How to appreciate poetry in college entrance examination?

Not long before the college entrance examination, the "universal formula" for appreciation of ancient poetry and ci. From a strategic point of view, the most effective review method at this time is to summarize some knowledge points that can be scored by memory and memorize them. Appreciation of ancient poetry is a kind of question that can be easily improved in the final assault. Therefore, the author has combed the examination questions of ancient poetry appreciation in recent years, and found that the examination sites are nothing more than the interpretation of specific images, the appreciation of poetic artistic conception, the refinement of emotional themes, the analysis of expression skills and the scrutiny of language and characters. After analysis, it is found that each point has a corresponding answer mode that can be inserted. Now, let's summarize the answer modes of each point. Candidates only need to memorize, put specific questions in the correct position during the exam, and answer in the mode, so they can get the score steadily. I. Interpretation of concrete images The so-called images refer to vivid and concrete images created by the author in ancient poetry, which can not only fully entrust the author's subjective feelings, but also stimulate people's thoughts and feelings. Including the characters in poetry (the author's own image and the characters created by his works) and the images of things (the images of objects described in poetry, such as "lime" in Ode to Lime and "cicada" in Cicada). To interpret the concrete images of ancient poetry, we should grasp its connotation, that is, we should analyze and judge the author's thoughts, feelings, opinions and attitudes contained in the images. The common questioning methods of this kind of topic can be divided into two situations. One is to point out the object of appreciation, such as "What is the moral of XX?" "What kind of thoughts and feelings does the image of XX in the poem pin on the author", "What do you think the meaning of XX in the author's mind" and so on. The other is that the object of appreciation is not specified, such as "what images the poet uses to express his feelings" and "what pictures are described in the poem, and what are the benefits of writing like this". The concrete image interpretation of universal formula = point out the image+explain the specific characteristics of the image+reveal the connotation of the image (note: "point out the object of appreciation", omit the first item. ) Formula explanation to solve this kind of problem should include three points: 1. Read the poem and find out the relevant poetic images according to the scope specified by the topic. 2. Combined with the content of the poem, further describe or explain the characteristics or specific details of this image to make it detailed. 3. Reveal the connotation of the image, that is, understand the feelings, wishes and reasons expressed by the author through this image, or the symbolic meaning, social connotation and era connotation of this image. Anhui Analysis Volume 2: Xiaogushan [Song] people say that this is Haimen Pass, with boundless sea eyes. Heaven and earth occasionally leave a column of incense, and Jiangshan has this obstacle. As powerful as a warrior's enemy battlefield and as dangerous as a lonely priest's last days. Tomorrow I will climb to the top, and I will look at the universe with a broad mind. What kind of thoughts and feelings does the image of Xiao Gushan in the poem pin on the author? A: (The image of "Xiaogushan" has been specified in the title, so the first point is omitted. Xiaogushan is a military important place with dangerous terrain in the Yangtze River (point 2: further explain this picture). This poem expresses the poet's heroic feelings of being brave and determined, killing the enemy and serving the country. Even if he is an orphan, he can turn the tide and win the victory against the yuan (point 3: reveal the symbolic significance and connotation of the times). Second, the artistic conception of poetry appreciation is a seamless artistic realm created by the harmony between the natural scenery and life scenes depicted in the works and the thoughts and feelings expressed. A poem asking about "artistic conception" must have both "scenery" and "emotion". The common ways of asking questions in this type are: "What kind of artistic conception does this poem create?" "What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express? " "What kind of scenery does this poem describe? What kind of feelings did the poet express? " Wait a minute. Appreciation of the artistic conception of universal formula poetry = what kind of objective image picture is depicted+the characteristics of the picture+what kind of emotional formula the author has incorporated into it. If the artistic conception is a "face", then the image (image) is a "point", and a big "face" is composed of small "points". The author's choice and description of image is the expression of his subjective feelings, and image is very important to the development of society. Therefore, to appreciate the artistic conception, it is necessary to combine the images in poetry with reasonable imagination and fully describe the "scenery" that expresses the artistic conception. To solve this problem, there are three points: 1. Combine the images in the poem, develop appropriate imagination and describe the pictures displayed in the poem. 2. Make a simple summary of this picture. Common words are: natural and fresh, quiet and beautiful, spacious and diluted, magnificent, magnificent, lonely and desolate, desolate and bleak, and so on. 3. Extend the above summary to analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Example of application of Tianjin formula in 2008: living in the mountains is a thing. Wang Wei was lonely and covered with firewood, setting off the glow. Crane fruit pine trees are everywhere, and people visit the door sparsely. Tender bamboo contains new powder, and red lotus loses its clothes. Fishing boats on the ferry are shuttling little by little, and there are people coming and going everywhere. What are the scenery and feelings written in the last four sentences of the poem? A: The last four sentences of the poem describe the setting sun, the smoke rising from the kitchen, the tender bamboo lotus flowers fresh and lovely, and the scene of picking ling and returning home (point one: combine the images of "sunset", "tender bamboo", "red lotus" and "fireworks" to expand imagination and paint the picture); Such a quiet and beautiful scene (point 2: make a simple summary of this picture); It shows the poet's carefree mood (the third point: analyzing the author's thoughts and feelings). Third, emotional theme extraction This kind of topic mainly requires candidates to extract the author's thoughts, feelings, opinions and attitudes through the understanding of poetry content. Detailed analysis of the author's emotions is the focus of this kind of problem. Common ways to ask questions are: "How does this poem express the author's thoughts and feelings", "How does this poem express the author's interest" and "What is the main idea of this poem". According to different topics, there are two different expression formulas: the first one: emotional theme extraction = what emotion to express+content analysis (first extract emotion, then combine with fact analysis) and the second one: emotional theme extraction = what to describe+what to express/propose/reveal (first analyze facts, then extract emotion) formula explanation 1, and extract common expressions of emotion: "This is the right time." This poem expresses the author's ambition of ... "This poem tells the truth of ..." and so on. 2. The method of analyzing facts: grasp the key words in the poem and explain the reasons for supporting your own views. In addition, candidates also need to remember some common emotional themes of poetry: ① love the motherland and the great rivers and mountains, and worry about the country and the people; ② Oppose war and pursue peace; (3) talents are not satisfied with the repression of political setbacks; (4) Express noble sentiments and pursue achievements; ⑤ Express affection, friendship, love and homesickness; ⑥ Express your feelings of sadness, loneliness, depression, sadness, calmness and leisure. Examples of formula application: 2008 National Volume II: Read the following song poem, then answer this question. Spring is-Xun drizzle, falling flowers near dusk. The car dust can't reach the ground, and the door is covered by the sound of birds singing. How does this poem express the author's feelings? Please analyze it briefly. A: This poem shows the author's loneliness after political frustration and laments that the world is cold (according to the meaning of the question, first refine the author's feelings). The first or second sentence of the poem describes the evening in late spring, when the rain is falling and the flowers are falling, and it is in ruins. From these bleak scenery, we can see the author's political frustration and loneliness. There are some birds in front of the poet's house, and he wants to be in the cry of returning birds. We can see the poet's sigh about the changes in the world after he closed his door (analyze this emotion in depth according to the meaning and specific facts of the problem). Fourth, the analysis of expression skills If the first three categories are to examine candidates' understanding of "what to write" in poetry, then this kind of topic is to ask candidates to analyze "how to write" in poetry. It is important to understand the content of expression, expression and rhetoric (explained below). The common ways to ask questions are: 1, and no expression is specified. For example, "What expressive means/expressive means/rhetorical means are used in this poem" and "How does the poet express his feelings". 2. Point out the expression. For example, "please appreciate this poem from the perspective of the relationship between reality and reality" and "please appreciate this word from the perspective of scenery and emotion" and so on. Analysis of expression skills of universal formula = name the types of expression skills+analysis and explanation of combined content+explanation of expression function formula. First of all, we should clarify some common connotations of expression, expression and rhetoric methods: ● Expression: narrative, discussion, explanation, description and lyricism. ● Expression techniques: contrast (contrast), expressing one's mind directly, expressing one's feelings through scenery (scene blending), expressing one's meaning through things (meaning or symbol through things), expressing one's feelings through things, reasoning through scenery, satirizing the present through the ancient, combining the virtual with the real, combining the dynamic with the static, comparing, contrasting, sketching and using allusions. ● Rhetoric methods: metaphor, analogy, pun, duality, exaggeration, metonymy, rhetorical question, rhetorical question, thimble, etc. After understanding these backgrounds, we should pay attention to the following points when answering questions: 1, and accurately point out which skills are used. If you point out what techniques or techniques are used in the poem (such as the question "Please appreciate this poem from the perspective of the relationship between reality and reality"), this point can be omitted. 2. The author explains how to use this technique to write with the specific content of poetry. 3. How can this technique effectively convey the poet's feelings (sometimes it can be omitted according to the specific requirements of the topic). Examples of formula application: Fujian Volume 2008: Nine quatrains (3) Du Fu knew that Maozhai was extremely low and small, and geese often came on the river. Dirty piano books with mud, even catching flying insects and hitting people. Please make a simple appreciation of this poem from the perspective of expression. A: The expression of this poem is lyrical by borrowing scenery (point one: point out what kind of expression it is). The poet put pen to paper from swallows, and described the scene of them flying into the study of the thatched cottage frequently, "soiling the piano book" and "hitting people" in a delicate and realistic way. These descriptions not only highlight the lovely state of the swallow, but also vividly show the swallow's love for the study of the thatched cottage and the close relationship with the poet (point 2: how the author uses this technique). The whole poem is permeated with a strong flavor of life, giving people a natural and cordial feeling, and at the same time revealing the joy and leisure of the poet's stable life in the thatched cottage (point 3: how this technique conveys the poet's feelings). Another example is the Sichuan volume in 2008: [Double Tone] The victory of geese falling, which made Wu Wenchun spend azaleas and watch the geese return in the autumn moon. Human feelings are as thin as clouds, and scenery is as sick as an arrow. Stay, buy and spend money, and plant mulberry fields. Maoshan three houses, the seedling fertilizer is several hectares. Bedside, put a cold and profound biography; In front of the window, the banknotes are some fresh Du Fu articles. What rhetorical devices are mainly used in this meta-Sanqu? Try to appreciate it. Answer: ① Duality, (dot 1), such as "autumn moon" versus "spring flower"; (point 2) Metaphor, (point 1) For example, compare "human feelings" to "clouds" and "scenery" to "arrows"; (point 2) 3 exaggeration, (point 1) compare "scenery" to "arrow" and use exaggeration at the same time. (point 2) 5. language and writing scrutiny this topic examines the appreciation of the art of "refining words (words)" in ancient poetry. It is generally required to find the best word (word) used in poetry and explain its beauty; Or directly seek the beauty of a word (word); Or provide two words (words) and ask which is better. Mainly appreciate verbs and adjectives. There are two common ways to ask questions: 1, without specifying compliments (words). What is the most vivid sentence in this couplet? Why? " 2. Specify words of appreciation (words). For example, the word "x" has always been praised. What do you think of it? " Please appreciate the beauty of the word "X" in the poem. Which is better, the word "X" or the word "X"? Why? (comparative appreciation type) "universal formula language scrutiny = meaning of word+expression means (such as metaphor, personification and imitation)+expression function of word (word). To explain the formula, we should pay attention to the following points: 1, which indicates which word is used well; The appreciative type indicates which word is used better. (For "Specify the category of appreciation words", this step can be omitted. ) 2. Words (words) that use metaphors, personification, imitation of things, etc. It is necessary to point out what kind of expression is used, then explain the meaning of the word (word) in the sentence, and put the word (word) into the original sentence, expand the association and describe it. 3. Interpretation plays a special expressive role in the whole poem. For example, what kind of artistic conception the word sets off, or what kind of feelings it expresses. Examples of formula application: 2008 National Volume I: Four Intercropping Rivers (III) Tonghu Point in Xishan of Pandalin and Hidden Dragon Palace in Chibi. The shape wins three countries, and the waves flow all over the world. Shaming fists leave herons, and the sea is wide and the sky is flying. I admire the fisherman most, returning to the boat in the rain. There is a vivid word in each of the three sentences. Please find out and talk about the benefits of this kind of writing. Answer: "fist" and "retreat" (point 1: point out the words used well). The word "fist" means "like a fist", which vividly compares the posture of heron birds perching on the beach; The word "retreat" is a vivid and unique way to express Hong Niao's flying state in the sky by anthropomorphic means (point 2: go back to the original sentence to analyze). This kind of writing constitutes the picture of the combination of static and dynamic that the author saw by the river (point 3: explain its special function). In 2006, Guangdong Volume: Two Poems by Yue Xiufeng and Huang Yuzhe Philosophers Looking at the Evening (Part I): Tan Jingzhao, Jiang Shangqing, the mountains are all over the place, and the sails are far away. The old crane flew south and took the bell to the sea building. On the beauty of the word "belt" in poetry. A: The poet used analogy (personification) here (point one: point out the words used well). There is no connection between the old crane and the clock. The word "Dai" materialized the invisible clock and personified the old crane, which not only enlivened the old crane, but also enlivened the clock (point 2: back to the original sentence for analysis), thus making the whole poem organically combined with dynamic and static, auditory and visual, real and virtual writing, which is intriguing. (point 3: explain its special function). If you thoroughly understand these routines in the final stage of preparing for the exam, I believe it will be of great help in the examination room.