The atmosphere of the prosperous Tang Dynasty was a technical term of literary criticism in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, referring to the overall style and characteristics of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Yan Yu's "Canglang Poetry Talk" and other works most highly praised the poetry of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, pointing out that the poetry of the prosperous Tang Dynasty was the most popular. The characteristics of Tang poetry are "both majestic writing and vigorous atmosphere" ("Reply to the Book of Wu Jingxian in Lin'an, Lin'an"), and this is often explained in his poems. Later, poetry commentators of the Ming and Qing Dynasties followed Yan Yu's theory and often regarded majestic , vigorous and vigorous (sometimes collectively referred to as vigorous) are the style characteristics of the poetry of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and are called the atmosphere of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Magnificence and vigorousness are indeed the style characteristics of the poetry of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The poetry style of the Southern Dynasties and even the early Tang Dynasty was generally The poems of the middle and late Tang Dynasty after the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty were abandoned by the poets of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Some of the poems written in the middle and late Tang Dynasty after the prosperous Tang Dynasty tended to be simple and weak, such as the Ten Talents of Dali, Bai Juyi, Jia Dao, Yao He, etc. Lack of majesty; some prefer majesty, such as Han Yu, but because of the deliberate pursuit of adventure and lack of naturalness, majesty is indeed the outstanding feature of the poetry of the prosperous Tang Dynasty that distinguishes it from the poetry of the early Tang Dynasty and the middle and late Tang Dynasty. Yan Yu admired the poetry of the prosperous Tang Dynasty the most, and in Li Bai and Du Fu are the two most highly respected poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. "Canglang Poetry·Poetry Review" praises the poems of Li Du and other prosperous Tang poets as "like the golden eagle [鳷(zhī)]", a legendary exotic bird. (big bird) breaking into the sea, "Fragrant elephant crossing the river" is to praise its majesty. Yan Yu also emphasized that poetry should be written completely and naturally, without showing any traces of diction, which is the so-called "like an antelope hanging its horns, leaving no trace" ("Canglang Poetry Talk·Poetry Debate") , and believes that the poetry of the Tang Dynasty is outstanding in this aspect. Yan Yu strongly advocates the poetry style of the Tang Dynasty, not only because the poetry of the Tang Dynasty is indeed well written, but also because of its historical background. The Jiangxi Poetry School with the greatest influence in the Song Dynasty, its works deliberately depict parts of Du Fu's later years. The chapters with tempered words and the poems of Han Yu and Meng Jiao are the objects of study. They are thin and strong but lack the beauty of natural integration. The Yongjia Four Spirits School of Poetry, which was popular in the late Southern Song Dynasty, is based on Fa Jia Dao and Yao He. It has a narrow style and lacks majesty and grandeur. Yan Yu strongly advocated that poetry should be written in the style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, with the intention of criticizing contemporary poetic styles and remedying shortcomings.
To say that the poetry of the prosperous Tang Dynasty is majestic and powerful is based on its overall style, characteristics and main tendencies. Generally speaking, most of the poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty are vigorous, but some poems, especially the landscape and pastoral poems by Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and others, have a diluted and leisurely style. Although they are natural and pure, they are not majestic. This is After all, poetry-like poems account for only a minority in the poetry of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The atmosphere of the prosperous Tang Dynasty is a macro-generalization.
There are roughly two reasons for the formation of the atmosphere of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. One is the heroic ambition of the poets of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The poets Faced with the situation of a strong country and prosperous economy and culture at that time, they were generally broad-minded and high-spirited, hoping to make great achievements. They liked to describe the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland, the majestic scenery on the frontier, the tense battles and their own heroic aspirations. They pursued the "whale and blue sea" "(Du Fu's "Six Quatrains for Drama"). This forms the majestic style of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The second is the inheritance and development of the excellent poetry tradition of the previous generation. The poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty tried their best to eliminate the frivolous poetry from the Southern Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty. The popular poetry style attaches great importance to learning from ancient poems of the Han, Wei and Yuefu dynasties, and pays attention to carrying forward the clear and vigorous poetic style of the late Han Dynasty and the Jian'an era. From the perspective of the inheritance relationship of the poetry itself, the vigorous characteristics of the poetry of the prosperous Tang Dynasty are due to this.
Some poems of the prosperous Tang Dynasty fully reflect the appearance of the times when the Tang Empire was strong, but the atmosphere of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the appearance of the prosperous Tang Dynasty are not the same thing. The prosperous Tang Dynasty in the history of literature refers to the two dynasties of Tang Xuanzong and Suzong, which lasted about fifty years In the late period of Xuanzong, political corruption began and the country began to decline. The Anshi Rebellion in the Middle Ages caused social turmoil and people's livelihood was in decline. However, the poems of the late Tang Dynasty represented by Du Fu were still full of powerful characteristics. For example, Du Fu's "Wang Yue" The poem was written in the late Tang Dynasty, and it certainly reflects his grand ambition of "reaching the top of the mountain and seeing all the small mountains at a glance". His poem "Ascending the Tower of Ci'en Temple with the Dukes" was written on the eve of the An-Shi Rebellion, expressing the precarious situation of the Tang Empire. The situation and the poet's worries are still majestic. The two seven-rhythms "Climbing the Tower" and "Climbing High" written by Du Fu in his later years express the decline of the Tang Dynasty due to foreign aggression and the poet's twilight mood. The realm is still majestic and magnificent. Such things There are many examples. Such poems written by Du Fu in his later years are often praised by poetry critics of the Ming and Qing Dynasties as masterpieces that express the atmosphere of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Many poems written by Li Bai in his later years after the Anshi Rebellion also have a majestic style. The late Tang Dynasty, the face of the times Despite the great changes, the mentality formed by Li, Du and others in the early period has not disappeared, nor has the clear and vigorous poetic style they pursued, so they can still write many powerful poems.
The Tang Dynasty was China's The golden age in the history of poetry, the poetry of the prosperous Tang Dynasty is the peak in the history of Tang poetry. The poetry of the prosperous Tang Dynasty is characterized by its majestic and vigorous style, which has high aesthetic value.
The sound of the prosperous Tang Dynasty: refers to the period from Kaiyuan to Dali in the Tang Dynasty , is the heyday of Tang poetry. Those who divide Tang poetry into periods are called the prosperous Tang. There are famous poets Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Li Bai, Du Fu, Gao Shi, Cen Shen, etc.. From the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty until the outbreak of the "Anshi Rebellion", it was the Tang Dynasty It was an era when society was highly prosperous and full of artistic atmosphere. After more than a hundred years of preparation and brewing, Tang poetry finally reached the peak of its heyday. Although, among the four stages of Tang poetry, namely the early, prosperous, middle and late stages, the prosperous Tang poetry It was the shortest, but its achievements were the most brilliant. During this period, not only the great poet Li Bai appeared, but also a large number of talented poets emerged. Many poems that have been popular and widely recited for thousands of years are from this period. The passion, boldness, and strong romantic temperament produced during this period are the main characteristics of the poetry of the Tang Dynasty; even the quiet and beautiful works are also full of vitality and brilliance. This is what is known to future generations. The enviable "voice of the prosperous Tang Dynasty".