Preface of Shi Mao:
There are four schools of thought in Han Dynasty: Lu, Qi, Han and Mao. The first three schools were Confucian classics, which were established in official schools in the early days, but died out one after another. Zhao's Mao Heng (male) and Achyranthes bidentata have been handed down from generation to generation, and they are called Mao Poems, belonging to the ancient prose school. Shi Mao flourished in the late Han Dynasty, replacing the first three and spreading widely. Shi Mao has a short preface in 300 Poems, and after the short preface in the first poem Guanju, there is a long article, which is called "Preface to Poetry", also known as "Preface to Shi Mao". This looks like the preface of Shi Mao's The Book of Songs. The author is unknown. Written in the Western Han Dynasty, probably revised by Confucian scholar Wei Hong in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Preface to Shi Mao
"Guanju", the virtue of empresses, the beginning of the wind, so the wind is the world and the couple are also. Therefore, it is necessary to use the country. Wind, wind, teaching, turbulence, teaching change.
Poets, with aspirations, have ambitions in their hearts, take poems as words to express their feelings, and lack words, so they sigh, sigh and sing, but they don't know how to dance.
Emotion comes from sound, and sound is written as sound, which governs the vocal music of the world and its politics; The voice of troubled times is angry, and its politics is good; The voice of national subjugation grieves, and its people are trapped. Therefore, gain and loss, movement and the world, feeling and ghosts and gods are close to poetry. The former king learned from the husband and wife, became filial, virtuous, beautiful and civilized, and changed customs.
Therefore, poetry has six meanings: one is wind, the other is fu, the third is comparison, the fourth is pride, the fifth is elegance, the sixth is fu, the upper is weathering, the lower is wind thorn, the main text is remonstrated, the speaker is innocent, and the listener is warned, so it is called wind. As for the decline of the monarch, the abolition of etiquette and righteousness, the loss of politics and religion, the foreign affairs of the country, the strange customs of the family, and the elegance of the wind. The history of the country clearly shows the traces of gains and losses, hurts people, laments the harshness of criminal politics, recites family ties, rides the wind, achieves things and cherishes old customs. Therefore, the wind becomes sentimental and stops at comity. It is human nature to express feelings; Stop at courtesy and righteousness, and the first king's ze is also. It is based on the matter of a country and the foundation of one person, which is called the wind; It is an elegance to talk about everything and form a wind in all directions. Ya, yes, Wang said that it is also a waste. Politics is big and small, so there are few elegance. Praise, the description of beauty and virtue, is also told to the gods through its success. It means four beginnings, and poetry is the most important.
However, the change of Guanju and Linzhi was the wind of kings, so it was the Duke of Zhou. South, the word turns from north to south. The virtue of "Quechao" and "Li Yu" is also the wind of princes. The late king taught it because it was Zhao Gong. "Nan Zhou" and "Zhao Nan" are the starting point and the foundation of Wang Hua. Therefore, "Guan Yu" is Mrs. Le, who should be a gentleman, worry about the virtuous, and not commit adultery; Sad and graceful, thinking only without hurting kindness. It also means Guan Ju.
Style, elegance and praise are variations of this poem; Fu, Bi and Xing are different words in The Poem. Those of different sizes have six meanings. Fu, Bi and Xing are the words of poetry, and style, elegance and praise are the composition of poetry. They are all called' righteousness' because they are used in these three things.
The six poems taught by the master: Yue Feng, Yuefu, Yuebi, Lexing, Leya and Yuesong, are based on Liu De, and the six rhythms are the sounds. translate
Guan Ju is a poem about the virtue of empresses. The beginning of The Book of Songs is used to educate the world and correct the way of husband and wife. So it can be used to educate rural people, and it can also be used to educate governors and countries. Wind is moral and enlightenment; Use fables to move and educate people.
Poetry is the place where people express their feelings, the ambition in their hearts and the poetry expressed by language. Emotion will be expressed as language when it is touched in the heart. Words are not enough to express, it sighs, it is not enough to express, it is Long song, it is not enough to express, it dances uncontrollably. Emotion should be expressed by sound, and sound becomes the tone of palace, business, horn, sign and feather. This is music. Millennium music is peaceful and joyful, and politics at that time was peaceful and smooth; The music in troubled times was resentful and angry, and the politics at that time was surly and cruel; The music at the time of national subjugation was sad and thoughtful, and its people were trapped and poor. Therefore, nothing is closer to achieving this goal than poetry, to correct political gains and losses and to touch the gods of heaven and earth. Ancient kings used poems to correct the relationship between husband and wife, cultivate filial piety, be honest and virtuous in interpersonal relationships, cultivate an atmosphere of pure education and change bad customs.
Therefore, poetry has six meanings: one is called wind, the other is called fu, the third is called bi, the fourth is called xing, the fifth is called elegance, and the sixth is called ode. The upper class (ruler) educates the lower class (common people) with "wind", while the lower class (common people) satirizes the upper class (ruler) with "wind" and uses argot as euphemism persuasion. (in this way) the speaker will not offend, and the listener will be alert. This is called "wind". As for the decline of the king, the etiquette is lax. National historians understand the facts of political gains and losses, grieve for the relaxation of human relations and lament for the harshness of criminal law politics, so they choose to recite their own emotional poems to satirize the monarch. This is because the world has changed, but I miss the old customs. Therefore, "changing the wind" is a heartfelt feeling, but it does not go beyond etiquette. Feelings from the heart are human nature; It is the grace of my late king to be enlightened not to go beyond propriety and righteousness. Therefore, if poetry praises a country and only expresses the poet's inner feelings, it is called "wind"; If poetry is about the world and shows the customs in all directions, it is called elegance. "Elegance" is a positive meaning, which refers to the reasons for the decline and prosperity of the royal government. Politics is different, so some are called "less" and some are called "elegance". Ode is to praise Wang Shengde and tell his ancestors about his successful career. (Wind, Xiaoya, Elegance, Ode) This is the "four beginnings" and the highest in the poem.
However, the enlightenment of Guan Ju and Linzhi was originally the "wind" of the times (but the "wind" only talked about one country, and the queen Wen came to be the emperor to govern the four corners of the world), so it can only be recorded in the name of the Duke of Zhou. "South" refers to the education of the son of heaven from north to south. The virtue of "Quechao" and "Li Yu" was originally the "wind" of vassal States, which was used by the former kings to educate them. (the queen Wen is the son of heaven and should be in charge of all directions), so write it down under her name. "Nan Zhou" and "Zhao Nan" are the standards to regulate and measure the initial time, and they are the foundation of kingly education.
Explanation:
Preface of Shi Mao (1):
"Guanju" ②, the virtue of empresses ③, the beginning of the wind ④, so the wind of the world ⑤ and the couple also. Therefore, villagers should be used and countries should be used. Wind, wind also, teaching also; The wind can move it and teach it to change it.
① Preface to Mao Poetry: There were four schools in Han Dynasty: Lu, Qi, Han and Mao. The first three schools were Confucian classics, which were established in official schools in the early days, but died out one after another. Zhao Renmao's long-handed poem is Mao Shi, which belongs to the ancient prose school. There was no official school in Han dynasty, and Mao's poems flourished at the end of Han dynasty, replacing the three schools and being passed down to the world alone. Mao's poems have a small preface in 300 Ancient Poems, and after the small preface in the first poem Guanju, there is a long article called Preface to Poems, also known as Preface to Mao's Poems. It looks like a general preface.
② Guan Sui: the title of the first poem "The Book of Songs, National Style and Nan Zhou".
The virtue of empresses: Empresses, the wife of the son of heaven, the old saying refers to the wife of Princess Zhou Wen. It says here that Guan Ju praises the virtues of the queen. Kong's "Mao Shi Zheng Yi" said: "Harmonious sexual behavior and professional chastity are also the virtues of empresses." This explanation is far-fetched. This is often the case with China's Confucianism.
(4) The beginning of the wind: This means that Guan Ju is the head of the national wind in the Book of Songs. Kong Ying Da's "Justice in Shi Mao" said: "The queen mother has virtue, which is the beginning of Wen Wang's weathering. Wang Xingwen's culture began with his wife, so it was the beginning of Feng Jiao. " This is contrary to the original intention, but Han people often make a far-fetched or even distorted interpretation of poetry from the perspective of education. ⑤ Wind: pronounce this sound as a verb to inspire.