Nineteen Ancient Poems was first seen in Selected Works. The editor collected these silent poems with the name of the late owner and named them this. There are always different opinions about the author and age of Nineteen Ancient Poems, including the creations of Mei Cheng, Yi Fu, Cao Zhi and RoyceWong. A comprehensive survey of the emotional tendency, social life reflected by Nineteen Ancient Poems and its skillful artistic skills shows that it was not written by one person, but was produced in the last years of Shun Di in the Eastern Han Dynasty and before Xian Di, that is, between A.D. 140- 190. ?
Nineteen Ancient Poems is a remarkable symbol of the humanization of Yuefu ancient poems. At the end of the Han Dynasty, the literati attached importance to the value of individual existence, which made them establish a broader and deeper emotional connection with their social environment and natural environment. In the past, things related to external affairs, such as the worship of the ancestral temples of emperors and princes, the martial arts of literary records, hunting and entertainment, and even the official offices of the capital, once dominated the subject areas of literature, but now they have given way to the source of advance and retreat, friendship and love, and even the streets and fields related to the poet's real life and spiritual life, phenology and solar terms, literary themes, styles and techniques have undergone tremendous changes.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was social unrest and political chaos. The lower scribes wander, and there is no way to swim. Nineteen Ancient Poems was born in this era, expressing the same kind of situation and feelings. This 19 poem is basically the words of a wandering woman. Specifically, the parting, frustration and impermanence of life are the basic emotional contents of Nineteen Ancient Poems. ?
Chen Ruoming, a poet in A Qing, made a very accurate comment on this in his Selected Ancient Poems from Caicaitang: "Nineteen poems are the works of writers of past dynasties, so they can express people's feelings. How many people have succeeded? Although rich and powerful, it is still insufficient. Poor? Ambition is unattainable, life is like running water, who doesn't feel bad? Everyone loves each other and wants to be together for life, but who doesn't leave? In my mind, it is common to guess his ideas and abandon them. People who lost their lives together don't know sadness or happiness. If they leave each other, it's hard for them to worry anymore. Chasing the minister and abandoning his wife and friends are all for one purpose. Therefore, although Nineteen Ancient Poems has two meanings, if everyone reads it in a low voice and hurts my heart, it is a matter of temperament. And the same feeling, everyone has his own, then everyone has his own poem. But everyone has feelings but can't speak, that is, words are inexhaustible, so it is extremely important to push the Nineteen Songs. " This passage points out that the emotion expressed in Nineteen Ancient Poems is an innate experience and feeling of human beings. For example:?
"crossing the river to pick hibiscus" and "staying in Japan" show nostalgia for hometown and relatives; In the lingering dusk, the guests and Altair from afar show the deep yearning and sincere love for the wanderer; ? Show the tourists' feelings about life and some thoughts about life: "Go back to the car and talk about it" and "The moon shines at night". ?
In a word, Nineteen Ancient Poems expresses the most basic and common feelings and thoughts in life, and it is "people feel the same way". Therefore, these poems can permanently impress people and last forever. At the same time, it shows the social situation, spiritual life and personality temperament of scholars in an artistic way, thus revealing one side of social life in the late Han Dynasty, which has important cognitive significance. ?
The author of Nineteen Ancient Poems draws nourishment from Yuefu folk songs and nourishes his creation. They have a natural artistic style, because they have feelings, no false feelings and affectation, and no careless carving. Liu Xie summed up the artistic features of Nineteen Ancient Poems in Wen Xin Diao Long Ming Shi: "Looking at its composition, it is straightforward but not wild, and it is the highest of five words." ?
1, which means endless. The wording is very simple and clear. "Literally, it is very dull and useless. If a scholar talks to his friends, it will be endless and meaningful. 2, simple and natural. Emotionally, Nineteen Ancient Poems is pure and sincere, without affectation; In artistic expression, it seems that his writing and words are handy, and there is no wrong processing of golden eagle, but a natural poetic feeling like lotus. 3. Scene fusion. The scenery, scenes and feelings described in Nineteen Ancient Poems are very consistent, and the artistic realm of scene blending is often formed through sketching, comparison and symbol. 4. The language is concise. The language of Nineteen Ancient Poems is simple and natural, but it is extremely refined and accurate. Expressive and meaningful. ?
In addition, Nineteen Ancient Poems often use reduplication, or depict scenery, or depict images, or describe scenes, which are vivid and vivid, and also increase the beauty of rhythm and rhythm of poetry. ?
The appearance of Nineteen Ancient Poems is of great significance in the history of China's poetry. Its metamaterial content and expression techniques were imitated by later generations and even formed a model. His artistic style also influenced the creation and criticism of later poems. As far as the actual situation of the development of ancient poetry is concerned, it is not an exaggeration to call it "the crown of five words" and "the ancestor of five words through the ages"