Yang Fang, Li Yong, Yu Yan, Yin Zhongwen and Xie Hun all made certain contributions in the process of the emergence and development of landscape poems.
But it was Xie Lingyun who really made great efforts to create landscape poems and had a great influence on them at that time. Xie Lingyun was born in a big landlord family, and he was outstanding in his studies. He has long been appreciated by his uncle Xie Hun, and his brothers Xie Zhan and Xie Hui are temporary scholars in his family.
He was politically ambitious, but he lived in the Jin and Song Dynasties, with political chaos and social unrest. In the early Song Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Song adopted a policy of suppressing the cremation, and Xie Lingyun was also reduced from the duke to the marquis, which naturally made him feel resentful.
According to the legend of Song Shu, he "claimed to be able to participate in power and was often angry because he didn't know". "The young emperor ascended the throne, and the power is in the minister. Being smart and confused is different, not to undermine the rule."
Therefore, since he was appointed as the magistrate of Yongjia, no matter whether he was in office or in seclusion, he always indulged in mountains and rivers and wandered freely, "going for poetry and making his meaning"; On the one hand, it is a way to confront the government and vent dissatisfaction, and it is also a spiritual comfort in the clear voice of mountains and rivers.
Related to this, Xie Lingyun, a good Buddha, had long wanted to learn from Hui Yuan, and his thoughts were deeply influenced by Hui Yuan. He advocated "getting rid of the fatigue of things and having an epiphany" in "On Clan Differentiation", and his "Preface to Famous Mountain Tour" said: "A husband is born with food and clothing; Scenery, a good place to have sex.
Today, if you are tired of what you have, you will have the right ears. ..... is a field of fame and fortune, and virtue lies in a field of purity! "Only by wandering between mountains and rivers can we keep fit and abandon worldly things.
Most of Xie Lingyun's landscape poems were written after he became the magistrate of Yongjia. These poems vividly and meticulously describe the natural scenery of Yongjia, Huiji and Lipeng Lake in rich and delicate language.
Its main feature is fresh and beautiful. For example, "The Biography of Yan Yanzhi in the Southern History" contains: "The taste of Yan asked Bao Zhao about himself and his spiritual destiny, and he said,' Thank you like a lotus, naturally lovely;
If your poem is embroidered, it will be full of eyes. In addition, Tang Huixiu said, "Xie Shi is like a lotus flower, and Ru Yan is mistaken as a gold digger" (quoted from Zhong Rong's poem); Zhong Rong said that Xie Shi's "famous articles and famous sentences abound; Canon beauty new voice, an endless stream will rush "(the first volume of poetry); Xiao Gang also said that "it's only natural to thank the guests if you say something" (Letter to the King of Xiangdong).
On the one hand, Xie's poems are "natural" compared with Yan's "embroidery with brocade" and "eyeful"; On the other hand, when people are tired of reading those "plain" metaphysical poems, they will naturally feel fresh, natural and lovely when they come into contact with the new sounds of mountains, water and beauty in Xie's poems.
Regarding the "nature" of Xie Shi's poems, Tang Shi Jiaoran said in the first volume of "Poetic Style" that the "nature" of Xie Shi's poems is different from that of Li Ling and Su Wu, and it is "heaven is true, but arrogant and useless".
It is also different from the nature of Cao Zhi and others that "words move, feelings start from feelings, not from meaning, and spirit is high", but "it is true for the text, and it is still effective, regardless of the color of the text."
The so-called "role" means business arrangement, thinking and exercise. In this way, it can reach nature, which is exactly what Xie Shi won and the key to his new poetic style.