First of all, ancient poems are divided into two categories, one is ancient poems, the other is modern poems, including metrical poems and quatrains.
In addition, the difference between Han Yuefu and modern poetry is that the sentence patterns are more flexible and free, the metaphors are widely used, the forms are diverse, and the language is lively. Quatrains and metrical poems pay attention to strict meter, level tone and rhyme, concise language and artistic conception.
"Modern Style" Poetry
Compared with classical poetry, modern poetry came into being later, originated in the Southern Dynasties and matured in the early Tang Dynasty. Among them, the metrical poems are fixed in form and rigorous in meter, with eight sentences each. A single sentence is called antithesis, and a double sentence is called antithesis. Together, they are called couplets. One or two sentences are called first couplet, three or four sentences are called parallel couplet, five or six sentences are called neck couplet, and seven or eight sentences are called tail couplet. Parallel couplets and necklaces are generally antithetical. The first sentence can rhyme but not rhyme, usually the rhyme is flat. Five words are called "Five Laws", seven words are called "Seven Laws", and more than ten sentences are called "Exclusion Law". Among them, quatrains are also called quatrains and quatrains. It seems that half of the metrical poems are intercepted, each with four sentences. As far as its specifications are concerned, some of the couplets behind it are antithetical, similar to the first couplet and parallel couplet of regular poems; Some of the front couplets are antithetical, similar to the neck couplets and tail couplets of rhythmic poems; Some of the couplets are antithetical sentences, similar to the couplets and necklaces of metrical poems; Some don't have to type, similar to the first and last couplet of rhyme. The rhyme of a quatrain is two or four sentences, usually flat rhyme. If the first sentence rhymes, it is also flat. There are two kinds of quatrains: five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains, which are referred to as "five-character quatrains" and "seven-character quatrains" for short.
Modern poetry includes
Quatrain
China's poetic style. Also known as broken sentences, broken sentences and broken poems. Each song has four sentences, usually five or seven words. Known as the five wonders, seven wonders, and occasionally six wonders. It originated from the ballads of the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties. After the Tang Dynasty, quatrains in the near aspect prevailed, and the meter was the same as the first, last or middle four sentences in eight metrical poems. Therefore, some people in the Tang Dynasty attributed quatrains to metrical poems in their poetry collections. Later, some scholars thought that quatrains were formed by cutting off half of orthographic poems. Quatrains are flexible and light, suitable for expressing fleeting thoughts and feelings, widely used by poets, and their creations are more prosperous than others. Jueju is also considered as the Yuefu in Tang Dynasty (which will be explained in detail later).
Lvshi
A modern poem of China. The meter is very strict Originated in the Southern Dynasties, regular poems require the unity of words. Each poem consists of five, six and seven sentences, which are referred to as five, six and seven words for short, of which six words are rare. The usual metrical poems stipulate 8 sentences each. If there are only six sentences, it is called a small law or a three-rhyme poem; More than 8 sentences, that is, 10 sentences, are called exclusive laws or long laws. Usually eight paragraphs are completed, and every two sentences form a couplet, which counts as four paragraphs. It is customary to call the first couplet a title, the second couplet a parallel, the third couplet a neck couplet and the fourth couplet a sentence. The upper and lower sentences of two or three couplets (namely, parallel couplets and neck couplets) of each song must be antithetical sentences. In addition to the first and last couplet, the middle couplet must be duplicated. The dual requirements of secondary laws are more extensive. Rhyme requires the whole poem to rhyme, and the rhyme is limited; The second, fourth, sixth and eighth sentences rhyme, the first sentence can be put on or off, and the words of each rhyming sentence are flat. There are "flat rise" and "flat rise" in the upper and lower sentences. In addition, the metrical requirements of metrical poems also apply to quatrains.
In a word, the difference is that quatrains are four sentences and metrical poems are eight.
Ancient poetry includes
Characteristics of classical poetry
Classical poetry, as opposed to modern poetry. Before the formation of modern poetry, all kinds of poetry genres except Chu Ci. Also known as ancient poetry and ancient style, there are three carriers of "Song", "Xing" and "Yin". Classical poetry is free in meter, without antithesis, even in level, wide in rhyme and unlimited in length. There are four words, five words, six words, seven words and miscellaneous sentences.
Four-character poems no longer exist in modern poetry. Although the word "ancient" is not added, it goes without saying that it is an ancient poem. The ancient poems included in The Book of Songs are mainly four-character poems. Four-character poems were still written in Han Dynasty and Wei and Jin Dynasties. Cao Cao's Looking at the Sea and Tao Yuanming's Stopping Clouds are typical four-character poems.
There are many ancient poems with five words and seven words, referred to as five ancient poems and seven ancient poems for short. The ancient Five Dynasties first appeared in the Han Dynasty. Nineteen ancient poems, all five-character poems. After the Han Dynasty, many people wrote five-character poems. Most of the poems in the Southern and Northern Dynasties are five-character poems, and there are more five-character poems in the Tang Dynasty and later. The appearance of the Seven Ancient Dynasties may be earlier than that of the Five Ancient Dynasties. But before the Tang Dynasty, it was not as common as the Five Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, seven ancient books appeared in large numbers, which were also called long sentences by the Tang people.
Miscellaneous poems are also unique to ancient poetry. Poetry varies in length, from one word to more than one cross. Generally, it is a mixture of three, four, five and seven words, and seven words are the main ones, so it is customarily classified as ancient seven words. There are many miscellaneous poems in The Book of Songs and Han Yuefu folk songs. Since the Han and Wei Dynasties, Yuefu poems have been accompanied by music, including songs, lines, songs and poems. Many Yuefu poems in Tang Dynasty were unhappy. There are various forms of miscellaneous poems in Tang and Song Dynasties: there are seven words mixed with five words, such as Li Bai's Difficult to Go; There are seven words mixed with three words, such as Zhang Lei's Cowherd; There are three or five sentences in the seven words, such as Li Bai's "Into the Wine"; There are seven words mixed with two, three, four, five words to more than ten words, such as Du Fu's "The Hut is Blown by Autumn Wind"; There are four, six and eight characters mixed with five or seven characters, such as Li Bai's "Difficult Road to Shu".
In addition, ancient quatrains also had authors in the Tang Dynasty. All belong to the category of ancient poetry. In the process of development, classical poetry and modern poetry have an interactive relationship. In the late Northern and Southern Dynasties, a new style of poetry appeared, which emphasized rhythm and duality, but had not yet formed a complete rhythm, and was between classical poetry and modern poetry. Some ancient poems in the Tang Dynasty tend to be legalized, and even ancient works are often integrated into modern sentence patterns. However, there are also some ancient poetry writers who consciously distinguish themselves from the near-body, and often use awkward sentences or occasional essays to avoid the law.
Classification of ancient poems
Classical poetry is free in meter, without antithesis, even in level, wide in rhyme and unlimited in length. There are four words, five words, six words, seven words and miscellaneous sentences.
Four fonts
Four-character poems prevailed in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and there were few other poems except Chu Ci.
Four-character poem is the earliest poetic style in ancient times. Four-character poems are the basic genres in The Book of Songs, such as national style, Xiaoya and elegance. In other ancient books of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, such as Mai Xiuge in Historical Records, Notes on Song Chengzi, and Zi Chanyong in Zuo Zhuan, etc. Four fonts are also dominant. It can be seen that from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, the most popular poetic style is four-character poetry, whether it is the upper or lower class of society, whether it is entertainment or sacrificial occasions.
Five fonts
Five-character poetry, ancient poetry genre. Refers to a five-word poem, and the whole poem consists of five words. Five-character poems can accommodate more words, thus expanding the capacity of poems and expressing feelings and narratives more flexibly and meticulously. In terms of syllables, even-odd matching is more musical. Therefore, it is more suitable for the social life developed after the Han Dynasty, thus gradually replacing the orthodox position of four-character poetry and becoming one of the main forms of classical poetry. Modern poetry appeared after the early Tang Dynasty, including five-character poems and five-character quatrains. The five-character poems before the Tang Dynasty are generally called "five-character ancient poems" or "five-character poems".
Five-character poem is a poem with five words in each sentence. As an independent poetic style, it originated in the Western Han Dynasty and matured in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Of course, there are already five sentences in the Book of Songs, such as "Calling the South to Reveal": "Who said that birds have no horns, why wear my house? Who says women are homeless? Why are you going to jail? " Poetry in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties is mainly composed of five words. It shows that the five-character poem was formed in this period. In ancient times, there was a saying that five-character poems originated from the poems of Li Ling and Su Wu, but later generations denied this statement. For example, Su Ruan said: "Li Ling and Su Wu are all false." There are also five statements in Nineteen Ancient Poems, which have not been widely recognized. Generally speaking, the five-character poetry system absorbs the form of folk songs.
An ancient poem with five words per line
Qin Shihuang's ballad "Ballad of the Great Wall": "Be cautious when giving birth to a man, and nurse a woman. I can't see the Great Wall, the body is the pillar. " Is to use five words. Yuefu poems in the Han Dynasty, such as Jiangnan, White-headed Ballad, Sang Shang Mo and Peacock Flying Southeast, are also five words. Generally speaking, the earliest five-character poem written by literati is Ban Gu's epic poem. Five-character sentence pattern is to add a word to each sentence on the basis of four characters and a beat to the rhythm of the sentence to form a beat group of 22 1 or 222. Because different rhythms are used alternately in poetry, the sentence patterns are more diverse and more musical.
Six fonts
Six-character poetry is a genre of old poetry, which is full of six words and one sentence, and is not very popular. It has sprouted in the Book of Songs. Later, the poet occasionally wrote a short poem of six words and four sentences, such as Wang Wei's pastoral song: peach blossoms are full of rain, willow lines are more smoky. The flowers have left home, but the servants have not come back, and the birds are still sleeping.
Six-character loose sentences were first scattered in The Book of Songs. There are single sentences and even sentences. For example, "People in the room make friends with me all the time", "People in the room make friends with me all the time to destroy me" (North Gate of Gaofeng), "I have nothing to do at night" and "I don't sleep at night at work" (Feng Wei) "I moved my stock in May. Because there are so many six-character quatrains in The Book of Songs, Zhiyu and Liu Xie discuss the origin of the six-character poems. However, the six-character poems in The Book of Songs are only scattered sentences, which are relatively rare, and there are no more than two consecutive six-character poems. Therefore, if we think that there has been a complete six-character rhyme in the era of the Book of Songs, there is obviously a lack of sufficient evidence.
When it comes to Chuci, six-character sentences are not only common, but also more than four conjunctions have appeared. The basic sentence pattern of Lisao is "Up to seven and down to six", such as "I would like to ride the jade wind, I would like to ride the wind. The morning sun starts from Cangwu Xi and reaches Xuanpu in the evening. If you want to stay less energetic, it will be dusk. I ordered how to celebrate the festival. I hope you are embarrassed, don't be reluctant. " . If you remove the word "Xi" from the previous sentence, you will actually have the prototype of six-character rhyme. There are even six consecutive sentences in Nine Arguments: "I can't be generous, I'm confused. I feel sorry for myself and my heart is beating. " This is a very noticeable phenomenon. Because, as a kind of poetic style, if it can be a poem independently, it must have at least four sentences, otherwise it can only be regarded as a poem, not a complete poem. It can be said that the sentence patterns in Lisao and a large number of neat six-character quatrains in Chuci laid the foundation for the maturity of six-character poems.
The complete and standardized six-character metrical poem only appeared in Jian 'an period. The earliest and most complete existing six-character poems are Kong Rong's three six-character poems. Kong Rong, one of the seven sons of Jian 'an, is famous for his poems. In poetry creation, on the basis of drawing lessons from The Book of Songs, Songs of the South and two six-character prose poems of Han Yuefu, he created a complete six-character rhythmic poem:
In the Han family, Ye Daowei and Dong Zhuo took advantage of the situation to make a mess, arrogantly abused their authoritarian power, and all officials were afraid, and the people were miserable.
Li Guo was in dispute and moved to Chang 'an to consider returning to China. Looking forward to Kanto's sorrow and dreaming of Cao Gong's return.
From Luo to, Cao Gong served the country selflessly, reducing the sweetness of the kitchen food. The team leader is from Qi Qi. Although he often goes hungry, he misses my bitterness and sadness.
After Kong Rong, both Cao Pi and Cao Zhi had six-character poems handed down from generation to generation. Cao Pi has three six-character poems, among which Li Shihe is the standard six-character poem. The widow's poem is a six-character poem, but because the fourth word of each sentence is "Xi", it can be regarded as a unique style of six-character poem. Poems of Liyang was written by Cao Pi when he passed Liyang in the morning and prepared to cross the Yellow River eastward. The poet looked around Mount Li. "Looking north, my old house is tilted, and there are many tall buildings and thorns. Looking south, the orchard is green and the frost is terrible, which can't help but give birth to the feeling of "I am hurt". The poem Shilin was written by Cao Pi when he was about to become emperor. The first three sentences "Mourning is greater than dying in the heart, and the bones are vertical and horizontal in Wan Li, and mourning is greater than dying in the heart", which expresses the condemnation of Emperor Xian of Han who is about to abdicate, while the sentence "I will arrange it at an appropriate time" inadvertently reveals the poet's ambition and ambition to win the world.
Seven fonts
Seven-character poems include seven-character ancient poems, seven-character metrical poems and seven-character quatrains.
Seven-character ancient poetry genre, the whole article has seven words in each sentence or a poetic style dominated by seven words. It originated from folk songs. In the pre-Qin period, in addition to the seven-character sentence patterns in The Book of Songs and Songs of the South, Xiangcheng Pian in Xunzi was a seven-character miscellaneous verse written by imitating folk songs. In the Western Han Dynasty, there were seven popular rhymes, such as Sima Xiangru's Fan Jiang and You's Jiupian, as well as Louhu Song and Shangjun Song contained in Hanshu. There were many seven-character miscellaneous songs in the Eastern Han Dynasty. For example, Mai Yao, Wu Zaicheng (Sima Biao's Five Elements of Han History) and Huan Er Ge (Bao Puzi's Shen Ju) at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty are all vivid, popular and fluent folk works in seven languages. According to legend, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once called his ministers together and made a seven-character couplet of Bailiangtai. But according to later research, this is an untrue statement and unreliable. Ge Yanxing by Wei is China's first complete seven-character poem of literati. Later, Tang Huixiu and Bao Zhao had seven-character works. Bao Zhao's 18 "Zhun Qi Difficult to Walk" not only greatly expanded the content of the poem, but also changed the rhyme of the original seven-character poem into the rhyme of every other sentence and can be changed, which opened up a new way for the development of the seven-character style. Seven-character poems gradually increased from Liang to Sui, and it was not until the Tang Dynasty that seven-character poems really developed. The appearance of seven-character poems provides a new and bigger form for poetry and enriches the artistic expression of China's classical poems.
Miscellaneous style
Miscellaneous poems, named after the different lengths of sentences in the poems, have variable numbers of words, the shortest is only one word, and the long sentences are more than nine spans, mostly three, four, five and seven words. It is characterized by its relatively free form, which is convenient for expressing thoughts and feelings freely. Any poet who wins by emotion or momentum has a great preference for miscellaneous poems.
The metrical poems in China's ancient poetry reached its peak in the middle Tang Dynasty (the representative poet was Du Fu). Because its poetic beauty space has been excavated by the great poets in the Tang Dynasty, the metrical poems in China in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties developed into miscellaneous poems, which formed a backlash against the metrical poems, resulting in some rigidity in form and eventually shaped into a systematic form of "Ci". Ci finally developed to the height of "a generation of literature" and made great achievements.
HanYueFu
? Yuefu is a special official institution established since the Qin Dynasty, which is responsible for distributing music, training musicians and collecting folk songs. Han Yuefu refers to the poems collected by Yuefu organs in Han Dynasty. These poems were originally circulated among the people and preserved through Yuefu, which was called "Song Poetry" by Han people and "Yuefu" or "Han Yuefu" in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Poems written by later scholars imitating this form are also called "Yuefu Poems".
According to Han Shu Literature and Art Annals, "there are generations of Zhao, Qin and Chu, all because of sadness and joy, and we can also observe customs and know thick clouds". It can be seen that this part of the work is the essence of Han Yuefu. According to Records of Historical Records of Le Shu, the establishment of Han Yuefu was not later than the second year of Emperor Huidi of the Han Dynasty (193 BC), but when Emperor Wudi collected folk songs, he learned that it was collected at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and * * * collected 138 folk songs. There are 65,438+000 volumes of Yuefu poems compiled by Guo Maoqian, a poet in the Song Dynasty, which are divided into 65,438+02 categories (Jiaomiao Ci, Yanshe Ci, Advocacy Ci, Hengchui Ci, Harmony Ci, Qing Shang Ci, Dance Ci, Qin Ci, Miscellaneous Ci, Modern Poetry, Miscellaneous Ci, New Yuefu Ci). There are more than 40 folk songs in Yuefu poems, most of which are works of the Eastern Han Dynasty. They widely and profoundly reflected the sufferings of the people at the bottom of the society at that time, with strong flavor of life, intense and frank emotional expression, simple and natural form, mainly miscellaneous words and five words, fresh and lively language, superior to narrative, and laid the foundation for China's ancient narrative poems.
Han Yuefu is another great collection of ancient folk songs after The Book of Songs. Different from the Book of Songs (also realism), it created a new style of poetic realism. Women's works play an important role in the folk songs of Han Yuefu. It uses popular language to construct works close to life, from miscellaneous words to five words, depicts characters in detail with narrative writing, shapes distinctive characters, completes the story, highlights ideological connotation and pays attention to describing typical details, which opens up a new stage in the development of narrative poetry, which is an important stage in the development of five-word poetry in the history of Chinese poetry. Han Yuefu has a very high position in the history of literature, which can keep pace with The Book of Songs and Songs of the South.
Shang Mo Sang and Peacock Flying Southeast are both folk songs of Han Yuefu, and Peacock Flying Southeast is the longest narrative poem in ancient China. Peacock Flying Southeast and Mulan Poetry are both called "Yuefu Shuangbi". [2]
Creation background
Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, wars have been waged frequently, and a large number of soldiers have been recruited, resulting in a large number of deaths of the people and the destruction of many families. The brushwork of The Battle of the South not only involves the desolation of the battlefield, but also extends to a vast social space, describing the destruction of social order and the waste of agricultural production by war. The 15th conscription used "15th conscription" and "return in the early 1980s" to describe the darkness of the military service system. The huge distance between the two characters is frightening, which not only brings personal tragedy, but also causes the tragedy of "countless pine and cypress graves" in the family.
This story is based on materials.
Busy places (hotels, Kyoto) and emergencies are the objects that the author likes to describe.
? Some representative works tell stories with complete plots. Such as gynecological diseases, orphans, peacocks flying southeast, and so on. Sometimes the plot twists and turns. "Peacock Flying Southeast" buckled the contradiction between Lan Zhi's faithful love and feudal autocracy, and developed a rich and tortuous plot. Lan Zhi was unbearable and invited to return, causing waves; Zhong Qing's intercession seems to have calmed the contradiction, but Jiao Mu's attitude is outrageous and the contradiction is more acute. Liu Jiao's vows before breaking up eased the conflict a little. Lan Zhi was forced to remarry, which aggravated the contradiction. The plot is ups and downs, full of twists and turns. Yuefu poems in Han Dynasty created a number of vivid characters. He writes people with great skill. Or express the character through the words and deeds of the characters, or use the environment and scenery to set off the character image. A woman's sick trip, an orphan's trip, the dialogue in Shang Mo Sang, the behavior of the characters in Peacock Flying Southeast and the environmental atmosphere all effectively depict the characters.
Expand and develop
The expansion and development of Yuefu in the Western Han Dynasty was in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. The Book of Rites and Music in Han Dynasty said: "By the time Emperor Wu made a decision, Yuefu was established, reading poems at night, entrusted by Zhao, Dai, Qin and Chu. I thought that the master of the law would lead dozens of people to write poems and poems. Legally, he wrote an eight-tone song with 19 chapters. On the first day of the first month, people worship the hills with sweet springs, making seventy boys and girls sing. " During the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, the function of Yuefu was further strengthened. Yuefu not only organized literati to create songs and poems for the court, but also collected ballads from all over the country. Many folk songs are sung in Yuefu and handed down. The Yuefu poems created by literati are no longer limited to the banquet and Song Like in An Shi Fang, but also sung during the sacrifice to heaven, and the status of Yuefu poems has been obviously improved. According to "Han Shu Guan Bai Gong Qing Biao", when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was in power, the Yuefu Order consisted of three officials. According to the History of Rites and Music in Han Dynasty, by the end of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Yuefu had more than 800 employees and became a large-scale music institution. From Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Yuefu flourished for more than one hundred years. Emperor Ai ascended the throne and ordered the dismissal of Yuefu officials. A large number of Yuefu personnel were laid off, and the rest were placed under the jurisdiction of the order. Since then, there has been no Yuefu organizational system in the Han Dynasty.
The organ in charge of music in the Eastern Han Dynasty also belonged to two systems. One is Taiyue Music Department, and the chief executive is Taiyue Music Order, which is equivalent to Taiyue Music Order in the Western Han Dynasty and belongs to Taichangqing. One is the propaganda department of Huangmen, in charge of Cheng Hualing, belonging to Shaofu. The name of Huang Men's advocacy has existed since the Western Han Dynasty, and it has a very close relationship with Yuefu. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Huangmen Propaganda Department, which was in charge of Cheng Hualing, provided songs for the ministers who enjoyed the banquet, which actually played the role of Yuefu in the Western Han Dynasty. Yuefu poems in the Eastern Han Dynasty were mainly sung by Huangmen Propaganda Department, so they were preserved. Symphony songs: mainly music songs written by noble literati for sacrifice, which are gorgeous, elegant and thoughtless. For example, Chapter 17 of Song in Anshifang (Chu Yin) and Chapter 19 of Song of Suburb Sacrifice.
Music background: Source: (1) Qin Le (2) Chule.
1, advocating music: Also known as piccolo and cymbals, it is northern music imported from northern nationalities in the early Han Dynasty. The lyrics were written later, and the content was more complicated. Mainly folk creation.
2. Harmony lyrics: Music is folk music collected from all over the country, and the lyrics are mostly "street talk". Among them, there are many masterpieces, which are the essence of Han Yuefu.
3. Miscellaneous songs: Among them, many tunes are unknown. Because there is no classification, it is a category of its own. There are some excellent folk songs in it.
Why is the order of 300 Tang poems like this?
First of all, what kind of anthology is 300 Tang Poems? Obviously, Sun Zhu made it quite clear in the preface:
"Secular children go to school, that is, to give them thousands of poems, good back, so don't waste. However, his poems are easy to pick up, clumsy and forbidden by the May 7th Law, while the Tang and Song Dynasties are mixed, which is a very good system. Because it is very famous in Tang poetry, so choose the most important, each body has dozens of poems. * As the saying goes, "I am proficient in 300 Tang poems, and I can recite them even if I can't. "Please take this as a test."
Obviously, this anthology is a textbook for children to learn and an introductory anthology. As a children's book, what is the most important consideration? Easy to understand and recite. From this point of view, modern poems (metrical poems and rhymes) are more catchy than classical poems, and generally speaking, metrical poems (especially rhymes) are shorter and easier to remember. According to this consideration, why are ancient poems, regular poems and quatrains in the last order?
Obviously, as an introductory anthology, Sun Zhu considers what is the correct way to learn poetry, that is, the entries need to be correct. This probably includes two aspects. First, the content is positive; First, skills are positive. The content is mainly ideas, attitudes and values, which has little to do with the topic and will not be expanded. Talk about positive skills. Since the Tang Dynasty, there have been discussions about classical poetry and metrical poetry. In other words, ancient poetry has multiple advantages, lyrical and vivid, and it is more important than xing; However, at the beginning of rhythmic poetry, due to the pursuit of rhythmic skills, the game between scholars is more meaningful and relatively lacking in expressing emotions. Therefore, it is generally believed that learning metrical poetry at the beginning is easy to become superficial because of the pursuit of metrical poetry. The correct path is to start with ancient poems with strong personality, pay attention to emotion and cultivate self-confidence.
Between metrical poems and quatrains, quatrains are generally considered to be short, crowded and especially difficult to write. Therefore, according to such a poetic concept, Three Hundred Tang Poems finally presents the arrangement order of ancient poems, regular poems and quatrains.