One day in midsummer, Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing Dynasty went to Hanlin Painting and Calligraphy Institute to see the original paintings and calligraphy of past dynasties. She asked Zhang Zhidong, an accompanying cabinet scholar, to write ancient poems for her ivory-handled white silk fan. Zhang Zhidong wrote Liangzhou Ci by Wang Zhihuan, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty.
The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain.
Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!
The ancients wrote poems without punctuation. After reading it, Galeries Lafayette found that the word "between" was missing from the first sentence. I think Zhang Zhidong made fun of her for being uneducated. So he was furious and had to behead Zhang Zhidong.
The entourage knelt down together to plead for Zhang Zhidong, and Zhang Zhidong said unhurriedly, "Lafayette, calm down. It was originally a word, so it was called Liangzhou Ci. Later generations found it hard to read, so they added a "space" after "Baiyun" and became a seven-character rhyme.
Zhang Zhidong casually intoned, "The Yellow River is far away in the horizon, and the lonely city is Wan Ren. Why are you complaining about Johnny? Willow spring breeze, not Yumen Pass.
2. Zhang Zhidong said:
Zhang Zhidong (1837- 1909), who is filial, Xiang Tao and the governor, is called "handsome", so everyone calls him "Zhang Xiangshuai". A famous minister in the late Qing Dynasty, a representative of the Westernization School in the Qing Dynasty, was born in Xingyi Prefecture, Guizhou Province, and his ancestral home was Nanpi, Zhili.
Xianfeng two years (1852), 16 years old Shuntianfu altogether, Tongzhi two years (1863), 27-year-old third flower exploration champion, was awarded editing by imperial academy. He has served as a teacher, waiter, lecturer, bachelor of cabinet, governor of Shanxi, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, governor of Huguang and governor of Liangjiang (acting for many times).
Zhang Zhidong was the leader of the Qing school in his early years and later became the main representative of the Westernization School. In education, he founded Qiangzi School (now the predecessor of Wuhan University), Sanjiang Normal School (now the predecessor of Nanjing University), Hubei Agricultural School, Hubei Wuchang Mengyang College, Hubei Technology School, Ci 'en School (Nanpi No.1 Middle School) and Guangya Academy.
Politically, it advocates that "middle school is the body and western learning is the use". In industry, Hanyang Iron Works, Daye Iron Mine and Hubei Gun Works have been established. When Eight-Nation Alliance invaded, Dagubao fell, and Zhang Zhidong, together with Liu Kunyi, Governor of Liangjiang, negotiated with the consul in Shanghai about "mutual protection in the southeast" and suppressed the independent army uprisings of the reformists such as Tang, Gui Lin and Qin Lishan.
In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908)10/month, in order to take care of the life of the minister, Prince Jin Taibao, he died the following year in Shi Wenxiang. There are complete works of Zhang Wenxiang. Zhang Zhidong, Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang and Zuo are called "four famous ministers of ZTE in the late Qing Dynasty".
Extended data:
1, achievements in Confucian classics
Zhang Zhidong is proficient in Confucianism and Confucian classics, and advocates "applying the world to practice". At the age of 24, Zhang Zhidong wrote in a poem about his generation: "Be kind to the family law, be loyal to the country, learn classics for the world, and Ming Dow keeps Confucianism as a treasure." ? [23]? This not only shows the formation of his thought of "being practical", but also indicates his future career. Before and at the beginning of his administration, his activities to revitalize Confucianism were mainly manifested in the following aspects:
(1) Widely set up academies and voluntary schools to expand the scope of Confucianism. When Zhang Zhidong was a scholar, he established Jingxin Academy and Zunjing Academy in Hubei and Sichuan respectively. From the use of Jing in the name of the academy, we can see his intentions. When he was the first governor, he made great achievements, advocating "reducing social capital and expanding learning", "exempting officials from respecting learning", "reviving old chapters in clearing up learning fields" and "raising funds to repair academies" and so on.
(2) Compile Xuan Xuan Yu and Bibliography Q&A to discuss the issue of priests and cultivate the seeds of Confucianism.
Both books were written in 1875, when Zhang Zhidong was studying politics in Sichuan. In these two books, he expounded the academic thought of "applying the world", pointed out the academic path for young students, played the role of "teacher", showed the academic vision that ordinary feudal bureaucrats and scholars could not match, and became a powerful tool to revitalize and develop traditional scholarship with Confucianism as the core in the late Qing Dynasty.
(3) Initiate and take the lead in printing academic books, so as to provide convenience for scholars to study Confucianism. In the bibliography question and answer, Zhang Zhidong once devoted himself to the theory of "encouraging the engraving of books", arguing that "the engraver conveys the essence of the ancient philosophers, enlightens the later scholars, and is also beneficial to the task of helping the poor first, and accumulates goodness into elegance." ? "
Zhang Zhidong likes to study classics. According to his later years, "I like Yi, Li and Chunqiu best. I want to beg my body to come back to my home. It's a pity that I wrote several classics and failed. ? He believes that there are many ways to learn, but first of all, we must be proficient in classics, because learning should be based. This is the "foundation of the body" and the "root of the scholar". "If it has its roots, think all academic, copious who can royal, with its end, also useful. All talents in the world learn from learning, and learning must first seek the classics ... Its trend is natural and its order is natural. "
2. Calligraphy achievements
Zhang Zhidong's calligraphy, calligraphy Su Shi, is well known. He is also good at "counting the body", with vigorous brushwork, handsome and bold, ups and downs. Zhang Zhidong once taught Zhang Peilun's "calligraphy formula" privately, saying that "it is based on two characters, enriched by structure and embellished by pen", which is a common style of his calligraphy.
Baidu Encyclopedia: Zhang Zhidong