhou" Time: Tang Author: Liu Zongyuan feels melancholy, and spring is half like autumn. The mountain city is full of rain flowers and banyan leaves are full of warblers.
Appreciation: As far as the poet is concerned, I am in love and I am in the realm of things. The triggering of poetic thoughts and the formation of poetry are often the result of mutual induction between me and things, feelings and situations.
Liu Zongyuan's "My Topic" is just a work of blending things with my feelings. If you imagine the poet's creative state, he is an exiled guest, far away in a foreign land, with an independent courtyard and a bunch of feelings. At this time, as "Wen Xin Diao Long Xun pian" said, his heart was shaken by "seeking things" and his words were made by "animals with feelings".
His poetic pen "follows things" and "swims with the heart". The world in the eyes is in harmony with the sad and confused feelings in the heart.
9. "Youth Journey, Twelve Lonely Springs" Time: Song Author:
6. How to write a scene in classical Chinese 1, with prominent points and appropriate details?
A good landscape writing composition often does not depend on how many landscapes you list in the article, nor does it depend on whether each landscape you choose can arouse readers' interest. However, no matter how many scenes you write, one must be the focus of the article. It can be described in descriptive language, and the characteristics of the scenery can also be outlined by line drawing, which leaves a deep impression on people.
There are three mistakes in writing landscape composition. First, write a "running account", just like some travel notes, which seem to write a lot of scenic spots, but each scenic spot is left aside, and one of them is not well selected for specific description; Second, although the scenery written has a background introduction or detailed description, it looks a bit like a dragonfly, and it will go around after touching it; Third, the details of the article are unreasonable. The introduction of the cause at the beginning is too long, but the middle part of the article is not well developed. 300 words have been written in the 600-word article, and the key points have not been written yet.
2. Highlight the specific features or characteristics of the landscape.
Here refers to the characteristics of the scenery, but also refers to the difference between writing this thing and other things. Only in this way can we leave a deep impression on readers, but there is still a premise here, that is, after grasping the characteristics of the scenery, we should make a specific description and not treat it lightly. In the process of description, we should make full use of rhetorical devices such as metaphor and personification. Accurately and accurately using rhetorical devices is helpful to write the scenery more vividly, truly and touching.
3. Scenes blend and the scenery is lyrical
A single description of scenery, no matter how beautiful the scenery is, can infect readers and leave them with beautiful psychological enjoyment. Therefore, while writing the scenery, the author should integrate his real feelings, so that readers can not only "see" the beautiful scenery in the article, but also feel the feelings and thoughts that the author wants to express. A single composition of scenery writing for the sake of scenery writing can't be a good article that makes readers feel emotional, which requires us to integrate our emotions naturally when writing articles and scenery writing, and express our emotions with the help of the description of scenery.
4. Activities of adults or animals should be written in the scene description.
If the scenery in a landscape composition is "static", then an excellent landscape composition can not be separated from "dynamic". The "movement" here includes the activities, play, frolicking and running of characters corresponding to the scenery, and the foraging and jumping of animals. When a landscape composition combines the activities of people and animals with the description of the scenery, it will give people a sense of intimacy. Therefore, when students describe the scenery, they can appropriately choose the activities of people and animals as a foil, and the article will become more readable.
7. Extract two ancient poems I read after class, describe the scenery and express my feelings, and talk about their characteristics, that is, beans are planted at the foot of Nanshan, the grass is full of beans and seedlings are sparse, and the morning flourishes and wastes, and Dai Yue hoes return to the four seasons, and the fields are mixed during the day, and the children in the village are in charge.
Although the children don't plow and weave, they also learn a kind of melon in the shade of mulberry trees. The ancient tomb plows the fields, and the pine and cypress destroy the wages.
The tiller forgets to plow, and the hoe forgets to hoe. Thousands of hectares of green land are as flat as palms, and spring rains move and spring ploughs.
At the end of the year, hoe the plow and close the empty room, shouting to climb the mountain and collect acorns. Niu Geng's 1,000-acre disease has brought the fruits of labor to thousands of granaries, but its own spirit is very tired and exhausted, but who will pity its hard work? The ancient tomb plows the fields, and the pine and cypress destroy the wages.
The tiller forgets to plow, and the hoe forgets to hoe. Even if a strong woman plows the field with a hoe, nothing will grow on the crops in the field.
Diamonds are hard to pick, waste plows and hoes, blood is flowing, and ghosts are doing it. Only when the awn seeds have passed the snow can the grass outside the Yili River begin to fertilize.
I don't feel lazy about this, and I think the hoe is too short and wasteful. I also read the official report. I'm anxious. I'd rather know that Lotus is working hard.
Cutting grass is a waste, and I can't bear to leave my hometown. Five acres of vegetable fields, Qiu Lai Rihe hoe.
I took the trouble to run in the rain, and the small hoe carried medicine and mud. Father plows the original field, and son hoes the mountain.
The grain is not obvious in June, and the housekeeper has repaired the warehouse. The thatched roof of the hut is low and small, and the stream is covered with green grass.
When you are drunk, your voice is charming and your hair is white. The eldest son is hoeing bean creek in the east, and the second son is knitting a chicken coop. He likes children scoundrels best, lying at the head of the stream peeling lotus flowers.
The old farmer lives in the mountains and cultivates three or four acres of mountain fields. Miao and Shu taxes can't be eaten, and the official warehouse is turned into soil.
At the end of the year, hoe the plow and close the empty room, shouting to climb the mountain and collect acorns. The Xijiang River is full of pearls and pearls, and the dogs in the boat grow meat.
Southeast corner of sunrise, shine on me, Qin Lou. Qin has a good daughter who calls herself Luo Fu.
Luo Fu likes raising silkworms and picking mulberry in the south corner of the city. Moss is a cage system and cassia twig is a cage hook.
There is a bun on the head and a bright moon in the ear. Qi is the lower skirt and Qi is the upper skirt.
When Monkey saw Luo Fu, he put it on his shoulder and smoothed his moustache. When the teenager saw Luo Fu, he took off his hat and hung his head.
The tiller forgets to plow, and the hoe forgets to hoe. Angry and resentful, he sat watching Luo Fu.
You come from the south, and five horses stand upright. Your majesty sent officials to ask whose family it was.
Qin has a good daughter who calls herself Luo Fu. Luo Fu geometry a year, twenty is not enough, fifteen is quite enough.
Let you thank Luo Fu, not * * *. Luo Fu's prepositions make you stupid.
The monarch has his wife, and Luo Fu has his husband. Thousands of people ride the east, and the husband is at the top.
What's the use of knowing your husband? A white horse is a descendant of a pony. Hair tied in ponytail, horsehead covered with gold.
Deer sword, a deer in the waist, can be worth more than 10 million. A petty official in the fifteenth mansion and a doctor in the twentieth dynasty.
Thirty people serve the middle class and forty people serve the city exclusively. People have white skin and many needs.
Ministry of Industry and Service of Ying Ying, Ran Ran and Zhong Chao. There are thousands of people sitting in the room, all of whom say that their husbands are extraordinary.
Call Pinggua to pick me up. Lu, Grain Rain did it himself. Yesterday, the spring breeze didn't bully me, so I blew my bed and read a book.
Vehicles roared, soldiers sang, and soldiers and arrows were tied to their waists. My parents, my parents, my wife and children all ran to see them. When they marched, the dust covered the sky and they couldn't see xian yangqiao.
Holding their clothes, they stopped crying, and their sad voices went up to the clouds. When a passer-by asks a passer-by, you can only tell him that you are leaving.
Some people go to the north of the Yellow River at the age of fifteen, even if they go to the western border to open up wasteland at the age of forty. Long in the middle, the hair is tied up with a headscarf, and when I come back, I am bald and guarding the border.
On the border, people's blood flows like the sea, while the heart of Emperor Wu is still beating for the war. Haven't you heard that there are hundreds of villages covered with vegetation in 200 states east of Huashan Mountain?
Even if a strong woman plows the field with a hoe, nothing will grow on the crops in the field. Moreover, the soldiers of the Qin Dynasty can fight hard, and there is no difference between chickens and dogs when they are rushed to fight.
No matter what demands are made on them, do they dare to complain? . Just like this winter, we didn't stop the soldiers west of Hangukou from enlisting.
Faced with tax challenges, how do they pay? . If you really know that boys are a bad thing, you might as well have a girl.
To have a daughter is to marry a neighbor, and we bury our son underground. Didn't you see Qinghai Head, where all the old bones were abandoned?
The new ghost wails there, and the old one is loudest in the stormy dark sky. At noon in summer, the sun is very hot, farmers are still working, and beads are dripping into the soil.
Who knows that every grain of Chinese food is hard? Sunset shines on the market, and cattle and sheep go home along the path.
A rugged old man in a thatched door leaned against a cane and thought about his son, the shepherd boy. There are whistling pheasants? Full ears of wheat, sleeping silkworms and peeled mulberry leaves.
Jojo and Fu Tian greet each other cordially. No wonder I long for a simple life and sigh the old song, oh, back to the past! .
Diamonds are hard to pick, waste plows and hoes, blood is flowing, and ghosts are doing it. I can't afford to grow water in the fields, and the lake has recently collected rent! Ji Chun wrote on the 5th, and his songs were adapted according to his needs.
Yu Ming Canal with running water in front of the steps. Love my house.
Just living in seclusion. There are green hills on the house, and birds like each other.
What do you want when you are old? Idle work is not completely sparse. Fishing under the moon.
Mow grass in the rain. The wind at the bottom of the flower blows away the residual books.
Who told Jiuyuan to rub around, relying on painting and traveling? How's it going? Are you satisfied? Choose me if you are satisfied.