Background: The Song Dynasty (960-1279) was the dynasty in Chinese history that succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and led to the Yuan Dynasty. It was divided into two stages: the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. It experienced eighteen emperors and enjoyed three kingdoms. One hundred and nineteen years.
Politics: The political system of the Song Dynasty generally followed that of the Tang Dynasty. However, the prime minister was no longer held by the governors of the three provinces, but Tong Zhongshu Menxia Ping Zhangshi was appointed as the prime minister. A deputy prime minister was also added to participate in political affairs, which is commonly known as the ruling party. Together with the prime minister, it is called the "chief executive".
The power of the prime minister in the Song Dynasty shrunk significantly, and he was only responsible for administrative functions. The Zhongshu family and the Privy Council are collectively known as the second government, and they have great civil and military power. There are also three departments of Salt and Iron, Household Department and Duzhi, which are in charge of financial power and are known as the province of planning. In this way, the three divisions, the prime minister, and the privy council made the three powers check and balance each other, thus weakening the power of the prime minister and strengthening the imperial power. The Song Dynasty also established admonishment courts and admonishment officers in addition to the Yushitai. These are supervisory agencies responsible for matters such as impeachment.
Economy: The economic prosperity of the Song Dynasty was unprecedented, with major developments in agriculture, printing, papermaking, silk weaving, and porcelain making. The navigation and shipbuilding industries have made outstanding achievements, and overseas trade has developed. It trades with more than 50 countries in the South Pacific, the Middle East, Africa, Europe and other regions. The Song Dynasty's large-scale development of the south promoted the economic center to move southward.
Culture: The culture of the Song Dynasty was a prosperous period in Chinese cultural history, with fruitful achievements in the fields of Neo-Confucianism, literature, history, art, and science and technology. The imperial examinations established to select officials promoted the development of the education system. Printed matter The widespread circulation of literature promoted the exchange of literature and the appreciation of art. Jingdezhen porcelain was highly prosperous. Unlike the Tang Dynasty, ordinary officials had the characteristics of scholars, poets, painters, and politicians. They loved calligraphy and painting, were good at poetry, and collected antiques. . Ordinary people love opera, there are many restaurants with a variety of dishes, and the market is full of clothes and shoes.
Extended information:
Chenqiao Mutiny
Chenqiao Mutiny, also known as Chenqiaoyi Mutiny, was a mutiny launched by Zhao Kuangyin to replace the Later Zhou Dynasty and establish the Song Dynasty. , this allusion is also called the yellow robe and the body. In 959, Chai Rong, Shizong of Zhou, died, and Chai Zongxun, the seven-year-old Emperor Gong of Zhou, came to the throne. All inspections were carried out in front of the palace, and Zhao Kuangyin, the military governor of the German army, and senior generals of the Forbidden Army Shi Shouxin and Wang Shenqi took control of the military power. ?
On the first day of the first lunar month in 960, there were rumors that the Khitan and the Northern Han Dynasty were marching south to attack the Zhou Dynasty. Prime Minister Fan Zhi and others did not confirm the authenticity and rushed Zhao Kuangyin to lead the troops north to defend the enemy. When the Zhou army arrived at Chenqiaoyi, Zhao Kuangyin, Zhao Pu and others conspired to launch a mutiny. The generals put a yellow robe on Zhao Kuangyin and supported him as emperor. Later, Zhao Kuangyin led his army back to Kaifeng. The capital guards Shi Shouxin and Wang Shenqi opened the city to welcome Zhao Kuangyin into the city and threatened Emperor Zhou Gong to abdicate. ? After Zhao Kuangyin came to the throne, he changed the name of the country to "Song" and still made Kaifeng the capital. Shi Shouxin, Gao Huaide, Zhang Lingduo, Wang Shenqi, Zhang Guanghan and Zhao Yanhui were all awarded the title of Jiedushi.
The Unification War of the Northern Song Dynasty
The Unification War of the Northern Song Dynasty was a unification war against the remaining separatist regimes of Wuping, Houshu, Southern Han, Southern Tang, and Northern Han after the establishment of the Song Dynasty. .
From the third year of Jianlong in the Northern Song Dynasty to the fourth year of Taiping and Xingguo (962-979), the Song Dynasty adopted the policy of first easy and then difficult, first south and then north, which mainly included Murong Yanzhao and Li Chuyun leading their troops to pacify Wuping and Zhou Baoquan (963) ), at the same time Gao Jichong of Jingnan voluntarily surrendered; Wang Quanbin led his army to pacify Mengchang of Later Shu (965); Song Taizu led his army to conquer the Northern Han Dynasty (968); Pan Mei led his army to pacify Liu Su of the Southern Han Dynasty (970 AD); Bin and Pan Mei led their troops to pacify Li Yu of the Southern Tang Dynasty (975); later, Wu Yue Qian Chu and Qingyuan Army Jiedushi Chen Hongjin voluntarily surrendered (978); Song Taizong led his troops to pacify Liu Jiyuan of the Northern Han Dynasty (979).
The Northern Song Dynasty did not completely unify ancient China, but it basically unified ancient China. The second expedition against the Liao Kingdom failed, and the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun, western Liaoning, and eastern Liaoning were still in the hands of the Khitan. Party item Li Jiqian and his descendants later controlled Xiazhou, Lingzhou, and the Hexi Corridor and established Xixia. The Jiaozhi State established in Jiaozhou only became a vassal state of the Song Dynasty, that is, the independence of Vietnam.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Song Dynasty
Baidu Encyclopedia-Song Dynasty Culture
Baidu Encyclopedia-Chenqiao Mutiny
Baidu Encyclopedia-Unification War of Northern Song Dynasty< /p>