Wuzhen Temple in Wang Shunshan. This poem was written in 8 14 A.D. (the ninth year of Yuanhe), and Ding You of Bai Juyi returned to Korea as a doctor of Zuo Zanshan.
"Yuan and nine years in autumn, the first quarter of August. I visited Wuzhen Temple in Wang Shunshan. Start with a pen and explain the time and place of your visit to Wuzhen Temple. Although there are traces of the beginning of Du Fu's "Northern Expedition", it is still rare to use it in landscape poems. In fact, it is a kind of prose travel practice. Next, I will write about abandoning horses and chariots, hiking up the mountain, taking a nap twice, and climbing into the temple. Climbing up step by step without leaving anything, the poet He Bai made an evaluation of "reading carefully paragraph by paragraph", from which we can get a glimpse. After entering the temple, look around, "If you break the mountainside, put the temple in it", and compare the position of the mountain and the temple with the human body, which is strange but accurate. What I saw and heard in the temple, the tree "has long roots, twisted, insects, snakes, pine and cinnamon, and has been flourishing", while the bird "sings when it is quiet and smells like cicadas". There is no lack of traditional elegance and loneliness in poetry, but it is faithful to reality and imitates objectively. Beauty is flawed, which is different from traditional aesthetic concepts without beautification.
After entering the temple, you will inevitably face many buildings. The method of describing the cragginess and solemnity of pavilions is a difficult problem in poetry, and predecessors often avoid talking about it and write more about natural scenery. However, the poet did not fear difficulties and went forward bravely, and gave a positive description of many pagodas, jade carving halls, Kannonji and other buildings in the temple. However, from different angles, writing has its own characteristics. Many pagodas are "the wind blows at all ends, Luan and Hu Qia are majestic", "the iron bowl is still there, and the handwriting wears through the bottom", paying attention to the intersection of the whole and individual images. Jade statue hall "frost is like cassock, hail is like splendid", and only jade Buddha statues are taken. The two are focused and the details are handled properly. Kannonji, on the other hand, is decorated with many colors: "Six rows of jade mirrors and four gilded cymbals. The night is bright, not waiting for the lights to shine. Many treasures are low and proud, and Bibei coral is a flag. The wind is like joy, touching the sound of mountains and mountains. White beads drop blood, red beads drop blood, embellishing Buddha's bun, forming seven golden crowns. " Attached are relic beads and jade emperor. It not only shows the resplendence of the Buddhist temple, but also highlights the golden color of the Buddha statue, which is described from big to small. However, poets are more round. Tang Bao has three doors open, and the golden elf is in front. The moonlight shines brightly, and the crystal light is brilliant. "So the glory of Kannonji fell on his eyes.
After dawn, a person is traveling on a mountain trail. Han Yu's "Rock Poetry" describes this scene with a few words and freehand brushwork. Bai Juyi is meticulous and skillful in applying Danqing. Decorated with bamboos, cold butterflies and mountain fruit shrines, you are scared when climbing dangerous stones and light when bearing mountain wind. The forest is full of interest, concrete and meticulous, which makes readers relaxed and happy. Sunset and full moon are eternal themes of poetry, and it is not easy to be unconventional. Bai Juyi's Life in the Sunset is refreshing. "Northwest sunset, sunset red and round. Thousands of miles away from the screen, walk down the cinnabar pill. The southeast moon is in the sky and the night is long. At the bottom of the pool, write a gold plate. " Sometimes red and green set each other off, and sometimes blue and gold set each other off, with gorgeous colors and beautiful images. "cinnabar pill" and "golden plate" are metaphors of the sun and the moon, which are quite distinctive. Putting proverbs into poetry can turn them into elegance. So far, I have traveled for a day and a night, and I get it. Later, the time clue was omitted and a typical mountain view was carefully drawn. The clear water lingers around the mountains, sometimes urgent and sometimes slow, and the stones piled on the east cliff also make it clear and moist. The poet not only described the real situation of the trip, but also wrote down the color of the mountain pond in his poem. "The highest peak of zenith, leaning on a sapphire pole. Rats can't give orders, I can climb. There is a white lotus pond on the ground with clear blue flowers. It is not famous, and the place is not human. " This is another way to express poetry in words.
In landscape poetry, human scenery is often regarded as a vassal of natural scenery; In prose travel notes, human landscape is an important part. Bai Juyi's poems are fascinated by mountains and rivers, focusing on spiritual traces. Not only the temples are described in detail, but also the books of Buddhas, immortals, dragons, monks and famous painters and calligraphers follow, greatly enriching the contents of landscape poems. The poet touched a stone in the Buddhist legend, such as the Daoxian Temple in Wang Ziqiao, Wu Daozi's paintings and Chu Suiliang's books, but the myths and legends such as the dragon listening method of painting the dragon hall and the pigeon cooperation of writing scriptures are vivid and lifelike. The pen and ink are meticulous and light, and the arrangement is very appropriate.
At the end of the song, people are scattered, and the text is clear, which is the usual way to end a landscape poem. There are more than 1000 words in the poem, which is dozens of times the length of ordinary landscape poems. The ending is lyrical, yearning for wild feelings, tired of worldly affairs, and also occupies as many as 140 words, which is completely catharsis.
In chronological order, poetry runs through the process of visiting mountains, but it is not time, interspersed with humanistic scenery and emotional feelings. The theme is rich and colorful, which integrates narrative, lyricism and scenery description, forming prose-style landscape poems and poetic landscape travel notes. The structure of poetry, from traveling to expressing feelings, is complete and orderly. However, there are ups and downs in strictness. The tour in the last three months has been regrouped, and there is no strict time clue. The whole poem is detailed or simple, with prominent points. It is also a mountaineering trip, which is detailed in going up the mountain and slightly down the mountain; The same natural scenery, detailed in front and simple in the back, is detailed in reality and ignored; It is also a temple, highlighting Kannonji; Both of them are cultural relics, highlighting the painting of the Dragon Hall and the writing of scriptures. The style of writing is changeable, vigorous and powerful, and the structure can be described as dense.
The images depicted in the poem are bright in color and varied in posture, overlapping in new places. It may be as wide as "the rainbow is floating on the eaves, swirling around the clouds, red sun and white rain, in the same boat through thick and thin rain", or it may be as wide as "the wind comes down from the stone and the thin man hits." Clothes are like feathers, flying like common birds, or flying like "Romon treads on elms and drinks apes." Snow blooms with egrets, brocade jumps with red herring, or it is as quiet as "the sun and the moon are opaque, and the shade meets." When a bird is flying, it smells like a cicada. "Looking for the deep and remote, it was suddenly made by myself.
Zhao Yiju, a poet in A Qing, compared this poem with Han Yu's Nanshan Poem and praised it as: "The level is extremely clear, and it seems that there are more scenes written in one place that cannot be moved elsewhere than Nanshan Poem." (Oubei Shihua)