2. Long and short sentences of literary rhetoric (please elaborate and give a few more examples. A long sentence refers to a sentence with many words, complex structure, many modifiers (attributives and adverbials), many coordinate elements, or a complex structure of a certain element. Characteristics of long sentences: rigorous expression, rich content, precision and meticulous, it is suitable for expressing complex ideological content and rigorous and precise thoughts. Short sentences refer to short, pithy, short-paced, vivid and powerful sentences with a sense of rhythm. Short sentences can describe facts concisely, express characters concisely and vividly, reflect the rapid changes of things, and express the author's radical mood or decisive and affirmative tone. Long sentences become short sentences. Long sentences become short sentences. First of all, we should recognize the characteristics of long sentences. Generally speaking, long sentences have three characteristics: there are many modifiers (attributives and adverbials), many coordinate elements, and the structure of a certain element is complex. For example, change the following long sentences into several short sentences, and the original intention cannot be changed. \x0b at the beginning of this drama, if necessary, it shows the audience the thriving scene on the grassland and the moving scene of the herdsmen's struggle to open up grassland pastures and build bridges. Reference answer: From the very beginning, the play showed the audience the thriving scene on the grassland, and showed the moving scene of herders fighting to open up grassland pastures and build bridges. Change the following long sentence into four shorter sentences to make the meaning more clear (the original intention can not be changed, and it can be supplemented if necessary) In 2005, Russian scientists recently designed a new type of interstellar "compass", which has the characteristics of light weight, low energy consumption, high accuracy and strong anti-interference ability, and has the functions of digital camera shooting and precise direction identification of spacecraft. Answer: Russian scientists have recently designed a new type of interstellar "compass". Such as duality and parallelism. The whole sentence is neat in form, harmonious in rhythm and full of momentum, which is suitable for prose, essays and other styles. Loose sentence is a kind of sentence with scattered form and irregular structure. Loose sentences have flexible and natural meanings and can be used flexibly according to the context. (1) Replace the whole sentence with a loose sentence, as long as the repeated words in each sentence are removed and the original sentence is not changed. This is not the focus of the college entrance examination review, so I won't go into details here. (2) To turn a few loose sentences into complete sentences, it is generally necessary to first determine a benchmark sentence, and take this as a standard to adjust and transform other sentences, so that the grammatical structure of each clause is the same or similar. Here we should pay special attention to three points: ① read the original sentence and find the right symmetry point; (2) Keep the original intention unchanged and change the structure to make the sentence neat and symmetrical; ③ Pay attention to the words. Something touches your heart and makes you passionate, happy, sad and thoughtful. A: Some things touch your heart, make you passionate, make you happy, make you sad, make you think deeply and so on. Turn the underlined sentences in the following text into complete sentences. There are all kinds of flowers in the world. However, in my deep memory, it is such a flower that I will never forget. Not in the spring of March, but in the cold winter; It doesn't bloom in a flowerbed greenhouse, but in the ice and snow. It is not the warm spring breeze that welcomes its birth, but the cold north wind; It is the people's tears and painstaking efforts that nourish its growth, not the spring breeze and autumn dew. This is a flower dedicated to Premier Zhou, an endless flower in Tiananmen Square. It is not in the flower bed greenhouse, but in full bloom in the ice and snow; It is not the warm spring breeze that welcomes its birth, but the cold north wind; It opens in spring in March, but in cold winter; It is not the spring breeze and autumn dew that nourish it, but the tears of the people.
3. The difference between long and short sentences and modern poetry 1. Classical Poetry and Modern Poetry Classical Poetry: This mainly refers to China's ancient metrical poems. At the end of this section, the extension of classical poetry can be extended to all "non-expressive" poems and poetry creation practices.
Modern Poetry: This mainly refers to the theory and practice of poetry creation since the 1920s. Because I have only come into contact with very few modern poems (such as Eliot's poems), and my view on modern poems is more from the observation of modern western paintings, so my view may be extremely biased.
1. 1 Classical poetry came into being with the formation of early characters, which is the product of people's direct recognition of characters, ideas and thinking and opposition to unconscious existence. The meter developed by classical poetry is the construction of aesthetic forms of words in the process of gradually mastering the tools of words.
Classical poetry has fully developed the skills of word formation and combined sounds, but the world of words has not yet been differentiated from the world of thinking, and there is no difference between psychological process and the history of natural physiology-or, although there is a difference, it has not been consciously perceived by observers, and classical poetry is basically reproduced. 1.2 Modern poetry is fully aware of this differentiation and difference, and actively conveys the understanding and facts of this differentiation in its works, so modern poetry is expressive.
Although modern poetry has not yet constructed a form that conforms to modern writing and temperament like classical poetry, it has completed the transformation of separating the writing world from the thinking world and expressing the content of the thinking world independently. 1.3 Poetry is a combination of words, and this "form" should be understood as "formalization" in mathematics. Accordingly, non-metrical long and short sentences are not necessarily modern poems, because the combination of its words may only be the reproduction of the combination of thinking content like classical poems.
All expressionless poems are not modern poems, but freedom of language at most. Second, the image of modern poetry 2. 1 image, as far as I know, is an element that constitutes the writing world, and it can be chosen as a symbol to express the thinking world.
For example, if I use 1 for me, 2 for eating and 3 for rice, then 123 for eating. This is an extremely simple explanation of natural language grammatical structure with sequence structure as natural number, in which 123 is an image. Modern poetry is a process of smooth transformation of similar image combinations to convey complete thinking content.
The actual process is more complicated, comparing the world of words to an axiomatic system, but it is not as mechanical as cryptography. It can be seen that the split between the writing world and the thinking world has increased the freedom of the writing users and expanded the poet's imagination.
2.2 The choice of images in modern poetry is similar to the content and skills of mathematics. Images have real expressive power only if they are isomorphic with the expressed content.
For example, "childhood" is appropriate as an image of classical poetry, but it is not appropriate as an image of modern poetry. The fuzziness of "childhood" in time scale and spatial position; Authenticity in psychological process and natural history; And the reliability of people's historical memory, the word "childhood" has lost the exact direction of thinking content.
If modern poetry wants to express the facts about childhood, it is necessary to carefully select images, otherwise it is either a classical daydream or a shallow singing like grandma's Penghu Bay. 3. Rhythm and Rhythm The rhythm and rhythm of poetry come from two aspects: the form of words and the transformation of images.
Modern poetry lacks the former and pays more attention to the latter. Image transformation is like the topological structure of space. The unevenness of spatial structure comes from the topological structure of space, and the rhythm of poetry comes from the process of image transformation.
On the basis of inheriting the previous generation, Tang poetry pushed China's poetic achievements to the peak of history. During the Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the Tang poetry presented an unprecedented brilliant scene.
The achievements of Li Bai and Du Fu marked the peak of Tang poetry, and then entered a new climax. As a treasure of Chinese civilization, Tang poetry has had a great influence on later generations, and it still shines with eternal glory today, lasting forever in Mika.
Song Ci is the soul of Song literature, which inherited the opportunity of the early rise of pronouns in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, was created and carried forward by many talented poets and made brilliant achievements. The pre-poems, represented by Yan Shu and Ouyang Xiu, were the first batch of primroses in the Northern Song Dynasty, followed by the creation of slow ci by Liu Yong, a great writer, which brought fundamental changes to Song ci.
Due to the fall of the north and the change of the country's destiny, the ci circle in the Southern Song Dynasty presented another scene. As a vast literary and artistic palace of the Chinese nation, Song Ci has left an infinite treasure for future generations and become a spiritual medicine stone that nourishes China people from generation to generation.
Yuanqu, including Sanqu and Zaju, did not appear in the Yuan Dynasty, but existed before the Yuan Dynasty. It is called Yuanqu because the Yuan Dynasty was the most prosperous and represented the highest level of literary creation at that time. The real rise of Chinese traditional opera was in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and it was a comprehensive creation of singing, dancing and music.
At that time, Zhang Kejiu and Guan Yunshi, who were famous for their Sanqu, were important writers of Yuan Qu. He cares about life.
Therefore, the works are more popular.