Zhang Xiaoxiang
Dongting grass,
Near the Mid-Autumn Festival,
There is no wind at all.
Meeting Qiongtian covers an area of 30,000 hectares.
Take a leaf from my boat.
Su Yuefen Association,
Ming River * * * shadow,
Both inside and outside are clear.
A carefree heart,
Beauty is hard to tell you.
I should have read the chiropody for many years,
The lonely light shines on itself,
Both liver and gallbladder are ice and snow.
Short hair and cold sleeves,
Steady and wide.
Suck on Xijiang,
Watch out for the big dipper,
Vientiane is a guest.
Squeeze and scream alone,
I don't know what night it is.
In the first year of Song Xiaozong trunk road (1 165), Zhang Xiaoxiang was appointed as the satrap of Jingjiang (now Guilin, Guangxi) and the ambassador of Guangnan West Road. He took office in July. In June of the following year, he was demoted to the north and passed through Dongting Lake in Hunan (Dongting Lake and Caoqinghu are connected in word, collectively referred to as Dongting Lake). The autumn moon night in Pinghu near the Mid-Autumn Festival induced the poet's profound "cosmic consciousness" and "poetic excitement", which made him write this poem.
When it comes to the expression of "cosmic consciousness" in poetry, we will think of "moonlight on the riverside" and "Youzhou rostrum" in Tang poetry. However, the "cosmic consciousness" expressed in Song poetry has its own merits compared with Tang poetry. In Zhang's ci, there is a dreamlike, sad and confused mood. Facing the endless "eternity" of Shui Yue, the author reveals infinite melancholy; In this kind of disappointment, there is some longing, nostalgia and a slight sigh of "impermanence of life". It is infatuated and pure, but it is mixed with immaturity of "wet behind the ears". Chen Ziang's poems show a strong sense of anxiety, which has accumulated the "heaviness" of life, politics and history deeply felt by countless sentimental poets and poets since The Book of Songs and Songs of the South. But at the same time, it shows a deep loneliness-the vast universe seems to be "opposite" to the poet, so he feels "isolated" and can only cry alone. However, with the progress of social history and the development of human thought, "cosmic consciousness" appeared in the works of Song people hundreds of years later, showing the ideological connotation of "harmony between man and nature". Please read Qian Chi Bi Fu: "Do you know the husband and the moon?" .. Gai must look at it from its changers, then heaven and earth can't be in an instant; From its constant point of view, things are infinite. " This joy of wandering in the arms of the cool breeze and the bright moon, and this sense of merging the boundaries between man and the universe indicate that some scholars in the Song Dynasty, represented by Su Shi, have gradually freed themselves from the confusion and distress of the previous generation and reached a more "advanced" and "super-open" ideological situation, reflecting that this generation of scholars who have suffered from various social contradictions have experienced hardships and twists and turns.
There are many similarities between Zhang Xiaoxiang and Su Shi in terms of personality, mind, talent and style of ci. However, all outstanding writers (especially talented writers like Zhang Xiaoxiang) will have their own innovations besides learning from their predecessors. Zhang Xiaoxiang's first poem, with his noble personality and exuberant vitality, created an artistic conception and spiritual realm with a bright night sky and a vast lake as the background.
The first three sentences of this word present a quiet and open scene in front of us. "Another fog came from Yungu and Menggu, and has been besieging Yueyang City". In reality, Dongting Lake in August is rarely calm. Therefore, the poet's "unique charm" is not so much a calm of the lake as a conscious expression of his inner peace. Its original intention is to expand the "clear" realm of "harmony between man and nature" below. Sure enough, the phrase "Jade Sword Qiongtian covers 30,000 hectares, and a leaf boat supports me" vaguely expresses the pleasure of "harmony" of this kind of thing. In other people's works, the contrast between the image of a boat with a leaf and the vast lake often has the meaning of "small" and "big", while Zhang Ci uses the word "this" to express his incomparable joy at home, and his spiritual realm is obviously different. Just think, isn't the boat's attachment to Bibo just like the attachment of "heart" to "body"? Body and mind are interdependent and combined with each other. In the eyes of the ancients, "man" is really "the heart of heaven and earth" and "the show of five elements" (the literary mind carves the dragon, the yuan and the Tao), and the "Tao heart" of the universe is embodied in "man". Therefore, the sentence "Go boating with me" is full of a "universal consciousness" that is converted to nature and the unity of man and nature, and this consciousness is more fully manifested in the following "the moon is bright, the river is bright, and the inside and outside are bright". The moon and the Milky Way poured their own brilliance into the lake, and the blue waves reflected the reflection of the Milky Way. At this time, the sky and soil are empty and clear-even the "inside and outside" of people are illuminated by holes. What a pure world it is, and what a glittering and translucent realm it is! The poet's thoughts are purified by the emptiness of the universe, and the landscape of the universe is also purified by the poet's purity. The personalized universe and the universal personality are combined into one, and the poet is completely intoxicated. He was in high spirits and his face was radiant, and he couldn't help but have a monologue of enjoying himself: "The carefree beauty is beyond words!" " On such a vast lake wave and in such a mysterious and cold moonlight, the poet has an unparalleled sense of intimacy and pleasure instead of the strangeness and fear that ordinary people are prone to have here and now. This is not a kind of harmony between things and people. What is the "universal consciousness"? Of course, it contains the conceit of "I am alone in the turbid water in the world, and I am alone when everyone is drunk", but there is no cruel embarrassment of Qu Zi's "withered and withered". Of course, there is also the sublimity of "bring my shadow and let the three of us" reflected on the moon, but there is no vulgarity of "eat and drink in time" by Li Bai. The poet felt unprecedented peace and tranquility. In the moonlight, in the cradle of lake waves, his restless mind found the best rest and home. Isn't it the greatest comfort and joy for mankind to return to the embrace of nature and to "unite" the open and clean mind of mankind with the "selfless" universal spirit? This kind of "beauty" can be known by "outsiders"! Poetry contains philosophy, which can be said to have reached the "ultimate realm" so far.
Then, why is this "beauty" of "harmony between man and nature" unique to poets? Is the poet really a "cold, diffuse" person who doesn't eat "fireworks" (preface to the lake by Chen)? Not exactly. At this point, Zhang Xiaoxiang just left the officialdom in Luo Zhi, so it is not true that he was born an independent person. In fact, he has a noble personality, a broad mind, "the spirit of going to Lingyun" and "as comfortable as a pen of God" (ibid.), so he can leisurely appreciate the beauty here and produce this chic and dusty poem. In fact, his carefree state of mind is not innate: "The world has become accustomed to it now, and this heart is carefree everywhere" (Xijiangyue, Su Yang Santasi). Thus, his carefree state is a mental state of "wit" and "detachment" after experiencing the ups and downs in the world, and it is by no means a natural indifference or self-anesthesia. So after the above two sentences, he went on to write: "The cold light pavilion is in the water, and Sha Ou is flying." . Shui Ying in the sky and ChristianRandPhillips in Bai Ou are the same "indifferent realm" that transcends customs and befriends things. This process of creating contradictions to achieve the temporary solution of contradictions and "entering" lifestyle to achieve "leaving" easily reminds us of Su Shi's "Drunken Book of Looking at the Lake Building on June 27th": "Dark clouds turn over the ink and fail to cover the mountain, while white rain jumps over the boat. The wind comes and blows away, and the water under the lake looks like the sky. " This is a description of what he saw at the top of the lake, but it is also a description of his mental journey: on the road of life, ups and downs are everywhere; However, as long as the purity of personality and philosophical thinking is maintained, all storms will eventually pass and a clear and empty "state of mind" will surely reappear.
"I should read my spine for many years, lonely and lonely, and I am ice and snow." This shows the poet's "foothold". The poet just got rid of the official life of Lingbiao (now Guangdong and Guangxi), recalling that his personality and conduct in this period of official career are extremely noble, so noble that even his liver and gallbladder are as crystal clear as ice and snow without impurities; But this kind of mind is not easy to be known (on the contrary, it is wronged), which can only make Leng Yue's lonely light come to the cave and learn from your pure heart. The implication is not that there is no sadness and resentment. Therefore, the image of the poet here is a real-life person with a world-weary mood; The image of "clear inside and outside" in front of me is the crystallization of his personality of "courage and ice" formed through the sublimation of "universal consciousness". At this time, the author's heartfelt words are about to get an erection, but then they turn into a new emotional realm: "Short hair is thin and thin, and sleeves are cold, stable and wide." Here is the author's broad-minded mind at work: "Let the wind and waves rise, sit firmly on the Diaoyutai", why care about the gossip of those little people? I am boating on Dongting Lake. -Not only that, but I also want to take a trip between heaven and man in the land of "being good at octupole and traveling in Wan Ren"! Therefore, despite sparse hair and clean hands, the poet's interest is particularly high and his imagination is more romantic. So the following strange sentence appeared: "Take the Xijiang River, pour the Beidou carefully, and Vientiane is the guest". What a grand style and broad mind! The poet wants to suck the mighty water of the Yangtze River, take the big dipper in the sky as a spoon, and invite everything in the world as a guest. He must drink it carefully at the wedding. This attitude of "making love with things" is the expansion of the author's self-consciousness and the overflow of the poet's personality, showing a new "cosmic consciousness" with me as the "subject". At this point, the mood of the word suddenly reached a "climax": "I don't know which night it will be!" When is the evening? The answer is clear: tonight is the eve of Mid-Autumn Festival. However, at this time, the author has reached the level of "forgetting me" and forgotten everything in the world (even "heaven"). Therefore, those who have both fame and fortune have been left behind. At this moment, "time" seems to have stagnated and "space" has shrunk. Looking around the world, there is only the image of the poet "shouting alone" in the picture, and there are "voice-over" with tigers whistling and dragons singing and surging clouds. At first, Dongting Lake, which was "less charming" and quiet, suddenly seemed to become a lively banquet, with all kinds of guests coming in droves, and the owner of "Gallbladder Ice and Snow" became a hero full of food and energy. ...
Zhang Xiaoxiang was a brilliant, ambitious and knowledgeable patriot in history. But in this poem written in a specific environment, the author's noble personality, noble integrity and broad mind are "melted" in a bright moonlight lake shadow and become "transparent" and "clear"; After the sublimation of "cosmic consciousness", it is more solemn, profound and rich. The author's peculiar imagination, fantastic prosperity and rich literary talent are all "melted" in a broad and lofty artistic conception, which is "out of the dust" and "not vulgar"; After the sublimation of "cosmic consciousness", it becomes more and more hazy, mysterious and beautiful. The most memorable sentence between the lines is "carefree heart, beautiful beyond words." Where is the beauty? Beauty lies in the harmony between man and nature; The beauty lies in "words don't mean everything" and "meaning is in words". Imagine that a "mortal" from the world can jump out of the predicament of "full of troubles in the world" and reach the spiritual realm of forgetting things and me. Isn't it wonderful! However, predecessors often say that "words are not full of meaning", but the author can express "selflessness" and "selflessness" so incisively and vividly with the help of this artistic conception of blending things with me and scenes. Isn't this the supreme "fairyland" of literature? Hu Zai once lamented that "the Mid-Autumn Festival Ci came out from Dongpo's" Shuidiao Getou ",and the rest of the Ci were completely abolished" (the last volume of Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden Conghua, Volume 13), which was biased. In front of me, this "Nian Nu Jiao" is a masterpiece that cannot be abandoned. If Su Ci expresses sincere praise for "human love" by moonlight, then it expresses sincere praise for "noble spirit" by moonlight. It is not only an outstanding masterpiece in the Mid-Autumn Festival poetry corridor, but also an outstanding masterpiece in the whole classical literature corridor. Its foundation lies in the beauty of personality and art sublimated through "cosmic consciousness", and it will have the spirit of bathing in snow and the permanent charm of improving aesthetic ability.