These four poems are the first couplet, the parallel couplet, the neck couplet and the tail couplet. Among them, the first connection is also called the initial connection, and the tail connection is also called the knot connection, in which "neck connection" and "parallel connection" should be duplex.
The first sentence of each couplet is called antithesis, and the next sentence is called antithesis. Metric poems are twice as big as quatrains, so you can write more things or scenes and express more detailed emotions. "scattered in the whole, often changed, neat and tidy, and rich in content"; "The five laws are short, straightforward and powerful, and the seven laws are smooth, melodious and elegant. Rhyme is not only flat and rhyming, but also antithetical and difficult to write. "
The five laws and seven laws are composed of eight sentences, forming a quadruple, which is connected with the head, neck, abdomen and tail in turn. The upper and lower sentences of the two couplets in the middle should be antithetical sentences. It is required that the antithesis should be even, have relative parts of speech and meaning, and have relative grammar and sentence patterns. There are two taboos in antithesis: one is "fighting", that is, the upper and lower sentences in a couplet are opposite by synonyms, so that the meanings of the two sentences are basically the same. Second, the two couplets are the same. The sentence patterns of the two couplets should be changed to avoid repetition. Against nature, neat and smooth. There are two kinds of metrical poems, seven-character metrical poems and five-character metrical poems. Usually, a seven-character poem or a five-character poem refers to eight sentences per poem, while other seven-character poems and five-character poems refer to long poems with more than eight sentences. As the name implies, metrical poems, like quatrains, are metrical poems. One of its characteristics is that all sentences except the beginning and the end should be paired, and no rhyme mistakes are allowed. Even if it is a few hundred sentences, we must follow this law.
Three characteristics of rhythmic poetry
The characteristics of metrical poems are: a fixed number of sentences, rigorous rhyming, attaching importance to even words and demanding antithesis.
Metric poems are generally eight sentences each, and more than eight sentences are called parallel sentences or long sentences. An eight-sentence metrical poem, every two sentences are linked together, is called quadruple. Traditionally, the first couplet is the first couplet, the second couplet is the parallel couplet, the third couplet is the neck couplet, and the fourth couplet is the tail couplet. The upper sentence of each couplet is called a sentence, the lower sentence is called a sentence, and the two sentences form a sentence relationship; The relationship between prepositional antithesis sentence and prepositional sentence is called adjacent sentence relationship.
The number of words in a metrical poem is uniform, and each sentence is five or seven words, which are called five-word metrical poem and seven-word metrical poem respectively. The five laws stipulate that every sentence has five words, and the first word is forty words; The seven laws stipulate that each sentence has seven words and the whole sentence has fifty-six words. There are also six-character sentences, all of which begin with 48 characters. They are called six-character poems, and there are few handed down works.
Rhyme is very strict
The rhyme feet are usually flat and must be rhymed according to the words in the rhyme book. In principle, only the original rhyme can be used, not the adjacent rhyme; Even if it is a little looser, the adjacent rhyme can only use the first sentence of rhyme, which is called "borrowing rhyme"
Rhyme also requires the whole poem to rhyme, that is, the ending rhymes, and the middle rhyme is not allowed. The second, fourth, sixth and eighth sentences rhyme, and the first sentence can be taken or not. The five laws take the first sentence as a positive example and rhyme as an example; The seven laws take the rhyme of the first sentence as a positive example, and the non-rhyme as a variant.
First connection, parallel connection, neck connection and tail connection
Every two sentences of metrical poems are a couplet, and * * * is a couplet and a quadruple:
The first couplet is called "the first couplet";
The second couplet is called "parallel couplet";
The third joint is called "neck joint";
The fourth one is called "tail connection".
take for example
Farewell to the viceroy to serve in Shu:
Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river. -the first couplet
We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions. -Transfer.
After all, the world is just a small place. -Neck chain
Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? The child is holding a towel. -Tail joint
Translation:
Wei Chang 'an, the land of Sanqin; Far away in Sichuan, but far away. You and I have similar fates, running around in official career, far from home. As long as you have intimate friends, you don't feel far away within the four seas. Even at the ends of the earth, I feel like a close neighbor. Breaking up at a fork in the road really doesn't need to be immersed in love and shed tears.
The first sentence of each couplet is called antithesis, and the next sentence is called antithesis. Metric poems are twice as big as quatrains, so you can write more things or scenes and express more detailed emotions. "scattered in the whole, often changed, neat and tidy, and rich in content"; "The five laws are short, straightforward and powerful, and the seven laws are smooth, melodious and elegant. Rhyme is not only flat and rhyming, but also antithetical and difficult to write. "
The difference between metrical poems and quatrains is mainly in the number of words, four quatrains and eight quatrains. Quatrains, also called "sentence-cutting", usually rhyme one, two or four sentences.
What are the four parts of the quatrains called?
The quatrains are called first couplet, neck couplet, parallel couplet and tail couplet respectively, and the two couplets in the middle require antithesis.
Each song has four capital sentences, two rhymes or three rhymes. This form of poetry is called quatrains. Five words are abbreviated into five sections and seven words are abbreviated into seven sections. The word quatrains appeared in the Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties. There are four five-character and four-sentence poems in the New Yutai Fu edited by Xu Ling in the Southern Dynasties, which are called "archaic quatrains". There is also a poem named Jueju in Yu Xin's collection of poems in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. But this quatrain only refers to a poem with five words, four sentences and two rhymes, and there is no requirement for balance and harmony.
The history of quatrains:
When the genre of quatrains originated, there is no unified view in academic circles. One view is that quatrains appear later than metrical poems, and quatrains are only half of metrical poems, with eight quatrains and four quatrains.
Another view is that quatrains appeared earlier than regular poems, and Yuefu poems in Han Dynasty were the predecessor of quatrains. There is also a third minority view. The emergence of quatrains is due to the joint writing of poets, which was produced in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Fans of every point of view are well-founded and can justify themselves.
Characteristics of prosodic poetry
1, fixed number of sentences
Metric poems are generally eight sentences each, and more than eight sentences are called parallel sentences or long sentences. An eight-sentence metrical poem, every two sentences are linked together, is called quadruple. Traditionally, the first couplet is the first couplet, the second couplet is the parallel couplet, the third couplet is the neck couplet, and the fourth couplet is the tail couplet. The upper sentence of each couplet is called a sentence, the lower sentence is called a sentence, and the two sentences form a sentence relationship; The relationship between prepositional antithesis sentence and prepositional sentence is called adjacent sentence relationship.
2. Rhyme is very strict
The rhyme feet are usually flat and must be rhymed according to the words in the rhyme book. In principle, only the original rhyme can be used, not the adjacent rhyme; Even if it is a little looser, the adjacent rhyme can only use the first rhyme, which is called "borrowing rhyme" and also requires a rhyme in the whole poem, that is, a rhyme to the end, and no rhyme change is allowed in the middle. The second, fourth, sixth and eighth sentences rhyme, and the first sentence can be taken or not.
3. Pay attention to leveling.
The sentence pattern and the level of each sentence in metrical poetry have rules to follow: pay attention to adhesion and correctness. Allow the rhyme in a broad sense to lose its adhesion, and not in a narrow sense. "Sticking" is a violation of the rule that the second word of the linking sentence is the same as the second word of the linking sentence. Although there are four tones in Chinese, there is no need to distinguish them like words and songs in metrical poems, as long as they are roughly divided into two tones.
Step 4 ask for confrontation
On the contrary, the grammar should be the same. For example, the first sentence of the first couplet of One Night Abroad has no predicate, and the second sentence is relatively meaningless. The sentence pattern of the upper sentence of the couplet is "subject-predicate-object", and so is the next sentence. The neck couplet uses the same sentence pattern; You can't use the same words against each other. The antithesis of "people have joys and sorrows, and the moon is full of rain and shine" is allowed in the lyrics.
Extended data:
Rhyme is one of the basic forms of modern poetry. It sprouted from Shen Yue's new-style poems which focused on rhythm and antithesis, sprouted in the Qi Yongming period of the Southern Dynasties, took shape in the early years of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and matured in the middle and late Tang Dynasty.
There are three types of physical rhythm poems in Qi and Liang Dynasties: antithesis, sticking and sticking-to-mixing, but antithesis is the main one, which is far from perfect modern poetry. Among them, from the middle and late Liang Dynasty to Chen, there are some works by Yin Keng, Yu Xin, Xu Ling and others. It is very close to the regular poems of the Tang Dynasty.
The four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty played an important role in the formation of rhythmic poetry. Since the early Tang Dynasty, the phenomenon of "semi-classical poetry and semi-rhythmic poetry" in the process of the legalization of poetry has improved to "four outstanding poets", and the works of "five-law antithesis" have dropped sharply. At the same time, some modern poems have failed to harmonize rhythm, leaving more traces of transitional stage.
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