Category: Culture/Art
Problem description:
As the title. The pronunciation and meaning of difficult words. The main idea of ??the article
Analysis:
Binfeng: Bin (bin bīn): the name of the ancient city, also known as 邠, the old city is in the west of Xunyi County, Shaanxi Province today. The ancestor of the Zhou clan moved here from Tai (southwest of today's Wugong County, Shaanxi Province). "Bin Feng" is a folk song from the Bindi area. It consists of seven chapters, all produced in the Western Zhou Dynasty. It is the earliest poem in "Guo Feng".
The fire flows in July, and the clothes are given in September. On the first day, there is hair, and on the second day, the body is strong. How can one die without clothes or brown? On the third day, he was in Shu, and on the fourth day, he raised his toes. My wife and I are at odds with our mother in the south. Tian Ji is very happy.
The fire flows in July, and the clothes are given in September. On a sunny day in spring, Cang Geng is heard singing. The woman holds the Yi basket, follows his subtle movements, and seeks the softness of love. The spring day is late, and I am picking Qi Qi. The woman's heart is sad, and she is almost as dead as her son.
In July, there is flowing fire, in August, there is grass and grass. Silkworms, moon strips and mulberry trees, take the axe. To attack Yuanyang, I will fight against that female mulberry. In July, the tune is played, and in August, achievements are recorded. Zai Xuan Zai Huang, I, Zhu Kongyang, am the prince.
In April, the vines show, and in May, the worms sing. In the eighth month it was harvested, and in the tenth month it fell. On the first day of the year, a raccoon dog was harvested, and the fox was taken from it, and it was made into a child's fur. On the same day, they showed off their martial arts skills. If you talk about keeping your pigs to yourself, you can offer pigeons to the public.
In May the katydids move their stock, and in June the partridge flutters its feathers. July is outdoors, August is in the house, September is at home, and in October crickets come under my bed. The dome suffocates the smoked rats and marches towards Yihu. My wife said that she wanted to change her age, so she came into this room.
In June, Yu and Azuris are eaten, and in July, Kui and Shu are eaten. Peel dates in August and harvest rice in October. For this reason, spring wine is used to promote eyebrows and longevity. In the seventh month, I eat melons, in the eighth month, I cut off the pots, in the ninth month, I gather tea and firewood. Eat my farmer.
In September, fields and gardens were built, and in October, crops were harvested. The millet and millet are heavy on the grain, and the hemp and wheat are heavy. Shame on me, farmer! Since my family is the same, I have entered the palace to perform the merits. During the day, you stay on the thatch, and at night, you pick up the silk curtains. If you are in need of shelter, you will start to sow hundreds of grains.
On the second day, the ice was cut and rushed, and on the third day, it was collected in the cold sky. On the fourth day, when there are no fleas, sacrifice a lamb to a leek. The frost is eliminated in September, and the fields are washed away in October. When we have a drink and a feast, we talk about killing the lamb. Enter his court and call him "Longevity without Borders"!
[Explanation]
This poem describes the farmers' work throughout the year. Most of the labor is for the public, and a small part is for oneself. The poem is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter is written from the end of winter to the beginning of spring plowing. The second chapter writes about women's sericulture. The third chapter describes the production of cloth and clothing materials. Chapter 4 is about hunting wild beasts. Chapter 5 writes that the year is coming to an end and I have to pack up my house for the winter. Chapter 6 talks about collecting fruits and vegetables and making wine, both of which are for the public. The food he collects for himself is melon gourd (huhù), pockmarked seeds, bitter herbs and the like. Chapter 7 writes about doing house repairs or indoor work for the public after the harvest is completed, and then repairing his own hut. The last chapter describes the work of cutting ice and the annual end-of-year drink.
[Notes]
1. Flowing Fire in July: Fire (ancient reading is like destruction), or big fire, the name of the star is the heart. Every year in the fifth month of the lunar calendar, at dusk, this star is directly in the south, that is, in the middle and highest position. After June, it moves westwards and downwards, which is called "flow".
2. Clothing: hand over the work of tailoring winter clothes to female workers. Things like silk and linen are over in September, so I start making winter clothes at this time.
3. January: the day of the first month after October. The following two days, three days, etc. are similar to this. It is the method of keeping track of days in the Bin calendar.
4. 觱 (bi bì): the sound of strong wind touching objects.
5. Li Lie: or "bitter", describing coldness.
6. Brown: coarse cloth.
7. Yu: still means "for". Weixu (like sì) means repairing Lei (lei lěi) (a tool for plowing and raising soil).
8. Toe (zhǐ): foot. "Lift your toes" means to plow the fields.
9. Noodles (Yè): giving food. Mu: refers to the field body. The fields are plowed into a number of ridges, with acres at the top and ridges at the bottom. The field ridges running east-west are called "East Mu", and those running north-south are called "South Mu". These two sentences refer to women and boys going to the fields to deliver food to the cultivators.
10. Tian Zhen (jun jùn): the name of a farming official, also known as Nong Zheng or Tian Dafu.
11. Spring: refers to February. Contains: Beginning. Yang: Warmth.
12. Cang Geng: The name of the bird is the oriole.
13. Yi: deep.
14. Microwalk: small path (mulberry road).
15. Yuan: The word is like "曰". Rousang: newly born mulberry leaves.
16. Chi Chi: means longevity.
17. Fan (traditional fán): a member of the Asteraceae family, that is, Artemisia annua. The ancients used it for sacrifices, and women had "teaching sacrifices" before getting married. It is said that using wormwood to "fertilize" silkworms makes it easier for silkworms to come out, so silkworm farmers need it. The method is unknown. Qi Qi: numerous (referring to those who pick fennel).
18. Gongzi: refers to the son of the king. Almost returning home with the young master: It means that he is afraid of being forced by the young master to take him home. One theory refers to the fear of being taken away as a dowry by a female young master.
19. 萑 (huán) reed: reed. In August, the reed grows and can be harvested to make foil.
20. Silkworm Moon: refers to March. Strip mulberry: Prune mulberry trees.
21. 樨 (gunqiāng): an ax with a square hole.
22. Yuanyang: refers to branches that grow too long and rise high.
23. Yi (yiyi): "Shuowen" and "Guangya" are written as "掎(ji jǐ)", which means pulling. "掳掳" means pulling mulberry branches with hands to pick leaves. The Southern Dynasty Yuefu poem "Picking Mulberry Du" says: "Tie strings to pick spring mulberries, and there will be so many leaves when picking them." It seems that you first tie the mulberries with a rope and then pull the rope to pick. Female Sang: Xiao Sang.
24. Coil (bureau jú): the name of the bird, that is, shrike.
25. Xuan: It is black and red in color. Xuan and Huang refer to the dyeing of silk fabrics and linen fabrics.
26. Zhu: Red. Yang: bright. The above two sentences say that dyeing includes black, yellow and vermilion, and the vermilion color is particularly vivid.
27. 载 (waist yāo): the name of the plant, today’s name is Polygala. Xiufeng: It means Yuanyuanzhi is strong.
28. Wei (tiáo): cicada.
29. Fallen leaves: falling leaves.
30. Raccoon dog (mà): means "祃". The ceremony in which field hunters practice martial arts is called the Xun Festival or the Raccoon Dog Festival. Yu Raccoon Dog: I want to hold a Raccoon Dog Festival. "Zheng Jian": "Yu raccoon dog (brown hè), I went to play raccoon dog for myself."
31. Same as: gathering, which means gathering everyone before hunting.
32. Zuan: Continue. Martial arts: refers to field hunting.
33. 豵 (Zong zōng): a one-year-old piglet, used here to represent smaller beasts. Privately owned: Small beasts are the property of the hunter.
34. Pi (shoulder jiān): a three-year-old pig, representing a big beast. The big beast is dedicated to the public.
35. Grasshopper (ultimate zhōng): name of insect, locust, namely grasshopper, grasshopper. It is said in the past that the katydid makes sounds with two strands that are in contact with each other, and "moving strands" means that it makes a sound.
36. Sha (蓑suō) chicken: the name of the insect, today’s name is the weaver girl. Zhenyu: To make a sound by blowing the wings.
37. The above four sentences all refer to crickets. They are first in the wild, then move under the roof (that is, under the eaves), then move indoors, and finally under the bed. Its sound is said to come from far away.
38. Dome: exhausted, cleared. Stifle (to zhì): blockage. Qiongzhi: It means to clear out the crowded corners in the room. Only when they are emptied can rats be smoked out.
39. To: the window facing north. 墐: Apply mud. The door leaf of a poor family is made of firewood and bamboo, and is painted with mud to make it airtight.
40. Said: "Hanshu" quoted as "迿 (玉yù)", the word. Changing the Year: It means that the old year is coming to an end and the new year is coming.
41. Yu: plant name, Tang Di and the like. The tree is five or six feet tall and its fruits are red like plums. 薁(yuyù): The name of the plant, the fruit is as big as longan. One is said to be wild grapes.
42. Shu: the general name of beans.
43. Peel: pronounced as "pounce", to hit.
44. Spring wine: Wine making in winter begins in spring and is called "spring wine". Dates and rice are both raw materials for wine making.
45. Introduction: Pray. Meishou: Longevity. When people grow old, they have hair between their eyebrows, which is called beautiful eyebrows, so longevity is called Meishou.
46. Pot: gourd.
47. Uncle: Pick up. Ju (Ju jū): The seeds of autumn hemp are edible.
48. Ailanthus (out of chū): the name of the tree, Ailanthus altissima. Xin Ao: It means picking acanthus wood for salary.
49. Field: It is a threshing ground. Garden: It’s a vegetable garden. The place where the vegetable garden is made in spring and summer is used as a field in autumn and winter, so the field and garden are connected into one word.
50. Na: put into the barn. Jia: The ancient pronunciation is like "古". He Jia: A common name for cereals.
51. Heavy (zhǒng): namely "seed", which is the grain that is planted first and then matures. 穋(路lù): That is 稑(路lù), 稑 is the grain that is planted later and ripens first.
52. Hema Shumai: The "He" in this sentence refers specifically to a kind of grain, which is today's millet.
53. Gong: something. Palace work: refers to the construction of palaces, or indoor matters.
54. Suo: verb, refers to making rope. 绹(Tao táo): rope. Suo Xu: It means to tie the rope. The last two sentences say that you gather thatch during the day and tie rope at night.
55. Urgent: Urgent. Chengwu: build a house. Thatch and rope are both things needed to build a house. After completing the above three sentences, he hurriedly repaired his house. Because Bogu's work was about to start again, there was no need to rush.
56. Chongchong: The ancient pronunciation is like "shen", the sound of cutting ice.
57. Ling: It is the gathered water. Yin: refers to the place where ice is hidden.
58. Flea: pronounced as "claw", take. This sentence refers to getting ice.
59. Sacrificing lambs and leeks: This sentence means using lambs and leeks to worship ancestors. "Book of Rites·Yue Ling" says that lambs are offered to open the ice in the middle of spring, and the fourth day is exactly the middle of spring.
60. Sushuang: It still sounds like "Sushuang", and it is spoken in two tones. This sentence means that the weather in September is clear and refreshing.
61. Cleaning field: Clean the place. This sentence means that the farming work is completely finished in October and the site is cleaned up. When it comes to "washing field", it means "cleaning up", and "cleaning up in October" means that in October, all the vegetation is shaken off.
62. Pengjiu: Two bottles of wine. The following sentence is about Yanle at the end of the year.
63. Enter: ascend. Court: It may refer to a public place, not necessarily the king's court.
64. Weigh: Lift.
兕觥 (similar to Gong sì gōng): Jiaojue. An ancient wine vessel made of animal horns.
65. Ten thousand: big. Boundless: infinite. The above three words are raised in the hall, and I wish you longevity.
[Today's translation]
In July, Mars sinks to the west, and in September, people wear cold clothes. The north wind screams in the winter moon, the cold in the twelfth lunar month increases, and I don’t have a single piece of coarse cloth clothes. How can I survive the New Year! In the first month of the year, we work on edging and in February, we work in the fields. Women and children work together, delivering soup and rice to the edge of the ridge. Mr. Tian Guan smiled.
In July, Mars sinks to the west, and in September, people wear cold clothes. The sun is so good in spring, and the orioles are busy singing. The girls picked up tall baskets and walked on the path to collect sericulture. In the spring, the sun is slow and the white wormwood is collected enough. The girls were worried, fearing that the young master would take them away.
In July, Mars sinks to the west, and in August, the reed stalks will be harvested well. In March, when pruning mulberry branches, I picked up an ax and a plow, cut off any branches that were too long, and pulled the branches to pick young mulberries. The shrike is still shouting in July, but Ji Ma is even busier in August. The dyed silk can be either black or yellow, and the scarlet one is more beautiful. I have to make clothes for the young master.
In April, Polygala is knotting, and in May, cicadas are cackling. The grain is harvested in August and the leaves are dropped in October. In the winter months, I have to hunt raccoons, catch foxes, and make fur coats for the young master. In the twelfth lunar month, everyone gathered again to hunt and practice martial arts. The small wild boar is for myself, and the big wild boar is for the father-in-law.
In May, the katydid snaps its legs, and in June, the weaver girl flutters her wings. In July, crickets are in the wilds, in August they are under the eaves, in September they crow at the door, and in October they move down the bed. The fire smoked the rats, all the holes were plugged up, the north window was plugged up, and the firewood door was covered with mud. I called my son and my old wife to come and move into the house now that the New Year is coming.
Eat hawthorn cherries in June, and cook sunflower beans and beans in July. Dates are beaten in August, rice is boiled in October, and sweet wine called frozen mash is made. After drinking it, the elderly feel full. Pick melons in July and gourds in August. In September, we harvest pockmarks, pick some bitter herbs and collect some firewood, and we farmers will make our mouths dry. (Pa: Yin Hu hú, subsistence.)
The threshing floor is laid out in September, and the grain is put into the warehouse in October. Grain early and late, yellow rice and sorghum, sesame, beans and wheat. We mud-legged men! The crops in the fields have just been harvested, and errands have to be done in the city. During the day, we cut a lot of thatch, and at night, we cut the straw until it grew long. We quickly built the house, and we were busy plowing the fields and sowing seeds.
In December, ice is made to make a sound. In the first month, it is carried and stored in an ice cellar. In February, ice is taken for sacrifices and leeks and lambs are offered. There is frost in September and sweeping in October. Hold two bottles of wine and kill a sheep.
They all went to the father-in-law's hall, raised their horn cups on their heads, and wished "Longevity without borders"!