Parallel prose gradually developed from rhetorical devices such as antithesis and parallelism in ancient times. It began to form in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and became authentic in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, occupying almost all writing fields. It was the heyday of parallel prose. Therefore, parallel prose had a great influence on the literary language in Tang and Song Dynasties and later, especially the metrical poems.
"Parallel" is the original meaning of "driving two horses"? Originated from Shuo Wen Ma Bu, that is, two horses parallel, and later extended to the merger of the two. So "parallel" is extended. As a style, "parallel prose" has the following characteristics in language:
First, in terms of sentences, pay attention to parallel pairs.
Two horses rode side by side in parallel, and they called me side by side. Parallel pairs are opposites, because ancient antitheses are opposites, so parallel pairs are also called "antitheses". Generally, compound sentence is used to oppose each other, and the basic requirements are the symmetry of real words and the symmetry of function words. For example, there is a saying in the junior middle school Chinese textbook "Humble Room Ming": "The moss on the stage is green, and the curtain is green." "There are literati talking and laughing, no Ding Bai." "There is no confusion of bamboo, and there is nothing in the case." The above sentences are symmetrical in content words, function words, syntactic structure and part of speech. Such sentences are catchy to read, which is quite different from "prose". To sum up, parallel pairs not only require overall symmetry, but also require the same internal syntactic structure of upper and lower couplets.
Second, in language, pay attention to rhythm and levelness.
Parallel prose should pay attention to rhythm in pronunciation, and the rhythm of different words is different. Now take five-character poems as an example: parallel prose five-character poems and five-character poems have different rhythms; The rhythm of five-character poems is generally two or three styles, such as: "Friends who guard the sea, and heaven remains our neighbourhood." ? In Wang Bo's "Farewell to Du Shu", the rhythm of five parallel prose sentences is generally two or two sentences, such as; "Moss scar-upper cyan" and "grass color-introduction-screen cyan". ? Under this format, most of Liu Yuxi's "Inscription of the Humble Room" inserted a function word in the middle of four sentences.
In addition, parallel prose pays attention to parallelism and parallelism in pronunciation, which can enhance the sound beauty of language. During the Yongming period of Emperor Wu of the Southern Song Dynasty, tone was consciously used as an artistic means, and then new-style poetry appeared. Also known as "Yongming style", it later developed into modern poetry? The rhythm of metrical poetry. Later Song Ci and Yuan Qu were also influenced by this. In Wei and Jin Dynasties, parallel prose did not pay attention to parallelism. Parallel prose after the Tang Dynasty was influenced by the flat and parallel metrical patterns of regular poems, and also paid attention to the flat and parallel metrical patterns. In other words, in parallel prose, it is required to be straightforward.
Third, in the use of words, pay attention to the use of allusions and words.
Quote, also called "reminiscing about the past", is a kind of quotation, a rhetorical device in articles in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, and has not yet formed stylistic characteristics. Mainly referring to ancient stories or poems to express ideas, it is easy to cause association and make the article elegant and implicit.
For example, the fifth volume of junior high school Chinese? There is a sentence in Liu's Dream of Returning Home: Preface: "I am a tangerine peel that is not used to my native land, and my poems are just bitter fruit." Use this sentence flexibly? The allusion in Banquet Spring and Autumn is that "those born in Huainan are oranges, and those born in Huaibei are oranges. The leaves are similar to the disciples, but they actually taste different, so what is it, soil and water? " I said deeply and implicitly that I am far from my motherland. The anguish in a foreign land and the reason why I want to return to the motherland reveal the poet's pursuit of returning to the motherland between the lines.
In terms of words, parallel prose not only pays attention to the use of allusions, but also pays attention to algae decoration, that is, it is decorated with gorgeous words and pursues neatness in form.