1. Metaphor
Comparing one thing or situation to another. It can be divided into simile, metaphor and metonymy. It has the function of highlighting the characteristics of things and visualizing abstract things.
For example: "Looking at the scenery of Dongting in the distance, there is a green snail in the silver plate" (Liu Yuxi's "Looking at Dongting") The poem cleverly uses "snail" as a comparison, comparing the mountains under the bright moonlight to the mountains in the silver plate. The green snails have elegant colors and blend into the landscape. In addition to making the image depicted in the poem more vivid, metaphor can also reflect the modal characteristics of the image.
For example: "Zheng Peng left the fortress of Han Dynasty, and the returning geese entered Hu Tian." (Wang Wei's "Envoy to the Fortress") The poet compared himself with "Peng" and "Wild Geese", saying that he was like following the wind The departing fluffy grass appeared in the "Hansai" and entered the "Hutian" like the "returning geese" flying north. In ancient poems, flying puffs are often used to describe wanderers, but here they are used to describe a minister with a mission to the court, which is a metaphor for the poet's inner anger and depression. The author's mission happened to be in spring. On the way, he saw several lines of returning geese flying north. The poet created a metaphor based on the scene and used the returning geese to compare himself. He not only narrated the story but also described the scenery. It was two strokes in one stroke, which was appropriate and natural.
2. Analogy
Describing things as people is called personification, or describing people as things is called imitation. Comparison has the effect of prompting readers to make associations and making the described people, objects, and events more vivid and vivid.
For example: "The frost bird steals its eyes when it wants to come down, and the white butterfly knows how to join and break its soul" (Lin Bu's "Little Plum in the Mountain Garden") This couplet uses anthropomorphic techniques. "First steal the eyes" expresses how much the white crane loves the plum blossoms. It can't wait to peek at the plum blossoms before it can fly down; The affection is exaggerated to the extreme.
Yong of Willows by He Zhizhang
The jasper is as high as a tree, with thousands of green silk ribbons hanging down.
I don’t know who cut out the thin leaves. The spring breeze in February is like scissors.
This poem is contrary to the previous writing method. It does not use the soft image of willow to describe the beauty's slender figure. Instead, it uses anthropomorphic techniques to make the willow appear as the beauty "jasper", vividly depicting the beauty. The graceful willows.
Good rain on a spring night by Du Fu
Good rain knows the season, and spring will happen.
Sneak into the night with the wind, moisturizing things silently.
The wild paths are all dark with clouds, but the river boats are only bright with fire.
Looking at the red and wet place at dawn, the flowers are heavy on the official city.
The poem delicately and vividly describes the scene of rain on a spring night, and uses personification to describe the magic of rain at night, and the joy is vividly expressed on the page.