Personal data:
The pen name is Kohler Bell.
Date of birth 1865438+2 1, April 2006.
Thornton, Yorkshire, England
He died on1March 3, 8551day (38 years old).
Haworth, Yorkshire, England
Professional novelist, poet, tutor
Genre novel
An influential writer.
Robert burns, Robert Seth, Scott
Writers influenced by it
George Eliot, Thomas Hardy, Jane Reese
Biography: Charlotte Brontexq was born in Thornton, Yorkshire, to Patrick Bronte? 0? 5, 1777- 186 1 year) and Maria branwell are the third of the six children of the Bronte couple and the oldest of the three Bronte sisters. 1820 In April, the whole family moved to Haworth, because his father Patrick was an assistant pastor of Haworth. Mother Maria died of cancer on September 182 1, so Charlotte and five other brothers and sisters were taken care of by Aunt Elizabeth Brunwell. 1August 824, Charlotte and her sister? 6? Emily, Maria and Elizabeth were sent to the girls' church school in Cowan Bridge, Lancashire (later called Lowood School in Jane Eyre by Charlotte). The poor school conditions have also had a permanent impact on Charlotte's health, and may have led to Charlotte's two sisters Maria (18 15- 1825) and Elizabeth (18 14- 1825). They died of tuberculosis shortly after they left school on 1825.
Charlotte and Brunwell, Emily and Anne in The House of Haworth began to create their fantasy country. Charlotte and Brunwell wrote stories about Angeria, while Emily and Anne wrote articles and poems about Gondel. These legendary stories are described in detail (still in some manuscripts), which provided them with the fun of childhood and early adolescence and laid the foundation for their future literary works.
Charlotte studied at the school in Millfield from 183 1 to 1832, where she met her lifelong friends Allen Nussy and Mary Taylor. During the period of 1833, Charlotte wrote The Green Dwarf in the name of Wellesley. From 1835 to 1838, Charlotte worked as a teacher in Milfield school. Charlotte worked as a tutor in many families in Yorkshire from 1839 to 184 1 year. Later in 1842, Charlotte and her sister Emily went to a Brussels-by Constantine Haig (1809- 1896) and his wife Claire Zoe's parents Haig (1804- 1890). However, it was interrupted by the death of Charlotte's aunt Elizabeth branwell in June 1842+00. Charlotte returned to the boarding school in Brussels as a teacher alone in June of 1843 and June of 1 2008. During her stay in this boarding school in Brussels, Charlotte was very unhappy because she became lonely, homesick and fell in love with Hegel. Finally, Charlotte returned to Haworth at 1844 and 1, which became the inspiration for Charlotte's novels villette and The Teacher.
1May 846, Charlotte and Emily,? 6? Anne co-published a collection of poems and used a pseudonym to avoid prejudice against female writers at that time. Although this collection of poems did not attract widespread attention (only two copies were sold), they decided to continue writing and start their first novel. Charlotte later published her first two novels under the pseudonym Kohler Bell. About this matter, Charlotte later wrote:
Because we didn't want to reveal our identities, we used the pseudonyms of Courier, Alice and acton Bell to hide our real names. This ambiguous choice based on conscience is based on the assumption that Christians think positively about being called men. We don't like to declare that we are women, because-there is no doubt that our works and ideas will not be called "women"-we have a vague impression that female writers should stand by and watch prejudice. We have noticed how critics sometimes attack because of personality, and sometimes use flattery as encouragement. These are not true comments.
The cover of the first edition of Charlotte's novel Jane Eyre was considered quite vulgar by critics at that time, and most of the focus was on guessing who the messenger Bell was, whether it was a man or a woman. Charlotte's younger brother Brunvi Bronte died of chronic bronchitis and fatigue caused by excessive drinking in September 1848, although Charlotte thought he died of tuberculosis. Emily and Anne also died of tuberculosis in 1848, 65438+February and 1849 May respectively. So only Charlotte lives with her father Patrick.
With the great success of Jane Eyre, Charlotte's publisher persuaded her to go to London occasionally. Charlotte showed her true personality in London. She began to participate in aristocratic social circles and made friends with writers such as martino, elizabeth gaskell, william makepeace thackeray and George Henry Louis. But Charlotte still didn't leave Haworth for more than a few weeks because she didn't want to leave her father Patrick's side.
Charlotte married Arthur Bell Nichols, her father's pastor, on June 1854. Less than a year later, Charlotte was pregnant. However, during this period, Charlotte's health deteriorated rapidly, and finally she died on March 3 1, 1855. The death certificate confirms that Charlotte died of tuberculosis, but many biographers believe that her death may be due to severe vomiting caused by morning sickness in early pregnancy. However, there is also evidence that Charlotte died of typhus. She may have been infected by her husband Arthur's old servant (who died before Charlotte). Later, Charlotte was buried in the family cemetery of St. Mark's Church in Haworth.
Charlotte's good friend elizabeth gaskell published Charlotte's biography "The Biography of Charlotte Brontexq" on 1857. However, Charlotte's feelings for Hegel are superficial, because it may bring pain to Charlotte's friends, husband and father.
His works include:
Fiction class
1847: Jane Eyre
1849
1853: villette.
1857: The Professor was written before Jane Eyre, but it was not published until after Charlotte's death because many publishers refused to publish it.
Poetry class
In retrospect: it was founded in 1835.
1846: Poems by Kohler (Ellis and acton Bell): Three Bronte Sisters jointly published.