The Wanyue School and the Bold School of Song Dynasty
Reprinted to guard some northern cities
Song Dynasty, the "Golden Age". During this period, the two peaks of glory represented the confrontation of hegemony, which were based on the banners of Liu Yong, Li Qingzhao, Su Shi, Xin Hao and Wanyue. As its name suggests, the graceful school and the bold school obviously represent two completely different styles of writing. What are their characteristics? What's the difference? Here, I think we should pay attention to the "creative characteristics of poetry" in the words and phrases of the ancient critic, writer Su Shi, the founder and main representative of the bold school (see Nanshan "Poetry"). Su Shi's evaluation and evaluation are unanimous, which makes sense. My understanding of this sentence, I very much agree with the "History of Chinese Literature" scientifically compiled by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, who said: "Poetry does not cancel the word as an independent literary genre system and expand the subject matter, but the writer's personality More vivid language innovation. "On this basis, I think of a breakthrough in temperament, and make a superficial analysis and comparison of the different styles of poetry between the graceful school and the bold school from the perspective of subject matter, form (including temperament, language) and expression techniques. The life experience, talents and temperament of each of these two factions of poets have been omitted due to space limitations.
Theme: "Zunqian" Flowers "He" Flying Over the Great Wall "River Sky"
The most significant difference between the broad theme and the narrow bold style is the graceful style.
In the case of the so-called "beautiful and elegant works" written by Wen Tingyun, the founder of the entire graceful school, and later Wu Wenying and Wang Yisun in the past 300 years, they have a large number of narrow themes, and most of them are written about farewell. Romantic injuries to men and women, Han Yin's drunken songs, like Xi Chunhua. At the same time, although Liu Yong and Li Qingzhao have opened up, after all, there is a phenomenon of impunity for their restraint.
, the theme of "brilliance" that completely broke through the traditional barriers, the word "Zunqian" from the entertainment bin Du Fu's "Qianxing" tool to the development of an independent lyric art, moved towards a broader social life. "flower". Entering unintentionally, there is nothing that cannot be obtained "(Liu Zaixi's "Art Needs"), mountain landscapes, sightseeing tours, farmhouse scenery and hanging on to ancient times, reasoning and poetry, and wrote a lot of words." read "("河不") "The Way Back") and "Missing You" ("Comparative Study") are the immortal masterpieces that best embody the characteristics. By Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty, a new development appeared, which is not intended to be repeated
Send Beautifully So many words, so many words, thousands of songs in the collection are huge, but even if all this is increased, because they reflect the surface of social life as well as the range of themes, I am afraid that 300 words is far wider than Su Shi !
Form: Literally and innovatively.
Formal words, graceful words and bold words come in two different ways. BR />Elegant words are generally more popular. Pay attention to the form of words, the testimony based on the rules of temperament (such as "five tones", "six laws"), and the magic weapon based on the clear rules and precepts of language (such as "zhuyuanyurun" in "no words"). As mentioned earlier, the outdated poor people have their works with narrow themes, monotonous, more obsessed with homophony, deliberately carved chapters and sentences, and the gorgeous form covers up the empty content. He would rather take it literally than go too far. The achievement of Li Qingzhao, the most famous of the Elegant School, is obviously faced with the destruction of the country and the death of the family, pitiful worries, and cruel reality, but he adheres to the prejudice that "poetry is an art", and the word "fear" does not reveal the slightest trace. Desolate and sad ", although it is tear-jerking, it lacks the power of an excited person to stand up. This greatly weakens the ideological significance of the work. Her poems of the same period (such as "I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross the Yangtze River", etc.) are uninhibited and commendable in their vitality.
Being limited to form, content, form in turn frames the content, gracefully sending herringbone firmly tying their hands and feet. At this point, Liu Yong, who cast the rhyme word "Send", reached its peak.
The bold and unconstrained style of custody expression serves the content rather than the form, but to fully mobilize. The famous Su Shi. In order to reflect the broad side of life, Su Shi broke the "word will be the same as the law" from music, and Chen Ji set the word status as a freed slave. Su Shi did not completely ignore or understand the temperament, but because he "distinguished the songs of nature and life" (see "The complex language of Dazhai Manlu cited by Chao Supplement"), and "unruly did not like to cut the sound method" (see " Poems of the past dynasties, I quote Lu You’s language). Su Shi gave full play to the advantages of this unique style, language and literature. The form of long and short sentences is dispersed, causing the rhythm of the sonorous sentences to rotate and change, and the rhythm of the sonorous sentences is also striven to be loud, thereby achieving the harmonious unity of form and content and the art of emotion. realm. Lu You was an outstanding poet in the Southern Song Dynasty and ordered music, and his poetry was first-rate. He had to "adopt Dongpo's lyrics and songs, and finally felt that the wind, sea and rain were approaching" (see "Remaining Quotations from Poems of the Past Dynasties"), which proves Su Shi's success. .
The language Su camp also broke the rules and regulations of elegance, absorbing the verses of Tao Yuanming, Li Bai, Du Fu, Han Yu and others into words, and occasionally using spoken language as long as it is appropriate to express one's thoughts And feelings, any words, he dare not Dongpo personality refreshing concise, clear and understandable language style form a comparative study of reflection, such as "Wine Sky ------" ("Miss You") Wall Swing Wall Road Pedestrians outside the wall, the wall is beautiful and smiling------" ("Die Lianhua"), etc., etc., everyone knows such words, natural, fresh, vivid, and accurate.
It can be said, This is because Su Shi boldly innovated, and only one word from the wings of music became an independent literary style.
The meaning of the expression is: "Loop throughput, blurted out:"
Talking about it, we may quote a story: Qin Shaoyou came to Beijing from Kuaiji ------ (Dongpo) asked not to use the word, Qin Ju "small building, even if the court refused to peek into the embroidered hub and carved saddle," Po Yun said: " The word "Thirteen" is only placed in front of a horseman." Mr. Qin Wen recently said: "The word "Thirteen" tells what happened upstairs. ” listed “The Swallow Tower is empty, what is beauty?” Yan Chao Wujiu in the empty lock building said: "Three tables have sealed some things in the Yanzi Tower, how amazing!" (Quoting the wonderful selection of words by sages of the Tang and Song Dynasties) This story can illustrate the differences between Su Shi and Qin Dynasty. Characteristics of the uninhibited elegance and creativity of the faction.
Beautiful and delicate songs are the best in shape, gorgeous, lyrical and euphemistic rhetorical paintings; the bold and unrestrained scene descriptions outline large sums of money, simplicity, It is bright, without rhetoric, and expresses a person's soul directly. It is comparable to the eyes of Li Qingzhao's "Shengshengren" and Su Shi's "Nian Nujiao".
It is far beyond the bold and graceful style of broad subject matter and content. In terms of the art of the two factions, it should be said that the portrayal of the graceful school is truly unique, especially the use of drawing techniques to achieve "as hard as a king, difficult to reach the situation" ("Opening Words 61 Selected Words"). ), this rich artistic expression of calligraphy cannot but be said to be a significant contribution. The success of the painting is also lyrical and euphemistic, which may lead to the artistic realm of the scene seeming to be exquisitely crafted, sad and lacking in spirit.
The restrained Ci School "melts the landscape, expresses emotions, discusses in one furnace, jumps in the turbulent structure, and elegantly establishes a visionary, robust artistic realm, with a clear superhero style. Of course, it is smaller than the graceful school." But like the graceful school, the psychological state is detailed and the specific image and character are described.
Finally, refer to the record of Zun Wenbao's Sword Blowing Record: On the day when Dongpo was in Yutang, the eunuch sang a pleasant song and asked: "What do you think of Qi Qing's words?" He replied: "The doctor The poet had no choice but to perform the song "Willow Bank, Dawn Wind and Waning Moon", a woman of seventeen or eighteen years old, with a bronze pipa and an iron Chuoban, singing "lost everything" BR />This. Sentences can be summed up beautifully by sending different words, bold images and vivid descriptions.
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Other shop speech (from: handsome old carpenter)
In accordance with American law, euphemistic words that reflect life. The writer's exquisite language, sincere emotions, and beautiful artistic images reflect social life in a certain typical sense, and have created a large number of excellent works. The CLS scene, all the flower scenes, and the colorful scenery have served our people for generations. People's love for extensive reading is everlasting.
Elegant words
Words
Going to the floating swallow is more elegant
Formal and refined elegance is called
Strictly euphemistic words of Chenghua's temperament, you are still subtle and beautiful
The language is fresh
The mind sees the twists and turns
The numbers represented, and then and had a great influence on the later poetry circles
Elegance: Liu, Li, Qin, Yong Guanqing
The broad themes of the bold and unconstrained style of poetry. It depicts not only flowers, but also the next month, male love, and female love. A major theme of the military, I prefer to absorb words, which reflect life like poetry. The so-called "silence does not enter, there is nothing that should not enter". The grand, imposing, informal, unscrupulous, and frank advocate of the field, without the main subtlety of the Kuomintang. Long-term critics include Su Shi's "excellent level" comment, "Book Laden's stormy sea" comment, Xin Qiji's "generous" investment rating of "mighty", and the bold faction. The distribution within the Bold and Unconstrained Sect is relatively small, and there are only three distinct branches of the Su Sect, the Xin Sect, and the Shouting Sect. However, although the general term of uninhibited style, the poet's style is also millisecond: Su Shiqing said that Xin Xiong's uninhibited words were somewhat late in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the bold and uninhibited words in the Qing Dynasty were reflected in the thick, rough and bold style of high-rise apartments. The bold poet is obsessed with using allusions, pursues BCH, and talks too much. He has the shortcomings of some articles with uninhibited characters that are not strong in flavor, the meaning of the characters is vague, the images are unknown, and the rhythm is not precise.
Bold words
Su Shi in boldface
The development of Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty reached its peak
Breaking through the obstacles of Yanke< /p>
Speak freely and be willing to speak one's heart
Bold and imaginative style
Grand mood, smooth and easy-to-understand language
A major school is represented by this word: Su Shi and Xin Qiji