What are the sad and sorrowful images in poetry?

Analysis of willow image in classical poetry: In China's classical poetry, willow is one of the most common images, and it is also the most beautiful and moving image. A careful and in-depth study of the role of willow images in ancient poetry is of great benefit to understanding ancient cultural traditions, improving national cultural literacy and enhancing poetry appreciation. First of all, I use willow to express my deep affection for parting. "Chang 'an is on an infinite tree, and only weeping willows can walk." (Liu Yuxi's Nine Poems of Yang Liuzhi) Farewell is the most essential artistic feature of Liu's image. There are countless good sentences in ancient poems and songs that express parting feelings through willow images. "Spring breeze knows not to suffer, and it doesn't send wicker green. "(Li Bai's" Old Pavilion ")" The rain in Weicheng is light and dusty, and the guest house is green and willow. I advise you to drink more wine, there is no reason to bask in the sun in the west. " (Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er Shi Anxi") "Raise the head of the Yangtze River and worry about killing people crossing the river." (Zheng Gu's "Farewell to Friends in Huaishang") "It seems that it is not refined. Huayang is a bit, a drop of tears. " (Su Shi's "Water") "Affectionate feelings have been hurting and parting since ancient times, and neglecting the Qing Autumn Festival is even worse. You wake up from the wine tonight, Yang Liuan, and the wind will stop. " (Liu Yong's Yulin Order) "It's hard to tie the willow silk to the jade. I hate not caring about the forest." (Wang Shifu's "The West Chamber") These beautiful words and expressions are all sentimental with willows. The image of willow is associated with parting. First of all, Liu Zi is graceful, gentle and affectionate. "I have been to, Liu Yiyi; Today I think of it, it's raining. "(The Book of Songs Xiaoya Caiwei) Willow's reluctant gesture matched with people's feelings of parting, so that Liu Xie praised in the Southern Dynasties:" Peach blossoms are as fresh as burning willow. It is believed that "Willow Yiyi" vividly shows Liu Yang's feminine realm. "With less, there is always more, and the feelings are clear. "From the source of The Book of Songs, the willow image in China's classical poems has always been suggestive and enlightening. Secondly, it is because the ancients had the custom of folding willows to bid farewell. The so-called "bringing wine to spring, folding willows is parting." This custom prevailed in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, many people in Chang 'an went to Baqiao to fold willows to bid farewell. According to "Three Auxiliary Huang Tu", "Baqiao Bridge is in Chang 'an East, crossing the water is the bridge, and the Han people see Fujian off at this bridge, and the willows are folded to bid farewell. "This is the earliest record about the close relationship between folding willows and giving people away." A dangerous building with high poles and low dust, what can a bridge climb? Think about it as a heartless tree. I don't know how to welcome people, I will only give them away. " (Pei Shuo's "Liu") "Baqiao Ada, Qujiang Pool Pavilion, should treat people." (Lu You's Eye-catching) "The willow green is drooping and the flowers are long and sultry. The wicker flies and asks the pedestrian whether to return. " (Anonymous "Farewell") Again, "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, and folding the willow to bid farewell means talking about staying, expressing the feeling that you can't leave early. "West lane willow spring soft, moved away from sorrow, tears cannot be gathered. I still remember my feelings. I once went back to the boat for the department. On Bi Ye Zhu Qiao's Day, people disappeared and the water ran out. "(Qin Guan's" Jiangchengzi ") Another point is that there is a farewell song of" Zheyangliu "in ancient music. For example, there is the song "Folding Willow" in Han Yuefu's "Cross Blowing Song". There is a saying in the folk song "Folding Willow Songs" in the Northern Dynasties, "If you don't mention the whip when you get on the horse, fold Yang Liuzhi instead". Wang Zhihuan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote Liangzhou Ci: "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds, and the lonely city is covered with Wan Ren Mountain. Why should the flute complain about the willow? The spring breeze is only Yumenguan. " Among them, "Liu Yang" refers to the song "Folding Liu Yang". Li Bai's "Smelling the Flute in Luoyang on a Spring Night" is even better: "Yu Di flies and scatters into the spring breeze in Los Angeles. In this serenade, I heard the sound of willows, and no one could bear the nostalgia. "Smell the flute and arouse homesickness, touch the sorrow, why? Therefore, the flute plays the song "Folding Willow"! Second, the willows sing a beautiful spring. Willow grows in spring, dense in summer and luxuriant in branches and leaves. Therefore, the ancients often used willow to praise spring and nature. For example, "Yin's back eaves, Luo tang qian." (Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden") "The rain in Tianjie is crisp and crisp, and the grass color is far away. The most important benefit is that a year's plan lies in spring, which is better than a willow. " (Han Yu's "Early Spring Rain") "The spring breeze willows want to be green, and the smoke is light and rainy." (Yan Shu's "Complain") "There are one or two orioles at the bottom of the leaves, and the sheep are light in the daytime." (Yan Shu's "Broken Array") "Poplar smoke is lighter than Xiaohan, and red apricot branches are full of spring." (Song Qi's "Yulouchun") "Yichuan tobacco, full of wind, plum yellow rain." (He Zhu's Jade Case) The spring scenery is beautiful and picturesque, which makes people linger. One of the most famous poems of the Tang Dynasty poet He Yong Liu sings beautiful spring scenery through the willow: "Jasper is dressed as a tree, and thousands of strands of moss hang down. I don't know who cut off the thin leaves. The spring breeze in February is like scissors. "The use of metaphor and personification not only shows the exquisite beauty of willow leaves, but also praises the vitality of spring, which has aroused readers' association and left a very broad imagination space for people, which can be called Liu's eternal swan song. There are also willows that express their feelings of cherishing and hurting spring. For example, "the willow is dark and the flowers are bright, and the smoke is woven." Begonia has not been wet by the rain, pear blossoms are like snow, but it's a pity that spring is half over. Now the past is hard to recall, and the soul in the dream walks around the boudoir building where you lived. Acacia only exists, lilac branches and nutmeg tops. "Another example is," Baling Bridge is intertwined with smoke and willows, and the scenery is the best. "Yang withered and Liu withered, and after several climbs, the waist of Chu Palace was haggard." (Liu Yong's Youth Journey) organically combined the feelings of hurting spring, parting and lovesickness. Third, describe women and love with willows. From an aesthetic point of view, willows are swaying in the wind, shy and dependent on people, with a variety of postures and customs, which are very feminine and feminine. Therefore, the ancients often used willows to describe the posture and appearance of women. "Petals are like her face, willow leaves are like her eyebrows" (Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow), "Cherry Su Fan mouth, willow waist." (Bai Juyi's Unforgettable Feelings) Expressed the graceful posture and elegant posture of women in the form of "arch eyebrows" and "slim waist", as at present. Liu's aesthetic pleasure is also reflected in the description of love. "On the willow tip moon, people meet after dusk." What a beautiful mood and love! "Willow green Jiang Shuiping, Wen Lang Jiang's song. Sunrise in the east and rain in the west, the road is sunny but sunny. " (Liu Yuxi's "Zhi Zhu Ci") The poem is based on the rise of willows, with feelings in the scenery, and depicts a wonderful picture of poetry, painting and philosophy. Others use willows to describe the tragedy of love and express human sadness: "Don't climb me, it's too gentle to climb me. I am Qujiang Lin Chiliu, who broke that man's climb and fell in love for a while. " ("Dunhuang Quzi Ci") Compared with Liu Zhi's expression of his mind, how can the pain and resentment of being abandoned, the helplessness and sadness of courtship not make people cry? ! 4. Reveal the philosophy of life through willows. There are many images of willows in classical poetry, and some express their philosophy of life through willows. For example, "there is no doubt in the mountains and rivers, and there is another village in the dark." (Lu You's Tour of Shanxi Village) "Please don't play the previous songs, listen to the new songs and turn to Yang Liuzhi." (Liu Yuxi's Nine Poems of Yang Liuzhi) "Planting flowers intentionally, not going to spend them, turning them into shadows". (Guan Hanqing's "Killing Lu Zhailang with Intelligence") and so on, which are typical in this respect, are gentle, rich in connotation and intriguing, so I won't go into details here.