Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi
The Tian family has less leisure in the month, and people are twice as busy in May.
In the evening, the south wind rises and the wheat turns yellow.
A woman's husband is hungry and her child is pregnant with pot pulp.
Go with Tian Xiang. Ding Zhuang is in Nangang.
Summer is steaming and rustic, and the back is burning.
I don't know about the heat, but I regret the long summer.
Another poor woman, holding her son,
Grab the ear with your right hand and hang the basket with your left arm.
Listening to his words of concern is very sad.
My family's taxes are gone, so I can take this to satisfy my hunger.
What are my advantages today? I have never been involved in farming and mulberry.
There are 300 stones in the land, and there is surplus grain in the year of Yan.
I am ashamed to read this in private, and I can't forget it every day.
translate
Farmers seldom have free months. When May comes, people are busier.
At night, the south wind blew, and the wheat covered on the ridge was ripe and yellow.
Women use bamboo baskets to pick food and children's hand-held pots to hold water.
Follow each other to deliver food in the fields, and the men who collect wheat are all in Nangang.
Their feet were smoked by the heat of the ground and their backs were basking in the hot sun.
Tired as if I didn't know it was hot, I just cherished the long summer.
I saw a poor woman standing beside the wheat harvester with her child in her arms.
He held the picked ears of wheat in his right hand and hung a broken basket in his left arm.
Listening to her look at others, everyone who hears her feels sorry for her.
Because of paying rent and taxes, all the fields at home have been sold out, so we have to pick up some ears of wheat to satisfy our hunger.
What achievements have I made now, but I don't have to engage in farming and sericulture.
Get a salary of 300 stone meters a year, and there will be surplus food at the end of the year.
I am ashamed to think of these things, and I will never forget them day and night.
To annotate ...
Cut (y): cut. The title bet is "At that time, I was the county magistrate".
Cover (fù) long (lǒng) yellow: When the wheat is yellow, it will cover the ridge. Cover: cover. Dragon: the same as "ridge", here refers to the ridge where crops are planted in farmland, and here refers to wheat fields in general.
Daughter-in-law: Daughter-in-law and mother-in-law, generally referring to women here. Lotus: Rice in a bamboo basket. H: shoulders, shoulders. Fast food: food packed in bamboo baskets.
Childishness (zhi): children carry soup and water jiāng the pot. Slurry: a slightly sour drink in ancient times, sometimes referring to rice wine or soup.
(Xi) Tian: Send meals to people who work in the fields.
Ding Zhuang: Young and middle-aged man. Nangang (gāng): Place name.
All steaming rusts, burns the back, and burns the sun: the feet are smoked by the hot air on the ground, and the back is baked by the hot sun.
But: only. Cherish: hope.
It refers to farmers who are working. Side: Same as "side".
Holding the ears of wheat picked from the ground. Bing, take it. Get lost, get lost
Hang: Carry it. Our (b √) basket: broken basket.
Care for each other: look at each other and tell each other. C: Look, look.
Audience: Bai Juyi refers to himself. Wèi: Sadness (omitting "ambition").
Shuì √: House rental tax. Lose, pass, extend to give, give.
Me: the author himself.
Céng doesn't work in agriculture or mulberry: he has never worked in agriculture. Zeng: All the time, never. Things: engage in. Agriculture and mulberry industry: agriculture and sericulture.
Li (Li) Lu (Li) 300 stone (dàn): At that time, Bai Juyi was appointed as the magistrate of Zhouzhi County, with an annual salary of about 300 stone meters. Stone: an ancient unit of capacity, with ten buckets as one stone (pronounced Dan in ancient times).
Yan (Yan): At the end of the year. Yan, it's late
Read this: think about this.
All day: all day, all day.
Make an appreciative comment
Seeing Wheat Cutting is a poem written by Bai Juyi when he was a county magistrate in zhouzhi county, and he felt the hard-working and poor life of the local people. The work criticizes the heavy taxes that caused people's poverty, and feels deeply guilty about not doing anything with enough food and drink, showing the humanitarian spirit of a conscientious feudal official. This poem was written in the second year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (807), when the poet was thirty-six years old. Zhouzhi county is located in the west of Xi City, Shaanxi Province. The county commandant is responsible for catching thieves and collecting taxes in the county. Because Bai Juyi is in charge of this matter; Therefore, he is most aware of the disaster suffered by the working people: the poet is very ashamed to think that he is not diligent but has enough to eat. So I spoke frankly and expressed my deep sympathy for the working people.
The whole poem is divided into four layers, the first layer is four sentences, explaining time and its environmental atmosphere. As the saying goes, "Tian Jia has less leisure in the month, and people are twice as busy in May". The following things will happen in May when people are twice as busy. These two sentences always affect the whole body, revealing the author's sympathy for the working people at the beginning; "At night, the south wind rises and the wheat is covered with yellow." There is a harvest scene, and the big picture is pleasing to the eye. But who can think of the sadness of farmers under this harvest scene?
Eight sentences on the second floor show this "busy" wheat harvest scene through specific families. Mother-in-law and daughter-in-law are carrying rice baskets, while little grandson is carrying a kettle. They are going to deliver meals to people who work in the fields. Men go to the fields before dawn; After getting up, women are busy with housework before cooking; The little grandson went to the fields with his grandma and mom when they were delivering food. They will work with the men after supper. Do you think this family is busy? "It was full of the heat of the country, and my back was burned by the sun. I don't know about heat, but I regret the long summer. " These four sentences describe the wheat harvest positively. Their faces face the earth and their backs face the blue sky. The bottom is steamed like a cage, and the top is roasted like fire. However, they waved their sickles with all their strength and cut them all the way forward. It seems that they have completely forgotten the heat, because this is "the tiger's mouth grabs the food", and time must be seized! Reluctant to waste. The weather is so hot and the days are so long, but people work hard and are afraid of wasting a little time, which shows how much people cherish the wheat they are about to get. The word "pity" is well used here, which is a kind of writing that goes against human nature to highlight the emotional strength of people here and now. Bai Juyi's "Charcoal Man" has a saying that "poor clothes are simple, my heart is worried about charcoal, and my eyes are cold". The usage of the word "wish" is exactly the same as that of the word "cherish" here.
In three stories and eight sentences, the camera turned to a poor woman who was ruined by taxes. At present, she can only make a living by harvesting wheat ears, which is one level lower than the above-mentioned families who are busy harvesting wheat ears. Look at her image: a child in her left hand, a broken bamboo basket in her arms, and a fallen ear of wheat in her right hand. How tired you are, and how little you get! But what can we do? Now it's time to harvest the wheat, and there are still ears to pick. If you want to change, you must beg in the street. Last year and the year before last, her family also had land to plant and a family that Michael wanted to collect. It was only later that taxes were cornered and family property and land were changed, which led to this situation today. The fourth floor, six sentences, the poet feels guilty and ashamed of such a tragic scene under the bumper harvest.
The title of the work is "Watching the Wheat Harvest", but what actually appears on the screen is a wheat harvester next to the wheat harvester, and the author's attention is just more focused on the latter. At present, they are rich and poor in different degrees, but their fate is closely related. Gleaner, who is sad and poor today, was a hard and busy reaper yesterday; I also know that today's hard-working wheat harvester will not be reduced to miserable and miserable wheat pickers tomorrow. As long as there are heavy taxes, the working people will never escape bankruptcy. Here, the author sharply criticized the tax system that harmed the people at that time and expressed deep sympathy for the suffering of the working people. Moreover, it is not general sympathy, but further putting yourself in, feeling that you are too different from the working people and feel guilty. Bai Juyi's poems at this time truly reflect the thoughts and feelings of the working people and breathe out their voices.
The basic feature of this poem is to describe the real life scene truthfully, without exaggeration. He chose the busy family and the bleak gleaning scene, which made them form a strong contrast. Although the former is bitter and tired, there is still hope for them for the time being. As for the latter, it is completely broken duckweed, which is in jeopardy. The scenes, atmosphere, image and psychology shown by the two lenses are very good.
The poet linked the pain of farmers' life with the ease of his own life, feeling ashamed and unable to calm down for a long time. This lyric text is the essence of the whole poem. It is the product of the author's touching feelings and shows the poet's deep sympathy for the working people. Bai Juyi wrote satirical poems with the aim of "only making people sick, and I hope the emperor knows." In this poem, he made a sharp contrast between the peasants and himself as a court official with his own personal feelings, that is, he hoped that the "son of heaven" was affectionate and tactful, which could be described as well-intentioned.
Further reading: the essence of anecdotes is a waist.
Plain mouth and thin waist, storing prostitutes for fun, began in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, more common in the Tang Dynasty. In order to get rid of the troubles of life, Bai Juyi indulged himself with prostitutes' music and poems. There are more than a dozen prostitutes whose names are known from his poems, among which Xiaoman and Su Fan are the most famous. Tang Mengbang's "Poetry of Feeling Things" records: "Bai Shangshu is good at singing and prostitutes are good at dancing. It tastes like a poem: cherry Su Fan mouth, willow waist ".
When Bai Juyi was in his sixties, he was paralyzed by the wind, so he sold the good horse and asked Su Fan to leave him to get married. However, his horse brayed and could not bear to leave. Su Fan also said with tears, "Master, you have been here for five years, and you are not surprised at all. I have been a vegetarian for ten years, and there is nothing wrong with it. Although this plain face is ugly, it has not been ruined. Luo Li is still strong, with nothing. That is, Luo Zhili can still lead; Song vegetarian dishes can also be given to the host. Once you go back, there is no turning back. Therefore, Su will go, and the words will be bitter; Luo will go, and his song will be sad. This man's feelings are also the feelings of horses. Is it true that the Lord is heartless? "
But when Bai Juyi was 70 years old, Su Fan and Xiaoman left. Bai Juyi wrote in "Random Thoughts": "In two willow buildings, Yan Na has been with drunkards for many years. Should there be a spring breeze in the world after she is released tomorrow? " Five years in March, today is the end, the guests are all gone, and there is no one. Illness lived with Lotte, and Su Fan came back for some time in the spring. "